Gzhel kupenta: dongosolo kwa oyamba. Gzhel utoto tableware Pantchito

Gzhel, tauni yaing'ono m'chigawo Moscow - pakati pa wotchuka Russian luso la nsomba. Otchedwa Gzhel chitsamba ali m'gawo lalikulu ndi zikuphatikizapo midzi 27, pamene anthu akhala wakhala ukugwira penti zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangidwa zadothi zoyera ndi dothi. History Gzhelian nsomba inachokera ku m'ma 14, kuchokera nthawi imene, pafupi Moscow anapeza wolemera dongo gawo. Mabukuwa anali thumba wosanganiza: yosavuta zigawo wofiira "shirevki" ili mu zigawo chapamwamba, zigawo m'munsi underlain "ubweya" wotumbululuka chikasu, ndipo akutambasula kuya "mylovka" - wofatsa woyera dongo, zida zabwino kupanga dongo ndi dothi mankhwala apamwamba.

zofuna apothecary

Ena nthawi ndi dothi yoyera kutsuka mbale, ndi ziwiya zina za kukhitchini. Ndiye anadza mfumu Apothecary lamulo kulamula kutumiza zipangizo zonse ncho kwa Moscow zosowa mankhwala ndi mankhwala. Kupanga cookware anachedwa, koma patapita kanthawi chatsegulidwa gawo zina dothi loyera, chotero chuma wakhala mokwanira ndi pharmacies kupanga mbiya. Pa zopangira zochuluka ndipo anayambitsa ndi luso luso otchedwa Gzhel.

World kutchuka

Gzhel utoto, dongosolo lomwe ndi mulingo makamaka, anayamba kufalitsa mu Russia. Koyamba ojambula zithunzi kuti ntchito osiyana wachikuda utoto. Ndiye Gzhel kupenta, moyo, kujambula mitu ndi kalembedwe chonse anasintha pang'ono. Mfundo zikuluzikulu mtundu chiwembu anali owala buluu cobalt utoto. Kuyambira pamenepo, Gzhel kupenta, zomwe anthu timasilira unatengera padziko lonse, wakhala osakaniza tingachipeze powerenga za mitundu iwiri - woyera ndi buluu. mankhwala enieni musalole mithunzi wina aliyense, koma nthawi zina, wojambula angagwiritse ntchito utoto golide kwa zokongoletsa mosavuta.

maluwa

Wotchuka kupenta Gzhel (moyo, zokongoletsera, mitu zamaluwa, ndi zina zambiri zimene ndi maziko a kalembedwe wapadera luso) anayamba kupanga m'zaka 19. M'nyumba olemera Russia ankaona mawonekedwe abwino kuyala chodyera tebulo la ziwiya za kukhitchini gzhel zadothi. Choyamba kumbuyo wakutemwa ichi, kunyada m'dziko lawo. Komanso, buluu ndi zoyera mbale ndi tureens anali ofunika mtengo kwambiri Meissen zadothi.

Zithunzi pa mankhwala akhala akufotokoza mfundo Russian. Kusaka ndi agalu, kuvina pa zikondwerero chionetsero pa Isitala ndi zochitika zina zambiri khalidwe moona Russian zitawonetseredwa pa dinnerware. Choncho, Gzhel kupenta, lomwe dongosolo anali ofanana mu mzimu Russia, ndi ayamba wotchuka.

handwork

Kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma 20 Moscow obereketsa amene amafuna kuika kupanga mankhwala buluu ndi zoyera pa mtsinje, koma lingaliro analephera. Gzhel utoto glassware ziwembu ayenera kuchitidwa pamanja ndi amisiri odziwa amatha aganyali ntchito moyo wawo. Mawotchi zojambula ntchito wawononga akamanena za luso, mankhwala amakhala yosaoneka.

Gzhel utoto, dongosolo ndi ziwembu, kanjedza zojambula kapena zithunzi za ku moyo wakumudzi - zonsezi ndi chifukwa cha ntchito yolenga aluso luso ntchito pa mabizinezi zaluso wowerengeka ndi zamanja "Gzhel chitsamba." Chizindikiro choyamba cha luso wojambula mu kujambula pamaso pa halftones pamene wotumbululuka buluu zikwapu taphunzira ndi yowala ndiponso yomveka bwino.

Gzhel kupenta: Pantchito

Flower, pamakhala ake wosakhwima, phesi la mbewu, masamba cuttings woonda ... Izi ndi tingachipeze powerenga mutu Gzhel kupenta. Zimagwidwa amasonyezera pa mawonekedwe stylized, koma zochititsa khalidwe akufotokozedwa, currants sangakhoze kusokonezedwa ndi snowball, ndipo gooseberries sitinganene kuti rosehips, ngakhale zomera zonse, maluwa ndi zipatso za yemweyo yowala mtundu buluu.

mutu Ana

A mbali yofunika kwambiri zamanja katundu Gzhel zoyenera ana. Ndi akavalo ndi njovu, abulu ndi foals, ornamented ndi ngolo sitima, magalimoto ndi ndege, lomwe pano Gzhel kupenta. Dongosolo ana monga waluso monga akulu, koma ndi njira zambiri udindo zambiri ndi ntchito za mmisiri. The mwana Mulimonsemo sayenera kukhumudwa. Choncho, ojambula zithunzi, kuyambira ku zidole kupenta ndi mankhwala ana ena osiyanasiyana, yesani kuchita ntchito yabwino.

zokambirana

The mafakitale mayanjano Gzhel wowerengeka Tirhana na Timatheriyali ntchito gawo pa maphunziro amene akufuna luso kupenta. ojambula zithunzi m'tsogolomu maphunziro apadera a zojambula ndi umisiri polenga wotchuka buluu ndi zoyera zadothi, lophunzira mtundu uwu wa luso wowerengeka, ngati penti Gzhel. Dongosolo kwa oyamba m'Chingelezi chosavuta, koma kuphunzira tichipeza magawo angapo.

maphunziro oyamba monga kuphunzira chitsanzo, ndipo makamaka, ntchito ya contours tsogolo la fano. Zikwapu chagwiritsidwa ndi kujambula sing'anga zofewa pensulo pa mtundu wa pepala ya pepala popanda kukakamizidwa kuti tikhoza kufufuta chofufutira zoipa mzere n'kuchiumba.

Pambuyo pa mizere kujambula okonzeka, inu mukhoza kuyamba mtundu. Zitsanzo chithunzi bwino kuti madzi sungunuka utoto - watercolor, akiliriki kapena gouache. Burashi ndi abwino kapena, koma kwa starters, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito nambala 2. Pa pepala ayenera kupanga zikoti zochepa kukatenga mtundu buluu, machulukitsidwe wangwiro. Ndiye muyenera yesetsani duwa. Ngati fano pepala kunapezeka bwino, ndiye gawo lotsatira mukhoza kuyamba penti mankhwala ceramic.

A zosiyanasiyana zojambula

ali chiwembu ndipo zithunzi thematic ntchito pamene luso ofunikira kwambiri Nawonso achichepere aliyense ankapitabe Gzhelian kupanga za ziwiya zadothi. Osiyanasiyana Gzhel kupenta, moyo, zithunzi, zithunzi, kutengera - onse apita chifukwa, pamene muyenera kuthamanga wina mndandanda wa katundu.

magulu osiyana umatulutsa mankhwala authoring pamene mankhwala kuyambira pa chiyambi mpaka mapeto zimasungidwa mu udindo wa exclusivity. mawonekedwe awo ndi wapadera wapadera kupenta. Gzhel Izi amalemekezabe akatswiri kuyesera kukagula imeneyi. mankhwala Choyamba kalasi amasiyana ochiritsira kuphunzira zambiri za maonekedwe. chithunzicho atamukoka mokoma zazing'ono, ndi chifukwa mwaluso woona wowerengeka Gzhelian luso.

Musanyamule

Posachedwapa panali mwambo wabwino - pa Gzhel kupanga kutsegula sitolo kukwaniritsidwa kwa malonda a m'misili. Zosemasema akhala kwambiri zilipo, kuchuluka kusankha. mabizinezi Large nsomba Gzhelian anayamba kutulutsa superservizov, monga anthu aperekedwe ku Mapu m'zaka 19. Oimira mibadwo akulu kukumbukira dinnerware waika zinthu 120 kapena kuposa. Panali akanema ndi anthu ang'onoang'ono kwa 12 mwa zinthu 84. Ndi yaing'ono, awiri wakuti "Tete-a-Tete." Service anali ngakhale munthu mmodzi, kakang'ono, imene inkatchedwa "Egoist".

okhawo The Tsar a

M'masiku amenewo zambiri Gzhel mankhwala chisamaliro kunja. Azungu zimagulitsidwa katundu ngolo wa ambuye Russian. Izi zinachitika kwa ndithu nthawi yayitali mpaka wogula yaikulu yopanga fakitale sanali Russian lachifumu chuma dipatimenti. Ndithu mofulumira panali okhawo, womwe unali yopanga Gzhel, ndipo kuyambira pamenepo, mankhwala onse kutumizidwa ku nyumba yosungiramo katundu wa Zachuma.

ziyembekezo

Panopa gzhel mu ankafuna kuposa kale. Mafakitale ndi zokambirana yaing'ono ntchito pa mphamvu zonse. onse okhala otchedwa Gzhel chitsamba chinkhoswe kupanga ndi moyera-zoumbaumba utoto.