Gnosis ndi praxis - ndichiyani? Kulakwila gnosis. Gnosis - ndi ...

Nditawerenga nkhani imeneyi, mudzakhala timudziwe bwino mfundo ngati chidwi "gnosis" ndi "praxis." Kodi izo, kodi mitundu ya kuyan'anila kuti kukhala ponseponse - zonsezi ndipo tidzakambirana lero. Nkhani adzakhala zothandiza makamaka zamaganizo.

Gnosis ndi chipasuko ake

"Gnosis" - mawu amene anawamasulira kuchokera Greek momwe "kuzindikira." Choncho, izo matenda ndi matenda a kuzindikira, yomwe ikuchitika ndi maganizo imalandira. The lathu la munthu chilengedwe mwachindunji ndi tanthauzo la malumikizanidwe okhudza malo, kukula, mawonekedwe a zinthu, komanso kumvetsa makhalidwe analowa mu dzina ya aliyense wa iwo. mudziwe malire za dziko aumbike kwa kusanthula ndi kaphatikizidwe wa zikhumbo imalandira mitsinje osiyanasiyana ndipo kenako waikamo mu ubongo wathu. Ngati njira apamwamba ampatuko anadabwa cholandilira zida, ndi kufala kwa zikhumbo imalandira asungidwa. Komabe, kutanthauzira, deta awo yachinsinsi analandira zithunzi kusungidwa mu kukumbukira zisakuyenda, zikubweretsa agnosia limene gnosis kukhumudwa. Zimenezi zimabweretsa chakuti amaonera zinthu lili, koma kumverera kwa "ankadziwa" atayika. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko lonse, amene poyamba anali munthu bwino mwatsatanetsatane, ndi mlendo, wopanda kutanthauza zovuta kuzimvetsa.

Gnosis - chinachake chimene ayenera ndinaganiza, osati monga kuzindikira fanizo fano. Izi ndondomeko ya kuyengedwa mosalekeza, Zikuchitika, kuwapatsa malangizo. chithunzi amasungidwa zosiyanasiyana kukumbukira. Zosinthika ndi chifukwa kachiwiri asayansi mudziwe analandira.

azikhala agnosia

Complete disorientation anati mu okwana agnosia. kuphwanya Komabe, si kawirikawiri. Kwambiri zambiri gnosis matenda amapezeka yekha mu dongosolo limodzi chowunikira. Choncho agnosia kusalekerera angakhale osiyana. Izo zimatengera digiri zimene kuwonongeka.

psychanopsia

Zooneka gnosis anagwiriridwa pamene ophedwa occipital kotekisi. Motero, wodwalayo aona chinthu, koma mukhoza kupeza izo. Pangakhale zingapo zimene mungachite. Nthawi zina, zithunzi gnosis ntchito motere: Munthu akhoza molondola kudziwa maonekedwe a chinthu (kukula, mawonekedwe, mtundu), koma mukhoza kupeza izo. Mwachitsanzo, wodwala limafotokoza Apple monga chinthu 'pinki, kuzungulira. " Ngati munthuyo nkhaniyi dzanja, ataipeza pa palpation. Choncho, gnosis linaphwanya substantive. Nthawi zina wodwala sangathe kusiyanitsa nkhope bwino. Kenaka ena mwa anthu odwala matenda kumbukirani anthu pa malo monga Mfuko, zovala ndi zina zotero. D. Pali zina za agnosia, pamene munthu apeza chinthu angakhoze kumutcha ntchito zake ndi zinthu, koma sangathe kukumbukira dzina lake. Iwo amatchedwa matenda kulankhula.

Nthawi zina, pamene wosweka visuospatial gnosis, akhoza kukhala ndi mavuto kukumbukira zithunzi, lathu okhudza malo. Ndipotu, tikhoza kunena kuti makinawa yokumbukira kale linaphwanya pamene misrecognition ya nkhaniyi munthu. Inde, mu nkhani iyi, sikutheka collate ndi fano pokhala masanjidwewo ampatuko. Palinso milandu imene munthu ndi kukonzanso kupenda akudziwanso phunziro amene adamuwona, koma sangapeze zimenezo. Wodwala, amene okhudza malo lathu ndi akusokoneza, Sikuti kuwazindikira nyumba, munthu, ndi zina zotero. E., pamaso pa anzake ndipo akhoza kupita nthawi zambiri kumalo amodzi, mosadziwa. Pamene zithunzi agnosia kawirikawiri anataya mwayi kudziwa manambala, makalata. Anataya zina, mphamvu yotha. Pali zina zimene mungachite pa kusonyeza kuphwanya gnosis zithunzi. Odwala okha amanena matenda awa: "Ine sindikuwona," "Ine sindikudziwa." Komabe, iwo amawona zinthu, chifukwa iwo tisapunthwe pa iwo, kuzilambalala.

Makutu agnosia

Iwo wapatsidwa kwa Lobe zosatha anakantha m'dera la Anzeru Geshlja. Munthu mu nkhani iyi sangapeze phokoso bwino kuti iye pamaso: mkokomo wa madzi, kulira belu, ndi wotchi ikugunda chopita ndi zina Makutu gnosis Pankhaniyi linaphwanya .. Amuso kumachitika pamene wodwalayo sangathe kudziwa nyimbo zoimbira. Kwa phokoso sangakhale wolemekezeka monga agnosia Makutu. Mu mitundu ina ya mtima silingathe kudziwa pafupipafupi awo.

tcheru agnosia

Palinso agnosia tcheru, amene angapeze pamene chifukwa cha matenda kutentha kuzindikira, ululu, chogwirika, zithunzi proprioceptive ndi ma zace. matenda amenewa amapezeka mu nkhani ya kugonjetsedwa, m'dera parietal. Zikuphatikizapo Mwachitsanzo, matenda chithunzithunzi thupi, kapena astereognosis. Nthawi zina, anthu sali osati kudziwa ndi kukhudza chinthu, koma ndi lingaliro la kake, mbali pamwamba. Anosognosia limanenanso kuti tilinazo agnosia. Pamene mwamuna wake sakudziwa vuto lake, monga ziwalo. Pakuti agnosia tcheru monga kuyan'anila malodza.

Olfactory ndi gustatory agnosia

Iwo ali osowa. Kubvomereza zofukiza, kuwonjezera, ndi munthu kwambiri. Ndi chifukwa kwakukulukulu anakumana nazo za aliyense.

kafukufuku Features

Chonde dziwani kuti kafukufuku wa ana ali ndi makhalidwe yake. Pankhaniyi, izo Sizotheka kukhazikitsa kuphwanya gnosis. Mwana wamng'ono, mwachitsanzo, akhoza basi sangathe mukazindikira ziwalo za thupi lake. M'pofunikanso kuganizira pamene kafukufuku wochititsidwa gnosis wa anthu akuvutika maganizo. Mu izi ndi ofanana milandu, ndithudi, n'zosatheka kulankhula za matenda thupi fano.

Praxis

Inu mukudziwa kuti gnosis - kuzindikira ichi. Ndipo kodi praxis? Zimenezi n'cholinga. Aliyense wa ife m'moyo amaphunzira zosiyanasiyana zokhudza wapadera galimoto. Komabe, ambiri a iwo makina, monga nawo mapangidwe awo njira apamwamba yokhudza kotekisi. maluso amenewa amakhala pa nthawi yofunika kwambiri anthu luso, monga kayendedwe yosavuta.

Pamene pali apraxia

Pamene njira yokhudza kotekisi kuti zimakhudzidwa kukhazikitsa njira izi amakhudzidwa, pali apraxia - yeniyeni kayendedwe matenda. Pankhaniyi, palibe matenda kugwirizana kapena kamvekedwe kapena ziwalo akhoza ngakhale kugwira kayendedwe yosavuta kwawo. Komabe, zochita zina za galimoto, mwangwiro anthu, ndi wosweka. Chifukwa, wodwala achite zochita yosavuta monga poyatsira machesi, kuongola, mabatani a mabatani, etc. chanza. Apraxia limapezeka makamaka pamene anapha lalikulu Chigawo (parieto-temporo-occipital dera). Komabe, amachepetsa awiri a thupi amakhudzidwa pa nthawi yomweyo.

Apraxia kumachitika mu mwambo disruptions subdominant bwino Chigawo (mu nkhani ya kudzanja handers) ndi kulumikiza hemispheres awiri a anthu corpus callosum. Pankhaniyi, amaonekera okha kuchokera kumanzere. Chifukwa, amadwala dongosolo apraxia kanthu. M'mawu ena, unyolo mosalekeza wasweka, imene apangidwe galimoto automatisms. Chifukwa cha ichi, wodwala, kuyesera ntchito iliyonse, amapanga kwambiri kayendedwe zosafunika.

Parapraksiya

Nthawi zina, kuwululidwa parapraksiya. Pamene anachita zimenezi zingaoneke kokha akufanana ntchitoyo. Palinso mitundu ya perseveration. Pankhaniyi munthu wayamba munakhala pa zinthu zina. Mwachitsanzo, kupereka kunyamula mtima ochititsa manja. Ndiye iye anafunsa kuti zingawononge ndi chala koma mwamuna kachiwiri amachita gulu loyamba.

Nthawi zina, apraxia opulumutsidwa, zochita tsiku ndi tsiku wamba, koma luso anatayika. Mwachitsanzo, kutaya luso ntchito screwdriver, ndege, ndi zina zotero D..

mitundu apraxia

Ngati tikambirana apraxia mawu a mawonetseredwe matenda, izi mitundu yake yaikulu ndi: zaphindu, ideational ndi galimoto. Onani mwachidule pa aliyense wa iwo.

mota apraxia

Pankhaniyi munthu sangathe kuchita zimene koyenera kuti ntchito, ndipo mwina ndi onyenga. Mwachitsanzo, iye anafunsa kuti zingwe mmwamba nsapato, atavala lumo kudula pepala kapena alimbane ndi mkulu ndi pensulo, etc. Wodwala amadziwa ntchito Komabe, sangathe timaigwira. Iye sanali ngakhale okhoza kubwereza zoyenda, ngati akusonyeza mmene timachitira. Nthawi zina, munthu sangathe kuchita ngakhale kanthu zophweka kwambiri monga akuwomba manja anu, kupindika kapena squat. Njinga aphasia, yomwe imatchedwanso kulankhula apraxia, aphasia, kapena malo Broca ndi imodzi mwa mitundu ya matenda.

ideational apraxia

Pankhani ya matenda wodwalayo si angathe kuchita zimene yake ndi zinthu kungoganiza kapena zenizeni. Mwachitsanzo, si kutiwonetsa ngati analimbikitsa mu kapu ya shuga kapena mwaukhondo. Komabe, nthawi yomweyo opulumutsidwa zochita kutsanzira. Nthawi zina wodwala akhoza, mosazengereza, kuti basi kuchita zinthu zina. Iye akhoza Mwachitsanzo, basi kulumikiza batani, koma sangathe kukwaniritsa cholinga ichi.

zaphindu apraxia

Chitani mitundu apraxia lotsatira, zaphindu. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo wokhoza kuchita zonse kuti mawu, ndipo amatsanzira zochita zosiyanasiyana. Komabe, izo sizingakhoze kugwira watsopano galimoto kuchita, kuti lonse la mbali. Mwachitsanzo, akhoza kulenga mawonekedwe ena a machesi apangidwe piramidi ndi T D..

kafukufuku Features

Onani kuti a mitundu ina apraxia zimachitika matenda a gnosis. Anthu, opuwala thupi image, kapena sakudziwa za nkhaniyi, kotero, sangathe kuchita ntchito, kapena sanachite bwino kapena chosinkhasinkha udzapereka iwo.

Chonde kudziwa kuti praxis nthawi zonse anapanga pa kukula kwa mwanayo. Choncho, ngakhale kuti ana sangathe kuchita zochita chosavuta (mabatani a mabatani, kudzikongoletsa, etc ...), - chodabwitsa achilengedwe.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa tanthauzo la mawu ngati "gnosis" ndi "praxis" amene njira yapadera kwa wonongeka zimene zimachititsa chisokonezo lolingana. Luso kudziwa chifukwa cha kuyan'anila ndi kiyi bwino zamaganizo a.