Njira Basic wa zamaganizo monga chida cha cognition anthu

Psychology - sayansi kuti amaphunzira njira maganizo ndi zochita khalidwe anthu. Kuphunzira kuwerenga maganizo a anthu, monga sayansi ina, limayamba mosamalitsa zolinga zake, zolinga ndi njira. Mu chitukuko, maganizo, mwinamwake chikudziwika ngati sayansi ya moyo, wopyoza magawo angapo. Kwa nthawi yoyamba za chigawo wauzimu wa munthu akulankhula mu zana lachisanu BC Panthawi imeneyi, malingaliro anthu zoyambirira za moyo zochokera nthano zambiri ndi nthano, zikhulupiriro zakale. Nthawi yachiwiri siteji ya chitukuko cha zamaganizo ankaona BC 5-6 m'zaka Pa awo sayansi wa zamaganizo monga otere kulibe, maganizo onse a moyo munthu analowa nthambi ya nzeru ambiri. Panapita zaka zambiri, pamaso akulankhula za kuwerenga maganizo ngati sayansi osiyana m'njira zamakono mawu. Izo zinali kokha kwa zaka za m'ma 18 mochedwa. Pa nthawi yomweyo ndi limodzi mwa nkhani zikuluzikulu za mayunivesite ambiri a ku Ulaya.

Aliyense sayansi ali ndi zolinga zake ndi zofunika kuzikwaniritsa, kupeza zomwe n'zotheka kuyamika njira kuti iye limagwiritsa ntchito imeneyi. njira Basic wa zamaganizo - njira yeniyeni imene zamaganizo deta odalirika zofunika pomanga mfundo zikuluzikulu za sayansi ndi pofuna kukwaniritsa sayansi ambiri. M'nthawi ya zazing'ono ngati munda osiyana kudziwa sayansi ya moyo wakhala anasonkhanitsa kwambiri ndithu njira zawo. The akuluakulu ndi:

• anaziika;
• kuyesera;
• kafukufuku;
• kukambirana;
• mafunso.

The njira chidwi mu kuwerenga maganizo ndi mwapadera bungwe amaonera chinthu chidwi ndi kulembetsa wotsatira mayankho ake khalidwe. Mu ndi maganizo timapangira ganizo - ndi maganizo ndi kuloweza wa umunthu osiyana dziko kuti isawonongeke. Zinthu maphunziro katswiri pogwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi kungakhale maganizo: okhutira wa chinthu kulankhula, mwamphamvu ake, nthawi ndi kuchuluka wotsagana mtima, kayendedwe. Penyetsetsani ikuchitika, monga ulamuliro, kapena mwa iwo akuona (zamaganizo) kapena zipangizo wapadera (video, zida wailesi, etc.).

Kuyesera (ku Latin - "ndi", "mayeso") ndiye njira za kuwerenga maganizo, amene amalola kuti younikira khalidwe nkhani ku yokumba, koma pafupi chenicheni cha zinthu. Pogwira kuyesera akhoza kuchita chidwi kwambiri lonse mavuto alipo, komanso chifukwa cha ntchito kale. Mwachitsanzo, akatswiri a zamaganizo ntchito ndi mavuto wodwalayo kuopa akangaude. Pa chomaliza zamaganizo akhoza kuchititsa kuyesera imene mtima wa kupemphedwa kuti abwere Aquarium imene tizilombo pamaso amachititsa mantha. Malinga ndi zimene wodwala adzaweruzidwa mmene ankapatsidwa ndiponso ngati pali Pankhaniyi kwa iye ndi ubwino.

The njira zoyambirira za kuwerenga maganizo, monga ulamuliro, ndi ubwino ndi kuipa. Mwachitsanzo, anaziika ndi chabe Kulingalira khalidwe. Akatswiri anaona pamene ntchito za tsiku ndi nkhaniyo, koma sangabweretse kusintha. Ngati chilengedwe cha zinthu yokumba, m'pofunika, kafukufuku wa wayambira ntchito njira imeneyi, monga kuyesera, amene ubwino waukulu poyerekeza ndi maonekedwe.

Mayendedwe - mtundu wa kulankhulana wapakamwa pakati pa kafukufuku ndi nkhani (za maganizo ndiponso mtima), imene kafukufuku ufuna kudziwa zambiri zogwirizana za mayeso. Njira asayansi amagwiritsidwa kwambiri koyamba gawo la phunzirolo, ndipo yoyamba kuonerera kapena kuyesera.

Kafukufuku - njira ya zimachitika pakati pa kafukufuku ndi phunziro, umenenso akuyendera mwa chiphunzitso cha mafunso zofunika ndi mayankho kwa iwo pa nkhaniyi. Kukayikira - mtundu wa zimachitika pakati pa ophunzira awiri mu phunziroli (a zamaganizo, wodwala), imene yamasika akufuna, monga ulamuliro, kupereka mayankho ku mafunso. Izi njira zoyambirira za kuwerenga maganizo monga Kafukufuku ndi mafunso mwina wamba. zoyankhulana mtima ndi akatswiri imachitika kawirikawiri pakamwa kufunsa mafunso kwalembedwa mafunso, mutu linafunsidwa njira zina zingapo. Pamene funso ili likhoza kukhala zofanana kwathunthu, kaya kupereka moleza - pakamwa kapena kulemba.

Zonse zazikulu maganizo njira ndi ubwenzi wabwino ndi mzake ndi angagwiritsidwe ntchito kapena singly kapena osakaniza. Amene yophunzirira akhala akugwira Mulimonsemo makamaka, wofufuza mukuganiza yekha.

Lero sayansi ofufuza kwa moyo zolinga angagwiritse ntchito njira za kuwerenga maganizo amakono, amene kupereka akatswiri gulu osiyana. Mwachitsanzo, gulu la njira kuchokera analemba mabuku angapo maganizo Druzhinin lili zitatu zoyambirira zokha njira: wazotsatira, ongolankhula ndi logwirizana. Ambiri a iwo, monga ulamuliro, akali yekha komanso ndi ntchito zamaganizo ntchito kwambiri kawirikawiri.