General Chumakov Fedor: yonena, chidwi mfundo, zithunzi

Musanayambe Amakuuza ndani ndi Chumakov, General, amene amadziwika amaonetsa onse ndi mafani mabuku asilikali, m'pofunika kukhala pa dzina la wolemba wotchuka Soviet, analandira pa nthawi ya USSR State Prize. Iwo Ivan Stadnyuk, amene ntchito amadziwika kupitirira malire a dziko lathu.

About wolemba

Tsekani fano zonse zinalengedwa ndi wolemba General Chumakov, komanso, ndipo palibe munthu amene sakudziwa kusangalala limakhulupirira Perepelitsa otchulidwa buku ndi nkhani Ivana Stadnyuka (ndi mafilimu pa zolembedwa wake). Powonjezera? Ivan Stadnyuk zolembedwa m'mabuku ena amene anamasuliridwa m'zinenero zambiri dziko: "Anthu angelo," "Rangers", "Munthu sataya", "Anthu zida", mndandanda ndi yaitali. Makamaka amadziwika screenplays lake Ivan Stadnyuk ndi sewero. "Nkhondo mu njira ya kumadzulo" - mndandanda TV, amene anaonekera amunamuna Chumakov, General amene chithunzi kukhala choncho moyo, kuti anthu ambiri sakuzindikira ngati ngwazi zolembalemba, kapena kanema.

Ntchito yoyamba zinatuluka Ivanom Stadnyukom mu magazini "Soviet msilikali", ndipo ndi wolemba asilikali mutu sanatisiye mpaka kumapeto. zaka sikisi, anagwira ntchito magazini mkonzi wa zopeka, ndi membala wa gulu la mkonzi anali zaka makumi atatu. Ivan yekha Fotievich Stadnyuk - msilikali kale nkhondo ndi adaona ambiri otchuka monga analenga General Chumakov. Ku nkhondo wakewo osati kwambiri za mphoto ndi mendulo, komanso zochitika, anthu maganizo, anthu kukumbukira kuti sanathe kutsanulira pa masamba a mabuku ake.

Choonadi cha moyo ndi mabuku

Mu nthawi ya Soviet Ivan Stadnyuk analandira kwenikweni matumba makalata amene nthawi zambiri zili mafunso zokhudza anthu kapena zinthu zina za moyo zozizwitsa, amene anakhala ndi Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich, General wa Army. Izi ndi zomveka. Panokha anapereka satifiketi kuchokera kutsogolo, omwe anakhala maziko a mabuku ake onse kwathunthu zoona kuuza owerenga kuti zimene anali kumeneko, ndipo umunthu, zimene mabuku, ndi prototypes yeniyeni. The image, lomwe lili ndi ambiri Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich komanso zoona kwambiri.

Ngakhale Kudziwa mkulu zikalata za mabuku Stadnyuk ndi olimba mtima, kuona mtima, iwo ndi umboni waukulu wa chondichitikira, choncho wowerenga akulandira ngati zenizeni konse lilipo pansi pa maina a anthu. Ndipotu, zochita nkhondo zomwe zinalembedwa m'buku la kwenikweni anali odzipereka, ndi anthu onse n'chiyani. Ndipo General Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich yophatikiza mbali yaikulu ya asilikali angapo kwambiri. Pa iwo ayankhidwa pansipa.

Mlembi limati

Mu 1983, Ivan Stadnyuk analandira USSR State Prize kwa buku lake "nkhondo" ndi "Moscow, 41 TH." Ndiye iye anandiuza owerenga ake moti Fedor Chumakov, General - munthu chabe. Koma khalidwe lake anali mosamalitsa anapanga ulemu ndi kusirira, chikondi chonse, ndi chidziwitso chonse cha zochita za mkulu wa khumi ndi chitatu General Ahlyustina Makina Corps, mkulu wa Eleventh General Mostovenko Makina Corps ndi mkulu wa chimodzi General Hatskilevicha Makina Corps.

Udindo wa matupi awa mu yokoka zosaneneka za masabata loyamba la nkhondo mokweza kwambiri, ngakhale m'maganizo ankadabwa kuphimba kuopsa onse ndi olimba mtima kwambiri mu chiwerengero chachikulu cha mavuto amene atsogoleri anali kupita pamodzi ndi anthu ake. Corps General Chumakov, amene yonena imatsala kwenikweni zikuchitika chochitika, anachita mu malo womwewo ndi moyo wofanana Masautso zomwe anayenera kugonjetsa weniweni Makina Corps wa Red Army.

Pomanga yoyamba ya nkhondo

Ivan Stadnyuk mu zochitika chikuvumbulidwa m'masiku oyambirira a nkhondoyo inali nawo, ndi onse mavuto zowawa panokha. Iwo anali mu Western Belarus, mu zigawo zake malire. Ndipo mbiri ya General Chumakova Fedora Ksenofontovicha komanso odzipereka Panyatwa zonsene izi. Stadnyuk anali Komabe, monga kumpoto, dziko loyandikana izi ankhondo, amene sanali okonzeka ndi maalumali. Koma kugawikana ake analowa mwamsanga. Ndinaona ndi ozindikira wolemba kwathunthu zonse zofanana ndi mayunitsi ena onse ndi dongosolo, amene mwadzidzidzi okha izi chopukusira nyama, ndi nkhope mdani maso.

Ndipo pa mzinda wa pafupifupi anatulukira chiwembu - General Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich, zodabwitsa munthu yonena ngati zikuoneka kuti owerenga (ndipo ndiye kuti omvera). Filimu mu nkhani umodzi, anajambula pa situdiyo Dovzhenko mu 1990 potengera Romana Stadnyuka, makamaka anthu okwatira ndi zithunzi za ngwazi za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World. General Chumakov ndi zinthu zoipa za chiyambi cha atasemphana wamkulu anakhala ulusi wamoyo yolumikiza panopa komanso maulendo oposa theka zapitazo.

nkhani

Screenwriter filimu sanali wolemba yekha, ndipo, ndithudi, izo anasiya amaonekera pa khalidwe. Ngakhale zoonekera ndi ambiri "zolakwa" onse, filimuyi kunapezeka shrill, ndipo nthawi zambiri mtengo wa wolemba. Writers ngakhale Soviet Baibulo la udindo zabwino za kasamalidwe chopotozedwa, kuwonjezera mfundo zomwe simunandikhudze kapena Stadnyuk analemba popenyana ndi zina.

Pambuyo wonyenga German kuukira Soviet Union ndi utsogoleri, ndi Stalin panokha anachita zosiyana kotheratu, ndi kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali athu M'chaka cha 1941 sanali amakuchititsa, kuti pali zambiri zikalata. The vuto yovuta la asilikali athu zinachitika chifukwa makamu athu pa nsonga ya kukonzanso, ndipo mobwerezabwereza za Stadnyuk mu masamba a mabuku ake. Olemba anabwera anadzuka zinthu owolowa manja, akuyesetsa pofuna kubisa mbiri ya zaka zapitazi.

tsogolo

Koma filimu akadali ndi moyo, ngakhale potsutsana nacho chowonadi. Zikuoneka kuti nkhani kwambiri sangapeze yankho mu mitima ya anthu Soviet, ngakhale Union wakale. Nawa omvera tsoka la anthu osiyana. Alipidwa ndiponso anthu wamba, nthawi zambiri anonymous, kupanga moyo wawo Sitidzaiwala anamanganso, gulu lawo komanso sanataye mitsempha awo, osati kubisala ndi kuthamanga - adamka asilikali akutali kwambiri, koma ayenera-Nkhata.

Pakati pa storyline wa - Wambiri. General Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich (chithunzi, ndithudi, zitha kukhala pa kanema). Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa atsogoleri omwe chozindikira ndipo anamvetsa kuti lamkunkhuniza, kwambiri lokonzedwa bwino asilikali adagulung'undisa pa dziko lathu lonse m'litali kuchokera kumalire a kumadzulo kusesa kutali zamoyo zonse padziko. Koma General Chumakov, monga onse a prototypes lake, zinachititsa kukaniza oopsa ndi olusa Nazi. Mufilimuyi, monga buku la dzina chomwecho, umatha ndi kuwala - owerenga ndi amaonetsa ndi Kachisisira za chiyambi cha kupambana. Izi chithunzi cha woyambirira ntchito amanyansidwa (Yelnia).

umboni

Mu bukhu, Ivan Stadnyuk analemba momveka bwino kuti Major-General Fedor Chumakov ankavala pa chifuwa chake chokha Mendulo ya chikumbutso makumi awiri wa Red Army ndi Magulu awiri a Red mbendela. Writers kupereka iye poyamba komanso dongosolo la Lenin ndi Order ya Red Star, ndiyeno chifuwa onse iconostasis anapanga. A Lavrentiy Pavlovich Beriya zimene kunapezeka! Tikayang'ana kanali, iye Safety Commissioner udindo woyamba, koma, kalanga! Kale mu January 1941 kanali ngati iye sakanakhoza kuvala. Iye anali mmodzi wamkulu nyenyezi kusoka wapadera.

Pa kufunsidwa ndi, Pavlova Beria buttonholes sewn mozondoka ndi malo ake - anachoka m'malo kumanja. Ndipo kwambiri mfundo mafunso - olemba zopeka. Iye sanali sanathe - chifukwa m'madipatimenti osiyanasiyana. Pavlov chinkhoswe NGOs, zimene sizinalembedwa subordinated kwa NKVD konse, monga izo sizinali mbali ya chitetezo boma. Ndipo - ichi ndi Stadnyuk kulemba akanakhoza kokha! - zimene distsiplinka ndi NKVD! alonda kulankhula mawu pa nkhani yachilendo pamaso pa Commissar anthu, koma mokweza, atakhala mu ngodya kutali.

A pang'ono za olemba a zongopeka

Writers - ndithu, anthu ankhondo ndi mbiri ngakhale asilikali kudziwa loyamba dzanja sanali. Ngakhale maudindo sindikudziwa za dongosolo lililonse la mitundu asilikali. Ngakhale awiri machitidwe osiyana - ndi NKVD mphamvu chitetezo boma ndipo iwo kudziwa kuti Stadnyuk sakanakwanitsa. Yamawangamawanga ali sewn kwathunthu mu malo oyenera, koma asatipusitsenso poyerekeza ndi madipatimenti chisokonezo. Mtima, ndi zonama mwamtheradi akonzedwa powonekera kuomberedwa mkulu wa Beria Pavlova.

Pavlov mu mawonekedwe a General wa Army, mu regalia zonse ndi mphoto popanda mlandu anawomberedwa mwachindunji akulowa m'nyumbayo - pa mphumi ya mfuti a. Zingakhale oseketsa Ngati sikudali kotero chisoni. Malinga ndi zikalata - bwalo anali wolemba Ivan Stadnyuk limanena amalamulidwa wazamalamulo asilikali Ulrich ankhondo, ndi protocol, ngakhale lofalitsidwa. chigamulochi anali kuwerenga GKO lamulo mu mayunitsi onse ankhondo ndi m'magulu onse. Zikuoneka script linalembedwa mu Mipingo mochedwa, pamene kunali chipwirikiti cha mabvumbulutso a boma Stalin, pamodzi ndi thovu mabodza enieni, kukokomeza ndi falsification wa mbiri.

Mfundo ndi Ziwerengero

Apa Stadnyuk kulemba, sindikudziwa za. olemba A 'anachita ife mwabwino, "monga iwo amati ku Odessa. mfundo zambiri ndi zithunzi sizikanakhala odziwika bwino pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, kukambirana osati atsogoleri komanso asilikali. Ichi ndi chiwerengero cha asilikali malire a Red Army ndi magulu Wehrmacht, kusalabadira izi mtsogoleri wa asilikali komanso andale malipoti nzeru za kuukira kumene kukubwera ndi zina zambiri.

azambiriyakale Professional, ambiri a maumboni prepodnesonnyh olemba kale anazindikira falsification. Mwachitsanzo: General Chumakov anafunsa ogwira msilikali, ngati akapitawo zikwi makumi anamangidwa, ndipo anayankha kuti izo zinali zoona. Powonekera wamphamvu! Koma pa zimene mlingo wa nzeru lakonzedwa? Mufilimuyi zonse atamva "Chibelarusi usilikali District", limene mpaka pano mu 1940, unatha, anakhala Western Special usilikali District. Dera Smolensk mkati umene Chibelarusi? Pavlov ndi Western nalamula kuti olemba mwachionekere sankasamala.

Chidwi kwambiri kuposa nkhani ya Raskolnikov. Mu June 1941, Beria ndi Molotov liquidation dongosolo defector (nthumwi, wolemba ndi States). Zikuoneka wodziwazonse NKVD dongosolo sakudziwa kuti Raskolnikov mu Nice anamwalira zaka ziwiri ndi theka chapitacho. Ndipo, ndithudi, mu m'mawa June 22, 1941 Stalin anatseka mu ofesi ndi kumwa vinyo Chijojiya sabata. Ngakhale pa hafu pasiti folo m'mawa anali kale nawo ntchito (palinso akuyendera kuti chipika Stalin ofesi - kalekale mu ankalamulira). Ngakhale Zhukov analemba m'njira zambiri, kuti kuphunzira zinachitika pa tsiku loyamba la nkhondo - ndi voteji sikutheka kulingalira. Ndi zina zochitika ndi Stalin - ndi nkhambakamwa mtheradi. Ngakhale yophiphiritsira ambiri a iwo umboni. Looneka mtanda pa nganga ya mtsogoleri! No ndemanga. Mwina ndicho chokwanira cha mndandanda. Kuposa bukhu.

General Mostovenko

Mostovenko wotchedwa Dmitry Karpovich moyo mpaka 1975. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, iye anali odziwika Polish ndi atsogoleri Soviet usilikali, ndiye msilikali-General wa Soviet Army. Anabadwa mu dera Volgograd. Iye anakhala nawo nkhondo World ine kuchokera 1915 mpaka 1917. Mu Red Army mu 1918, adalamulira battalion, ndiye Regiment la Southern Front. Iye maphunziro a usilikali Academy ndi maphunziro pa Academy dzina la Dzerzhinsky (1926).

Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, anakumana ndi mkulu wa Eleventh Makina Corps ndi pafupi Grodno unazunguliridwa, kuchokera momwe thupi chake chabweretsa kwa m'mikangano ya. Kuyambira m'chaka cha 1943, adalamulira asilikali makina ndi oti muli nazo zida za Polish Army. Iye anatenga gawo mu Chigonjetso perete pa Red Square. Iye anatumikira mu ankhondo Soviet pamaso retiring. Iye anafa Minsk. msewu chikutchedwa mzinda wa Grodno Mostovenko, komwe kuyambira 1967 wakhala nzika aulemu. Anamanganso akazembe manja zinali zofunika: dazeni mphoto, mendulo ambiri yekha panthawi ya nkhondo. Wapolisiyo-General kuyambira 1946. Iye anali zinachitika wa ngwazi wa buku "nkhondo" Ivan Stadnyuk. Pa masamba ake - izi ndi General Chumakov Fedor Ksenofontovich, amene yonena ndi zofanana kwambiri ndi tsoka la asilikali General Mostovenko.

General Ahlyustin

Amene anafa mu nkhondo za nkhondo m'chigawo Slavgorod, Mogilev dera - General Ahlyustin Petr Nikolaevich analinso zinachitika ya ngwazi Romana Stadnyuka. Iye anabadwa mu dera Chelyabinsk. Ine anakwanitsa kuchita kumenyana mu Russian lachifumu asilikali hussar, komwe adalandira udindo kapitawo yoyamba. Nkhondo itatha, kwa kanthawi anagwira ntchito yopanga zitsulo. Mu 1918 mwaufulu anabwera kwa kagulu ka Red Army, kumene adali mkulu wa mazana phiri oyenda Regiment. Anamenya mu amadzibisa kum'mwera ndi kum'mawa.

Mu 1926 anamaliza maphunziro alondawo, ndiye - apakavalo mu 1928. Mpaka 1941, anakagwira apakavalo yekha, anawatumiza Corps makina nkhondo isanayambe, nthawi yomweyo - mkulu. Mu mphindi loyamba la nkhondo inatsogolera Corps wake pa nkhondo yolimbana ndi mphamvu kwambiri kuposa, mu chigawo cha Minsk anazungulira. Zotsalira za thupi zokha ndi July kukakhalanso ndi Red Army. Popanda zida, popanda makina ndi materiel. Pamaso pa msonkhano wa thupi ndi mbali yaikulu ya ambiri anafa pa ulendo wa SOG lapansi.

General Hatskilevich

Major General Hatskilevich anafa pa tsiku lachitatu pambuyo pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, kuphana, mwachindunji mu thanki. Iye anabadwa mu Nizhny Novgorod mu banja la Ayuda adatumikira kuchokera 1916 mu Imperial Army, ndipo mu 1918 wa dziko mu Red Army. Mu Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni udachita kutchuka kwambiri ndi kumenyana mu West, South-West ndi South amadzibisa, analandira mphoto. Chaka pamaso pa chiyambi cha Great kukonda dziko lako yoikidwiratu mkulu wa chimodzi Makina Corps mu District Western, mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri, Thupi kukhala mtsogoleri distilikiti. Mphamvu yaikulu kwambiri chifuniro anali munthu uyu, kulemba komanso malingaliro. Iye ankadziwa kuti nkhondo lotsatira - nkhondo injini, ndipo anachita chirichonse chimene thupi chofanana zam'tsogolo.

nkhondo nthaŵi yomweyo, ndi 24 June, pansi bomba osaleka mpweya, nakantha counterblow makamu a mizimu patsogolo mdani. Ngakhale akhaapatisa abwerere. Ndipo zamangidwa magulu ake yaikulu mdani kwa Red Army akanakhoza kupanga redeployment. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, panali thanki imodzi yokha mu nyumba, ndipo thanki uyu anali wamkulu. Komabe, kupuma mwa lazungulira anayamba, imene General wosweka mbozi German mfuti angapo odana thanki. Koma anaphedwa. Ivan Stadnyuk anapereka ngwazi wake General Chumakov makhalidwe amenewa - nzeru, kulimba mtima komanso kudzipereka.