Mfundo yachilendo Ivana Groznogo

4 Ivan anatenga mutu wa mfumu zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi ziwiri (1547, January). Zimene zinachitikazi ndi tanthauzo lalikulu ndale. Popeza mphamvu ya Moscow State analimbitsa kuti mkulu wa ulamuliro wa kuyesa kupatula anthu ochokera m'mabanja achifumu pafupi ndi pamwamba pa dziko. mutu Izi mphamvu mutu pa ndime ndi mafumu Byzantine ndi khans wa gulu.

Pakutha 1540s ndi tsar Ivan chilengedwe 4 anapanga anthu pafupi. bwalo limeneli linkatchedwa "Anasankha Rada". Zoweta ndi achilendo Politika Ivana ntchito 4 boma la anali umalimbana makamaka pa kulimbikitsa mphamvu centralized, kutambasuka, komanso kuteteza malire dziko.

Cholinga chachikulu mu njira kum'mwera anali kuteteza nkhondo ya Crimea Chitata. Kuti tichite zimenezi, Tula chitetezo mzere (kumbuyo mzere) inamangidwa. Mu 1559 ndawala anali kucitika mu Crimea, amene anali kulephera kwa Russia. Komabe, mu 1572, mu chilimwe, Tartars anakwanitsa kusiya. Prince Vorotynsky anatha kuwononga ankhondo a anthu Crimea.

mfundo yachilendo Ivana Groznogo motsogozedwa kum'mawa ikusonyezedwa bwino mwachilungamo lalikulu. Chifukwa, maulendo pamwamba 1550s kwa Russia limodzi ndi mphamvu zazikulu ziwiri Chitata, anapanga pambuyo kugwa gulu la: Khanate wa Kazan unawonongedwa mu 1552, ndi Astrakhan Khanate - mu 1556 Chifukwa, malire a boma Muscovite kukodzedwa kwa malire a Asia. Mu 1580s oyambirira Russia wadutsa ndi malire awa: a Cossack asilikali kuti Ermak anatsogolera ulendo ku Siberia. Chifukwa cha ntchito imeneyi anagonjetsedwa Siberia Khan Kuchum, ndi dziko lake linalanda kwa Russia. Kuyambira nthawi yomwe inayamba chitukuko cha dziko Siberia.

mfundo yachilendo Ivana Groznogo anasintha malangizo pambuyo kupeza madera a m'chigawo Volga. Tsopano chidwi a boma anayimiridwa mwa mayiko a kumadzulo. Cholinga cha mliri wa Livonia nkhondo yogonjetsa dziko la ukhale kwa Nyanja Baltic. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo, masoka anali kumbali ya Russia. Livonia Order mu 1561 potsiriza linagawanika. Tikumbukenso kuti akupeza a asilikali Russian zosemphana ndi zofuna za Sweden, Denmark ndi Poland. m'mayikowa zapita dera la Order wosweka. Chifukwa, Russia anakakamizidwa kuthana osati ndi munthu koma ndi mphamvu zitatu zazikulu. Choncho, zaka 1563-64 asilikali a Ivan 4 zowawa mndandanda wa zododometsa.

Nthawiyi, oopa mtima wa Muscovy, Lithuania ndi Poland ogwirizana Rzeczpospolita.

Russia anagonja mu Livonia nkhondo. armistice ndi yosainidwa mu 1582. Malinga ndi iye pakati Poland ndi Russia, malire m'mbuyomu. Chaka chotsatira, mtendere anapangidwa ndi Sweden. Choncho, mfundo yachilendo Ivana Groznogo motsogozedwa kumadzulo Sichinatsitsidwe zinachititsa kuti kufunika malire yophunzitsa. Komanso, Russia anakakamizika cede ena m'gawo (Koporje, chilazi, Ivangorod).

Tikumbukenso kuti mfundo yachilendo Ivana Groznogo si nkhondo. Russia kuyambira cha m'ma 16, ayamba kulimbikitsa ubwenzi wake mu dziko, kuti kugwirizananso ndi Denmark, mizinda Italy, ndi German Ufumu. Mu Russia pambuyo India ndi Iran.

Ivan 4 amamangirira wofunika kwambiri kwa osauka kugona ndi Britain. Kuyambira 1555 m'dziko anayamba kuchita zinthu "Muscovy Company," amene anali ndi ufulu kuchita malonda mu Russia popanda kulipira ntchito. Ananyamula malonda kudzera Angelo, anamanga monga doko kwa fairs malonda ndi dziko la Britain, lomwe linali lotsegula onse Russian North kwa malonda.

Choncho, zotsatira za mfundo yachilendo Ivana Groznogo chimaoneka osati kukula kwa gawo la mphamvu, komanso kupanga ubwenzi ndi m'mayiko osiyanasiyana lalikulu la dziko.