Faifi tambala - ndi chiyani ichi? katundu wa faifi tambala

Zinali 1751. Kakang'ono Swedish wasayansi chifukwa Axel Frederick Krondstedtu anaonekera amafotokozera pa nambala 17. Pa nthawi imene anali 12 kokhaku zitsulo, kuphatikiza sulfure, phosphorous, Arsenic ndi mpweya. Asiriyawo kampani yake dzina latsopano iye - faifi tambala.

A mbiri pang'ono

Kwa zaka zambiri asanayambe kupezeka mozizwitsa Anthuwa ku Saxony ankadziwa miyalayo, chomwe chingathe kukhala kolakwika kwa miyala mkuwa. Kuyesa kuchotsa mkuwa nkhaniyi analephera. Kudziŵa kunamizidwa, ndi miyala anayamba kutchedwa "kupfernikel" (mu Russian - "Mkuwa Mdyerekezi").

miyala iyi chidwi akatswiri pa mchere Krondstedt. Pambuyo m'mavuto kulandira zitsulo latsopano, yomwe ankati faifi tambala. Baton Research intercepted Bergman. Iye anafotokozanso mwayeretsa zitsulo ndi anazindikira kuti chinthu ichi akufanana chitsulo.

thupi katundu wa faifi tambala

Faifi tambala ali mgulu la khumi la zinthu ndi kusungidwa mu nthawi wachinayi, pa nambala atomiki ku gome zodziwitsa mu tebulo 28. Ngati inu mupewe Ni chizindikiro, ndi faifi tambala. Iwo ali hue chikasu pa maziko siliva. Ngakhale pa zitsulo mpweya sichikwiya yochitidwa. Yaikulu ndi amphamvu mokwanira. Ndi labwino kuti zinalimbitsa, kotero inu mukhoza kupanga zabwino kwambiri. Mwangwiro opukutidwa. Faifi tambala tingamuyandikire ndi maginito. Ngakhale pa kutentha madigiri 340 ndi opanda chizindikiro kuonekera maginito makhalidwe a faifi tambala. Faifi tambala - chitsulo kuti kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri. Iye amasonyeza ofooka reactivity. Kodi tinganene za katundu mankhwala faifi tambala?

katundu mankhwala

Kodi chofunika kudziwa zikuchokera Mkhalidwe wa faifi tambala chiyani? Pasakhale kulanda maatomu (ndicho chiwerengero chawo) Amakhala zitsulo wathu. Unyinji molar (wochedwanso atomiki kulemera) liri 58.6934 (g / mol). Ndi miyeso patsogolo zina. The utali wozungulira wa zitsulo atomu athu 124 madzulo. Pamene kuyeza utali wozungulira ion, chifukwa anasonyeza (+ 2e) 69 NM ndi 115 NM chiwerengero - ndi covalent utali wozungulira. Pamlingo wa crystallographer wotchuka ndi lalikulu sayansi Pauling electronegativity ndi wofanana ndi 1,91, ndipo lingathe E - 0,25 V.

kanthu mpweya ndi madzi a faifi tambala pafupifupi negligible. The Tinganenenso chimodzimodzi wa soda. N'chifukwa chiyani zitsulo zimenezi Yankho? padziko analenga NiO. ❖ kuyanika Izi ndi filimu yomwe alibe oxidize. Ngati faifi tambala kutenthetsa kutentha yapamwamba kwambiri, ndiye iwo amayamba kusonyeza zimachitika ndi mpweya, komanso amachita halogens, ndi ena.

Ngati faifi tambala afika ku asidi nitric, zimene sizitenga nthawi yaitali. Amagwiritsidwanso mosavuta adamulowetsa mu njira ndi ammonia.

Koma si onse chidulo amachita pa faifi tambala. zidulo chotero monga acid amathiridwa ndi sulfuric, izo uli kusungunuka pang'onopang'ono koma ndithu. Ankafuna kuchita chimodzimodzi acid phosphoric kuti faifi tambala ambiri siziyenda bwino.

Faifi tambala m'chilengedwe

Chikaikiro asayansi anapeza kuti maziko a dziko lathuli - ndi aloyi, muli 90% ya chitsulo ndi faifi tambala mu nthawi 10 zochepa. Pali pamaso pa cobalt - 0,6%. Pa kasinthasintha mu ❖ kuyanika amusankha lapansi wosanjikiza maatomu faifi tambala. Iwo ali anayambitsa sulfide miyala mkuwa faifi tambala, ndi mkuwa ndi imvi. Ena faifi tambala maatomu bolder sanaleke kumeneko ndi kutsegula njira patsogolo. Padziko maatomu omwe anafuna mu kampani ndi chromium, magnesium, chitsulo. Komanso, anzathu zitsulo ndi oxidized ndi unclipped.

Padziko lapansi zimachitika ndi ultrabasic miyala acid. Kuyangana asayansi, faifi tambala okhutitsidwa miyala acidic asapatsiridwe kwambiri kuposa ultramafic lapansi. Choncho, nthaka ndi zomera pali bwino olemera ndi faifi tambala. Koma ulendo wa ngwazi mukufotokoza mu biosphere, ndipo madzi sizinali choncho noticeable.

faifi tambala miyalayo

Industrial ndi faifi tambala ores anawagawa mitundu iwiri.

1. Sulfide mkuwa faifi tambala. Mchere: magnesium, pyrrhotite, Kuban, Miler, petlandit, sperrylite - izi ndi zimene zili ores izi. Zikomo chiphalaphala kuti anawapanga iwo. Kuyambira sulfide ores ungakhalenso palladium, golide ndi zambiri.
2. Silicate faifi tambala miyala. Iwo ali lotayirira, ofanana ndi dongo. Miyala ya mtundu umenewu ndi ferruginous, siliceous, magnesia.

Kodi applicable faifi tambala

Faifi tambala ntchito kwambiri mu makampani cholimba monga chitsulo. Ndicho, mu kupanga zosiyanasiyana kasakaniza wazitsulo. Makamaka aloyi kumaphatikizapo chitsulo, faifi tambala ndi cobalt. Pali kasakaniza wazitsulo ambiri, amene zochokera faifi tambala malowedwe. Izo zikugwirizana zitsulo wathu aloyi, monga titaniyamu, chromium, molybdenum. Faifi tambala amagwiritsidwanso ntchito kuteteza mankhwala msanga umachititsa. Izi faifi tambala mankhwala, ndiye kuti akonze faifi tambala ❖ kuyanika wapadera zoletsa kuti dzimbiri kuti malonda awo chonyansa.

Faifi tambala - ndi chothandizira wabwino kwambiri. Choncho, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito makampani mankhwala a. zida izi, glassware, makina ntchito zosiyanasiyana. Mankhwala, chakudya, zapansi yobereka, kusungiramo mafuta zofunika ntchito akasinja ndi akasinja yopangidwa ndi zisulo faifi tambala. Popanda zitsulo izi sangachite ukadaulo atomiki, TV, zosiyanasiyana zipangizo, mndandanda wa zomwe yaitali kwambiri.

Ngati inu muyang'ana mu dera lino, monga chida, namtsata m'munda wa luso lopanga, tikuona kuti anodes ndi cathodes - ndi mapepala faifi tambala. Ndipo ichi si mndandanda wonse wa kugwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zodabwitsa. Musati phindu la faifi tambala ndi mankhwala.

Faifi tambala mankhwala

Faifi tambala ntchito mankhwala ndi waukulu kwambiri. Choyamba, tiyeni tione zipangizo zofunika ntchito. The chifukwa cha ntchito chimadalira osati pa dokotala, komanso khalidwe la chida umene ntchito. Zida phunziro kwa yolera yotseketsa angapo, ndipo ngati iwo anapangidwa kuchokera aloyi kuti sakhala ndi faifi tambala, ndi dzimbiri si yaitali kudikira. Ndipo zida zopangidwa ndi zitsulo, lomwe lili ndi faifi tambala, moyo wake ankacheperachepera.

Ngati ife kulankhula za amadzala kuti iwo tiwolokere faifi tambala kasakaniza wazitsulo. Faifi tambala zitsulo ali mphamvu yapamwamba. Zipangizo akukonzekera mafupa, kupeza mano otere, zomangira - zonse ku dzimbiri. Mu mano, amadzala, nayenso, anatenga malo awo amphamvu. Clasps, zosapanga dzimbiri braces orthodontists ntchito.

Faifi tambala ku zamoyo

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa dziko kuchokera pansi mmwamba, chithunzicho ndi za izi. Ndi mapazi a dothi la kwathu. Okhutira faifi tambala mu kuposa mu zomera. Koma tikawonetsetsa ndi kulingalira mozama zomera pansi pa prism limene tili okhudzidwa, nkhani mkulu wa faifi tambala ali mu legume lapansi. A faifi tambala kuchuluka ukuwonjezeka mu mbewu.

Tikambirane mwachidule pafupifupi faifi tambala zili mu zomera, m'madzi komanso nyama lapansi. Ndipo ndithudi, munthu. muyeso uli peresenti kulemera. Choncho, unyinji wa faifi tambala zomera 5 * 10 ^-5. nyama lapadziko 1 * 10 ^-6, nyama zam'madzi 1.6 * 10 ^-4. Anthu faifi tambala zili 1-2 * 10 ^-6.

Udindo wa faifi tambala mu thupi

Wathanzi ndi wokongola munthu mukufuna kukhala nthawi zonse. Faifi tambala - ndi chimodzi mwa mchere wofunika kwambiri pa thupi la munthu. Faifi tambala ambiri amasonkhana mu mapapo, impso ndi chiwindi. faifi tambala kudzikundikira anthu opezeka mu tsitsi la chithokomiro ndi kapamba. Ndipo si onse. Kodi zitsulo mu thupi? Ndiye tikhoza kunena motsimikiza kuti iye ndi Sweden, ndi wokolola, ndi igrets mkulu. akuti:

• osati sizinatheke, kuyesera kuti athandize maselo ndi mpweya;
• ntchito makutidwe ndi okosijeni-kuchepetsa zimakhala komanso kugwa pa mapewa a faifi tambala;
• sakuchedwa kutenga mbali malamulo thupi milingo m'thupi;
• bwinobwino oxidizes vitamini C;
• Mwina otchulidwa okhudzidwa ake mu kagayidwe wa mafuta;
• Faifi tambala phindu magazi.

Ndikufuna kuona kufunika kwa nsembe ya faifi tambala mchipindamo. microelement Izi amateteza maselo ndi zidulo mkati, ndicho zinalengedwera.

Ngakhale mndandanda wa ntchito zoyenera faifi tambala akhoza anapitiriza. Kuchokera pamwamba, tiona kuti faifi tambala thupi akufuna. Izi kufufuza mchere m'thupi chimachokera kwa chakudya. Kawirikawiri faifi tambala mu zokwanira thupi, chifukwa ayenera kukhala pang'ono ndithu. Alamu mabelu kusowa wathu wa zitsulo - Maonekedwe a dermatitis. Apa ndi mtengo wa faifi tambala anthu.

Kasakaniza wazitsulo wa faifi tambala

Pali ambiri kasakaniza wazitsulo yosiyanasiyana ya faifi tambala. Nawa waukulu magulu atatu.

Gulu loyamba zikuphatikizapo kasakaniza wazitsulo wa faifi tambala ndi mkuwa. Iwo amatchedwa kasakaniza wazitsulo faifi tambala-mkuwa. Kodi kufanana sakanati zinaphatikizidwa zinthu ziwirizi, chifukwa ndi zidzasintha ndipo ambiri Chofunika - palibe zodabwitsa. The aloyi homogeneous kungakupatseni. Ngati pali pano mkuwa oposa faifi tambala, izo mwamphamvu kwambiri anasonyeza katundu zamkuwa, ndipo ngati faifi tambala osakhala, faifi tambala aloyi zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho khalidwe.

Faifi tambala-mkuwa kasakaniza wazitsulo ali otchuka kupanga ndalama, mbali makina. Aloyi Constantine, imene pafupifupi 60% ya mkuwa, ndi bwino faifi tambala, ntchito kulenga zida molondola apamwamba.

Taganizirani aloyi ndi faifi tambala ndi chromium. Nichrome. Kugonjetsedwa ndi dzimbiri, asidi, kutentha zosagwira. kasakaniza wazitsulo amatigwiritsa ntchito kwa injini ndege, nyukiliya, koma pokhapokha ngati iwoŵa 80% faifi tambala.

Ife chitani gulu lachitatu kasakaniza wazitsulo. Iwo kasakaniza wazitsulo ndi chitsulo. Gawani iwo mu mitundu 4.

1. Kutentha zosagwira - kugonjetsedwa ndi kutentha. aloyi Ichi ndi pafupifupi 50% limapangidwa faifi tambala. Pangakhale osakaniza molybdenum, titaniyamu, zitsulo zotayidwa.
2. Maginito - kuchuluka permeability, kawirikawiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito zomangamanga magetsi.
3. Anticorrosion - popanda aloyi izi sangachite kupanga zida mankhwala, komanso pamene ntchito mu mapangidwe ankhanza. The aloyi zikuphatikizapo molybdenum.
4. Aloyi kuti akuzisunga kukula kwake ndi kulimba. A thermocouple mu ng'anjo. Ndi apa kuti pali ndi aloyi. Pamene usavutike opulumutsidwa kukula kupimira elasticity atayika. faifi tambala ngati kuli kofunika kuti aloyi anali ndi katundu zimenezi? Zitsulo mu aloyi ayenera kukhala pafupifupi 40%.

Faifi tambala panyumba

Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pozungulira, inu mukhoza kuwona kuti faifi tambala kasakaniza wazitsulo anazungulira munthu kulikonse. Tiyeni tiyambe ndi mipando. Aloyi amateteza m'munsi mwa mipando zisaonongeke, mavuto. Samalani Chalk lapansi. Ngakhale pa zenera, ngakhale pa mipando. Thiabendazole angagwiritsidwe ntchito kwa nthawi yaitali ndipo zikuwoneka zabwino kwambiri. Tipitiriza ulendo wathu wopita ku bafa. Apa, faifi tambala-free njira. Shawa mitu, valavu, chosakanizira - zonse ndi faifi tambala-yokutidwa. Izi zimathandiza kuiwala kuti dzimbiri amenewa. Kodi inu simukuchita manyazi kuyang'ana mankhwala, chifukwa izo zikuwoneka zabwino ndi kupitiriza kusamala kukongola. Tsatanetsatane ndi faifi tambala-yokutidwa zopezeka mu nyumba kukongoletsa.

Faifi tambala sitinganene kuti zitsulo zazing'ono. Other mchere ndi ores akhoza kudzitama wa faifi tambala. Ndine wokondwa kuti mchitidwe alipo pa dziko lathuli, ndipo ngakhale mu thupi la munthu. Apa iye amachita ndi zeze mu njira hematopoietic, ndipo ngakhale DNA. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito luso. ulamuliro wake faifi tambala angaipeze kukana mankhwala pamene wokutira chitetezo.

Faifi tambala - chitsulo kuti ali ndi tsogolo kwambiri. Zoonadi, m'madera ena ndi chofunika kwambiri.