Gregor Mendel - woyambitsa wa chibadwa

Mendel anali mmonke ndi chimwene kuchita makalasi mu masamu ndi sayansi kusukulu ali pafupi. Koma analephera kupereka chitsimikizo boma kuti udindo wa mphunzitsi. Abbot anaona ludzu kwa nzeru ndi mphamvu kwambiri nzeru. Adamtumiza ku University of Vienna maphunziro apamwamba. Pali Gregor Mendel anaphunzira kwa zaka ziwiri. Anakapezeka makalasi mu sayansi zachilengedwe ndi masamu. Zimenezi zinamuthandiza kuti apitirize kupanga malamulo a cholowa.

zaka zovuta maphunziro

Gregor Mendel anali mwana wachiwiri m'banja la anthu wamba ndi mizu German ndipo Asilavo. Mu 1840, mnyamata maphunziro makalasi sikisi akuphunzira sekondale, ndipo chaka chotsatira analowa kalasi aumunthu. Koma mu zaka, chikhalidwe chuma banja lafika poipa, ndi 16 wazaka Mendel ndimayenera kumawasamalira chakudya chawo. Zinali zovuta kwambiri. Chotero, pa kutsiriza maphunziro ku sukulu ya nthanthi anakhala novice pa obisika a.

Mwa njira, dzina anamupatsa pobadwa - Johann. Kale mu obisika wake unadziwika ngati Gregor. Chimene iye anachita apa sikuli chabe, monga anali zothandizira mipingo yawo ndi thandizo la ndalama, kuti athe kupitiriza maphunziro awo. Mu 1847 iye anayambitsa mu unsembe. Nthawi imeneyi iye anaphunzira ku Sukulu Theological. Apa panali laibulale wolemera, amene amakhudza zabwino kuphunzira.

The mmonke ndi mphunzitsi

Gregor, amene sanadziwe kuti iye - woyambitsa tsogolo la chibadwa, anachititsa makalasi m'sukulu ndi pambuyo kulephera kwa chitsimikizo anali ku yunivesite. Atamaliza maphunziro ake Mendel anabwerera kumzinda wa Brunn ndipo anapitiriza kuwaphunzitsa sayansi zachilengedwe ndi sayansi. Iye anayesera kachiwiri kuti mbiri yabwino kwa udindo wa mphunzitsi, koma ulendo wachiwiri analinso kulephera.

Zatsopano ndi nandolo

Chifukwa Mendel imatengedwa anayambitsa sayansi? Kuyambira 1856 ali obisika munda anayamba kuchita zinthu zambiri komanso zapamwamba zatsopano zokhudza kuswana kubzala. Pa nandolo Mwachitsanzo limamutchula dongosolo la cholowa cha makhalidwe osiyanasiyana mu zomera mbadwa wosakanizidwa. Patatha zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri za zatsopano kuti zikadzachitika. Ndipo zaka zingapo, mu 1865, misonkhano ya Society of Naturalists Brunn, anakonza ulaliki pa ntchitoyo. Patapita chaka anafalitsa nkhani yake za zatsopano chomera hybrids. Ndi kuthokoza kwa iye anaika chibadwa maziko ngati chilango palokha sayansi. Chifukwa ichi, Mendel - woyambitsa wa chibadwa.

Ngati asayansi kale akhoza onse asonkhana pamodzi ndi mfundo mawonekedwe, Gregor anachita. Iwo ali malamulo a kafukufuku wa sayansi zinalengedwa ndi malongosoledwe a hybrids, komanso ana awo. khalidwe kalembedwe dongosolo zizindikiro anayamba kupanga ndi ntchito. mfundo Mendel awiri anakonza, imene mukhoza zolosera za cholowa.

kuzindikira patapita

Ngakhale Nkhani buku lake, ntchitoyi anali mmodzi yekha review positive. Akutsutsana anachita ntchito za German wasayansi Mendel Naegeli, amene anaphunzira mwakusakaniza. Koma ankakayikira zoti malamulo zavumbulutsidwa yekha nandolo, akhoza konsekonse. Iye anandiuza kuti Mendel, woyambitsa wa chibadwa zatsopano mobwerezabwereza ndi mitundu zomera zina. Gregor ndi mwaulemu anavomera.

Iye anayesera kubwereza zatsopano pa Hieracium, koma zotsatira analephera. Zinali zaka zambiri kenaka, zinadziwika chifukwa. zoona zake n'zakuti mbewu mbewu popanda kubereka. Pali ena amene anavomereza ena mfundo zomwe zinachititsa tate wa chibadwa. Potsatira buku la nkhani ndi botanists wotchuka, amene anatsimikizira kafukufuku Mendel, chifukwa cha 1900, panali kuzindikira ntchito yake. Pachifukwa ichi, mu 1900 imatengedwa chaka cha kubadwa kwa sayansi.

Zonse Mendel azindikira kukhulupirira kuti malamulo anafotokoza iye mothandizidwa ndi mtola, ziri konsekonse. Kunali koyenera kokha kutsimikizira asayansi ena. Koma ntchitoyi ndi basi molimba monga anapeza sayansi. Ndipo onse chifukwa chidziwitso cha mfundo ndi kumvetsa - ndi zinthu zosiyana kwathunthu. kutsegula tsoka la chibadwa, ndi, 35 chaka kuchedwa pakati atulukira yekha ndi ankazindikira pagulu - uwu si chododometsa. Mu sayansi, ndi zabwinobwino. Zaka zana limodzi pambuyo Mendel, pamene chibadwa wakhala maluwa, tsoka chomwecho anachitika kutsegula McClintock, amene sakuwazindikiranso zaka 25.

cholowa

Mu 1868, wasayansi, woyambitsa wa chibadwa Mendel anakhala abbot wa agulupa lapansi. Ndi pafupifupi kwathunthu unatha kuchita sayansi. Mu zolemba zake pa miyala ya zilankhulo apezeka, kuswana wa njuchi, komanso meteorology. Pa malo obisika tsopano m'nyumba kowonera zakale wotchedwa Gregor Mendel. Komanso dzina lake wapadera Magazini ya sayansi yotchedwa.