History, makamaka Tianwan NPP

Vuto la mowa mphamvu mu dziko lero pachimake kwambiri. chuma Non-zongowonjezwdwa, omwe amagwira kale ntchito kupereka anthu ndi magetsi, kukakamiza maboma ambiri kuganiza za magwero mphamvu zina. Komabe, kupanda chitukuko cha sayansi, zosiyanasiyana nyengo komanso malo n'zotheka kuti ntchito mphamvu ya dzuwa, madzi ndi mphepo si mu zigawo zonse. N'chifukwa chake ngakhale pambuyo ngozi akuluakulu ndi kuchuluka kukhulupirirana pagulu la "atomu mtendere" mphamvu za nyukiliya Zatsala wina wa m'madera ambiri zingamuthandize chitukuko.

Nyukiliya mphamvu ya Republic of China

Atomiki Mphamvu ya China chilengedwe mtendere pa mphindi ukufanizidwa ndi makina amene sate-sikisi, anakonza mu khumi zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya. Anaganiza zomanga wina wagawo sate wani mphamvu, khumi ndi awiri ali kale pa siteji kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi.

Kwambiri mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera (kuphatikizapo Tianwan mphamvu za nyukiliya Mmera wonse, umene ndi umodzi wa odalirika kwambiri ndi otetezeka) zili pa gombe. kutanthauzira Ichi chizathandiza ntchito madzi nyanja kuzirala mwachindunji. Onse malo abwino pafupi ndi madzi a m'nyanja kale anaika yomanga zina mayunitsi watsopano mphamvu.

Ambiri, chitukuko yogwira mphamvu za nyukiliya ku China umalimbana kuwongolera zinthu zachilengedwe ku boma. chuma mofulumira kukula kale operekedwa ndi zomera mphamvu malasha, zomwe zimatulutsa zoipitsa kuposa mbewu bwino ntchito. Chifukwa, mpweya m'mizinda n'choipitsidwa, ndi wonse mwa mawu a zinthu zachilengedwe masamba kwambiri wolakalakika.

China mgwirizano, ndi Russian Federation m'munda wa mphamvu nyukiliya

Ambiri mwa mathanki m'gawo la Republic of China sunamangidwe popanda nawo Russia. Nazonso, ndipo pomanga Tianwan nyukiliya magetsi (magetsi, ndi njira, ndi chinthu chachikulu kwambiri cha mgwirizano Chirasha Chinese). Kukwezeleza amachitika magawo a drafting maofesi mphamvu, ndi mayunitsi leni yomanga, mwa kundipatsako kwa zomangira, zipangizo, malembedwe aantchito ndi maphunziro a ntchito yomanga antchito Chinese. The kuti buku la kampani "Rosatom" akamaliza ntchito mwa ophatikidzana Chinese, China, nawonso, komanso kumalimbitsa kukhalapo kwake mu msika Russian: abwenzi kum'mawa ndi zopalira la magawo a "Yamal Lng" ndi "Sibur".

Location zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya

Tianwan NPP (China) ili pafupi ndi tauni eponymous m'mphepete mwa Nyanja Yellow. Anthu akumeneko kuitana mudzi, yomwe ili pafupi sate makilomita ku mzinda wa Lianyungang, kamudzi nsomba Kwenikweni, chigawo m'tauni ya pang'ono anthu osachepera miliyoni asanu. M'dera la Lianyungang - yekha zisanu ndi ziwiri ndi theka makilomita lalikulu.

chithunzi pamwambapa akusonyeza malo a Tianwan mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera mapu China.

Mibadwo ya polojekiti

Kumangidwa kwa nyukiliya amagetsi pafupi ndi "mudzi usodzi" Lianyungang anayamba (ngati tikukamba za chiyambi cha mgwirizano) mu 1992. Ndiye pakati pa zomangamanga kampani "Atomstroyexport" ndi womanga, maboma a Republic of China ndi ku Russia anasaina mgwirizano pa mgwirizano. pangano amapereka drafting wa Tianwan mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera, mwa kundipatsako kwa zida zina zofunika ndi zipangizo, ntchito yoika, kumayambiriro nyukiliya magetsi opareshoni ndi kuphunzitsa ogwira mu tsogolo la ntchito mu malo mphamvu.

Ndipotu kukhazikitsidwa kwa unit loyamba la Tianwan magetsi chinachitika mu 2005. Patapita chaka chimodzi, dziko mphamvu zopezera ku China zikuphatikizapo chinthu chatsopano - ndi Tianwan NPP. Mbiri ya ntchito inali itangoyamba. Woyamba awiri mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu wagawo analamula mu 2007. Chinthu anali ndi chitsimikizo zaka ziwiri.

Mu 2010, China Energy Corporation adalowa pangano latsopano ndi Russian "Atomstroyexport". Panthawi imeneyi, mgwirizanowo n'chakuti zikhalidwe yomanga mayunitsi wachitatu ndi wachinayi. chitukuko Project linamalizidwa mu 2012 kwa chitatu, mu 2013 kwa midadada mphamvu chachinayi, chizindikiro chiyambi cha wapadera maziko konkire. Zikuoneka kuti wachitatu ndi wachinayi mayunitsi mphamvu ya Tianwan mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera adzakhala analamula mu 2018.

Magulu nawo ntchito yomanga zomera mphamvu

Kumangidwa kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera sikuti chinkhoswe mu kampani zomangamanga "Atomstroyexport". Mu mayunitsi wosapitirira siteji ya ntchito makampani zotsatirazi ndi mabungwe anatenga gawo pa Tianwan mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu:

• kasamalidwe sayansi anagwira Kurchatov Institute;
• dongosolo riyakitala anayamba mapulani experimental "hayidiroliki" Bureau;
• kumayambiriro kwa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ntchito olamulidwa ndi womanga ambiri - kampani "Atomtekhenergo";
• ambiri mlengi ankaimba St. Petersburg "AEP";
• Zipangizo waukulu anapangidwa pa "Izhora Chipinda";
• nthunzi magudumu aziwapatsa makina zomanga mbewu "ZiO-Podolsk";
• makina a mphamvu za nyukiliya dongosolo mbewu ulamuliro anaigula nkhawa German Siemens.

Okwana chitukuko ndi kukhazikitsa ntchitoyi nawo makampani pafupifupi 150 Mabungwe kuwonjezera angapo zida anali chopangidwa ndi makampani Chinese.

Kulowa nyukiliya magetsi ntchito

Wopambana kukhazikitsa ntchito ndi kutumidwa yake ya mayunitsi loyamba kuti akhala chinthu chosaiwalika kwa nyukiliya makampani China mphamvu, komanso kampani Russian, kutukula. chisanadze yobereka protocol ntchito yolembedwa ndi mutu wa "Atomstroyexport" ndi mbali Russian ndi Director JNPC (Jiangsu mphamvu za nyukiliya Corporation) ndi Chinese. Momwe Action Tianwan NPP (onani chithunzi. Mmunsimu) analandira August 16, 2007.

Chinthu chofunika kwambiri

Kumanga mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera ntchito zapamwamba kwambiri pa zochita nthawi. Nkhani kwa mabungwe ndi makampani nawo chitukuko cha polojekiti chinali choti kudalirika kwa Tianwan NPP. Pakali pano, phindu mphamvu ndi imodzi mwa mbewu otetezeka mphamvu za nyukiliya ku dziko.

Pofuna kukwaniritsa chifukwa ngati zinali zotheka chifukwa cha njira yapadera, chomwe ndi mbali yofunika ya nyukiliya ntchito magetsi. chakuti yomanga siteshoni otchedwa misampha angapo anaika. makontena phirilo zooneka tinapangidwa kudzagwira pachimake. Choncho, pamene zotheka ngozi osungunula zinthu za kamangidwe ntchitoyi lembani misampha kuti chingamulepheretse chiwonongeko cha nyumba yonseyo.

mapulani Komanso mgwirizano pakati China ndi ku Russia

Wopambana akamaliza ntchitoyo chosakayikitsa kampani ya Russian anapitiriza mgwirizano padziko lonse. The kutumidwa wa malo olowa kukhuta mbali zonse mu 2007. Pangano latsopano amapereka zinthu chitukuko ntchito, kumanga ndi kutumidwa wa mayunitsi wachiwiri kuti (wachiwiri ndi wachitatu) yosainidwa pasanapite nthawi kuchokera nthawi chitsimikizo utumiki wa Tianwan NPP.

Anakonza yomanga anzake a otsala mayunitsi mphamvu ya zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ku China. Iwo ankafuna kuti achita m'Mphamvu mayunitsi eyiti Tianwan mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera, koma nthawi ntchito akadali sakudziwika. Komanso pa nkhani zimene zimakambidwa kuthekera mgwirizano pa ntchito yomanga chomera china mphamvu. Nyumba yatsopanoyi adzamangira mu mzinda wa Harbin, mu kumpoto China.

Nyukiliya okwerera mphamvu kuti zimamangidwa pa ntchito choterocho

Mu kamangidwe ka otetezeka zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya chidwi limati ambiri. Pa nthawi, ntchito yomanga zina zipinda misampha ndi njira nzeru, koma kupanga mapulani komanso yomanga maofesi a mphamvu.

Malinga ndi NPP-2006 ntchito (patsogolo NPP 91, limene inamangidwa Tianwan NPP) amapereka chitetezo mkulu ndiponso kudalirika panopa kumanga zisanu zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya. Atatu a iwo ili gawo la Chitaganya cha Russian:

• Baltic NPP mu dera Kaliningrad;
• Leningrad NPP-2 mu Sosnovy Bor, 68 Km from St. Petersburg;
• Novovoronezh NPP-2 Voronezh.

Anthu awiri otsalawo okwerera pa 2006 mfundo chitetezo nyukiliya zimamangidwa mu Belarus (Grodno dera) ndi India. Otsiriza nyukiliya magetsi si kwathunthu mogwirizana ndi asilikali a.

Posacedwapa yomanga zomera zisanu mphamvu za nyukiliya:

• mu Russia - Seversk NPP mu dera Tomsk, Kursk NPP-2, Nizhny Novgorod NPP;
• kunja - mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera Turkey ndi Bangladesh.

mbadwo watsopano wa zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya pochepetsa zotsatira za ngozi angathe. Makamaka akukondwera kuti Kukonza ndi kukhazikitsa ntchito monga otetezeka nyukiliya magetsi ndi Russian Federation ankachita nawo dziko.