Yomanga Bushehr mphamvu za nyukiliya zomera Iran

Bushehr mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu - koyamba ndiponso kuti tsiku ndi tsiku atomiki siteshoni mphamvu Iran ndi lonse Middle East, limene lili pafupi ndi mzinda wa Bushehr. Ntchito yomanga polojekiti wachititsa angapo madandaulo kwa Iran ku madera ena, koma pa mphindi nyukiliya magetsi ntchito wakhala bwinobwino ndi magetsi yokha analamula.

Mbiri ya chilengedwe

Foundation tsogolo amagetsi nyukiliya inamangidwa mu 1975, koma patapita kanthawi pomanga Bushehr mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu wakhala zii. Only patapita zaka makumi anai ndi zisanu ndi chimodzi, Yehova anapitiriza.

Mgwirizanowo yomanga ndi yosainidwa pakati Iran ndi Germany mmodzi wa maofesi a bungwe Siemens. Komabe, pambuyo oyamba a boma US wa ziletso ndi Iran, kumadzulo Germany imayendetsedwa ogwirizana ake ndipo mwamsanga anatembenuka onse anayamba ntchito yomanga siteshoni.

Pambuyo kusainira pangano pa mgwirizano ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya zolinga mtendere pakati pa Russian Federation ndi Iran mu 1992 ntchito yomanga kugwiridwa ndi akatswiri Russian. omanga aku Iran ndi thandizo la asayansi Russian ndi akatswiri unsembe kwambiri oyenerera analola kukonzekera siteshoni kuti anapezerapo mu 2007. Pa nthawi yomweyo pakati pa pangano latsopano yosainidwa ndi maiko awiri, nthawi imeneyi chakudya yaitali mafuta zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya ku Novosibirsk. Komabe, chifukwa cha kukhazikitsidwa kwa mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu mavuto Bushehr chuma ndi ndale izo kachiwiri kulephereka.

Pomaliza, mu 2009, nyukiliya magetsi anaperekedwa ndi olemedwa ndi kuchuluka koyenera kwa mafuta ndi riyakitala anayamba kufufuza chitetezo cha opareshoni.

The kukhazikitsidwa kwa Bushehr nyukiliya magetsi

Pambuyo mayesero zosawerengeka chilimwe cha 2012 anabwera chomaliza nyukiliya magetsi kutumidwa. Ndiye riyakitala anaikidwa pa 100% chiyanjo mphamvu ntchito. Koma pachiyambi cha siteshoni ntchito sakhala wopanda mavuto ake:

• miyezi itatu chiyambi cha NPP anali inaimitsidwa mogwirizana ndi kugunda kwa mbali riyakitala mpope;
• ngozi mu February 2013 anasiya machitidwe a riyakitala chifukwa cha vuto chopangira mphamvu jenereta, koma ndi June ndi Bushehr mphamvu za nyukiliya chomera ali opareshoni kachiwiri.

kutanthauza NPP

Malinga ndi kafukufuku mu 2006, Iran ankadya ndalama mwachilungamo yaikulu ya magetsi - biliyoni 136,2 kW / h, pamene wobala biliyoni 170 kilowatt / ola ..

Ambiri mwa kupanga mphamvu mu Iran (93%) anatengedwera magetsi akuthamanga pa katundu mafuta ndi mafuta. Otsala 7% - ndi chiwerengero cha magetsi. njira ina yopangira magetsi (zina) monga wa 2006 mu dziko zinakambidwa.

Chifukwa cha kusowa mphamvu processing mankhwala mafuta Iran ali zoitanitsa mphamvu akusowa mu mabuku lalikulu. Makamaka pachimake vutoli anali mu 2007, pamene chifukwa cha kusowa mphamvu mu dziko ngakhale anayambitsa chiletso pa kotunga mafuta anthu. Pakali pano, boma zachitika pulogalamu kuonjezera yopanga magetsi, choncho kumayambiriro kwa ntchito mayunitsi angapo mphamvu za nyukiliya kudzakuthandizani kuthetsa mphamvu kuchepa kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse.

Nyuzipepala ndi adani a mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu yomanga

Against yomanga ndi afunika wa riyakitala nyukiliya kale ankachita ndiponso protrude kutali Israel ndi United States. Amanena yaikulu ya maboma a m'mayiko amenewa ndi Iran si kwathunthu zoona poyerekezera ndi anthu padziko lonse ndipo ndi wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito mphamvu nyukiliya zolinga asilikali. Makamaka kwa oyamba zida za nyukiliya mu gawo chitetezo cha boma.

Kukayikira adanyamuka chakuti Iran ndi kumayambiriro kwa ntchito yomanga sanali nawo Convention padziko lonse Safety nyukiliya. Mogwirizana ndi mfundo zimenezi mpaka 2000 atolankhani zambiri kuukitsa nkhani ya opaleshoni zotheka nkhondo ndi Iran, magulu United States.

Mphamvu chachiwiri wagawo

Ndi pomanga Bushehr nyukiliya magetsi Russia watsimikizira wokha ngati womanga udindo ndi zambiri za maphunziro apamwamba mlingo wa akatswiri, amene bwino ntchito zipangizo Western anagula pansi analephera 1975 yomanga.

Kupikisana mu nyukiliya mphamvu msika Russia anapambana kuthokoza mkulu zachuma zinthu, chitetezo komanso lodalirika njira luso ndi mwayi ntchito pa ngongole. Awa ndi zifukwa chifukwa boma aku Iran akugwirabe ntchito ndi Russia pa ntchito yomanga gawo la unit wachiwiri wa mbewu.

November 2014 anaona kusaina pangano pakati pa maiko pa ntchito yomanga wachiwiri riyakitala mzere. Malinga ndi mutu wa Atomic Energy bungwe la Iran, Ali Akbar Salehi, ndi riyakitala latsopano adzalola boma kupulumutsa 11 migolo ya mafuta pa chaka. Pakuti unit chachiwiri nyukiliya anali poyambira mu September 2016.

tsiku lalero

Yomanga Bushehr NPP-2 Iran lero pa siteji ya chitukuko komanso ankasangalala ndi zolembedwa zonse zofunikira polojekiti. Posachedwapa - September 10, 2016 - Yomanga zafika pamlingo latsopano. Tsiku lomwelo, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wa maiko awiri anaika maziko unit lachiwiri la Bushehr mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu. Photos pa chochitika yafalikira padziko lonse. "Rosatom" kale linavomereza kukhala polojekitiyi, komanso unit wachitatu wa mbewu. Kutsiriza tsiku anayamba ntchito zolembedwa - chiyambi cha dzinja 2019. chitukuko ndalama biliyoni 1,78 rubles.

Makina amene anaika wachiwiri ndi wachitatu unit wa mbewu ayenera kutsatira zofuna zonse panopa chitetezo. Choncho, okonza apanga zomera ano zina zamakono, zomwe kuganizira anasonkhanitsa lonse mapulogalamu zinachitikira. Malinga polojekiti kudzachitika pa zaka khumi ndi zolembedwa panopa. The Launch woyamba ndi kumayambiriro kwa Bushehr mphamvu za nyukiliya mbewu 2 kuonedwa m'dzinja 2024 ndi mayesero ndi kutumidwa wa Bushehr-3 zakonzedwa m'chaka cha 2026-TH.

mfundo

Nyukiliya mphamvu lero amalola dziko lililonse sikudalira mafuta ndi mafuta. Chomera sadzakhala amaipitsa malo, kumwa otsika mafuta ndi kukhala ndi mphamvu yapamwamba. The sangathe waukulu wa zomera zonse mphamvu za nyukiliya ndi mavuto aakulu ngozi, ngakhale pa Mwina awo otsika.

Komanso, mphamvu za nyukiliya masiku ano limapereka dziko lililonse mu dongosolo mphamvu kudalirika, ndi mphamvu za nyukiliya m'badwo - mawonekedwe kwambiri zachilengedwe wochezeka mphamvu mibadwo magwero zina pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu mphepo monga mafuta, dzuwa, ndi ena. Kupanga magetsi pogwiritsa ntchito mphamvu za nyukiliya mtengo, kulola dziko kugulitsa zinthu zawo ndi ubwino kwambiri. Komanso, mphamvu kulola dziko kupulumutsa m'matangadza zachilengedwe monga methane, mafuta ndi ena.

Koma Bushehr AER, ndi chiyambi cha chipika lachitatu la maziko kuyenera kudziŵika ndi 2018, ndipo ntchito nthawi yaitali idzagwiritsa ntchito yomanga mayunitsi eyiti zomera mphamvu za nyukiliya.