Vespertilio: kufotokoza, kugawa, chithunzi

Vespertilio - yaing'ono-kakulidwe mleme mu banja Vespertilionidae. Kunja nyama zimenezi si wokongola kwambiri, koma ali ndi dongosolo chidwi ndi makhalidwe zimene zimapezeka mitundu. N'chifukwa chake ndi chidwi anthu okonda nyama.

inafikira

Vespertilio anagawira pakati ndi kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, ku Asia, okhala m'dera la Ukraine. Izo wakonda moyo mu nkhalango, steppes ndi mapiri. Nthawi zina m'mizinda ikuluikulu. mtundu kutetezedwa nkhokwe chikhalidwe ndi malo otetezedwa padziko lonse, ndi vuto lalikulu kutha. Izi zimayambira pa zinthu zinayamba kusintha mu nyengo, tizirombo, komanso anthu oipa poyerekezera ndi mitundu yonse ya mileme.

deta yeniyeni chiwerengero cha Kozhanov olembedwa. Komanso unagawanika. Vespertilio m'chilimwe zikukhazikitsa mitengo dzenje, attics, mipata pansi pa eaves ming'alu thanthwe ndi zina zotero .. Nthawi zina mbewa izi kugawana pogona awo ndi mileme ina. Zikupezeka mu England ndi ku France, Norway ndi chapakati Russia, Iran ndi China, ku HimalayasI. M'madera ambiri ankaona mtundu chiopsezo cha zikopa ziwiri kamvekedwe. The Book Red wa dera Perm Mwachitsanzo, zaka zingapo zapitazo apindula ndi nyama.

View bwino bwino, koma pali nkhambakamwa kuti Parti-achikuda mleme n'kuulukira kwa dzinja kum'mwera. Anapeza nyengo awiri a nyama m'dera Perm ndi m'mapanga a Bashkortostan. Pali zambiri za wintering mu mapanga a dera Sverdlovsk.

maonekedwe

Vespertilio m'litali si upambana asanu ndi theka masentimita, ndi kutalika kwa mapiko ake ukufika masentimita makumi atatu. kulemera nyama zimasiyanasiyana khumi magalamu makumi awiri ndi anayi. mbewa ichi pa nsana wake ndi woderapo ndi kuwaza wa tsitsi lofiira, ubweya. Pa mimba, ali azioneka grayish.

Mapiko ndinasintha mwapang'ono, makutu lonse ndi lozungulira. Moyo amayembekezeka asanu ndi khumi ndi ziwiri. Manja okonzeka ndege zimagwira ntchito zosiyanasiyana, omwe amagwira m'munsi mwa zala. Wotukuka kwambiri masamba superciliary.

Vespertilio: makhalidwe

Nyama imeneyi amachotsa pa kusakasaka pambuyo theka la ola dzuwa litalowa, koma nthawi zambiri ndi isanayambike madzulo kwambiri. usiku onse amapha, zouluka pamalo okwera za makumi atatu mamita pamwamba m'mbali ndi clearings, pamodzi ndi m'zigwa phiri, pakati pa mitengo, pa steppes ndipo ngakhale madzi. Zouluka mofulumira, ngati zouluka vechornytsi.

Vespertilio kukasaka ntchito akupanga kugwedera pafupipafupi 25 kHz. Pamene nyengo yozizira kwambiri kapena mphepo, khungu akhoza kudumpha kusakasaka. Kumadera kumene khungu yafalikira kwambiri, izo nthawi anthu ena tizilombo.

Chifukwa mileme awa ali osowa, akatswiri anasonkhana mfundo zokwanira. Pa nthawi ya akazi calving kupanga madera ang'ono, mu nthawi zina, masango lalikulu, monga anthu oposa makumi asanu. Magulu a amuna akhoza kufika nyama mazana awiri ndi makumi asanu, koma nthawi zambiri amakonda kukhala yekha.

Nthawi zambiri Kozhany amasamukira, zouluka wautali (za wina ndi zikwi theka makilomita). Kuyambira October kuti March, Parti-achikuda mleme hibernates. Zimabisala mbewa izi, kawirikawiri yekha, ndipo umasamutsidwa ku kutentha kwa -2,6 ° C. Malinga ndi kufunika kwake zachuma Kozhany monga nyama zothandiza - iwo kuwononga tizilombo zambiri zoipa.

yopulumutsa mode

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha nyama. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi zovuta ziti anthropogenic: ndi malire a malo m'dera nyumba ano, wamakono wa nyumba zakale, kusindikiza ndi chapamwamba, kuwononga anthu ambirimbiri a munthu ntchito mankhwala ntchito delousing ndi kuteteza nkhuni.

Mu 2011, mtundu uwu unali kudzadza Red Book of Ukraine. Kozhan bicolor kutetezedwa mu malo onse ndi nkhokwe ya dziko monga mitundu osatetezeka, sachedwa kuchepa kwa anthu. A kuletsedwa kwa gibernatsiynyh nkhawa ndi ana ankawalamulira. Imachitika kampeni zachilengedwe. Kozhan awiri mtundu kutchulidwa Red List wa EUROBATS, IUCN, komanso alumikiza II wa Bern Convention.