Small manja Wehrmacht. Small mikono ya Wehrmacht mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Germany Small mikono

Chifukwa Soviet za nkhondo filimu, anthu ambiri anali ndi maganizo azilandira kuti unyinji wa manja yaing'ono (chithunzi m'munsimu) German oyenda pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World - ndi zodziwikiratu (SMG), "Schmeisser" dongosolo, amene dzina lake maina ake mlengi. Bodza lero amachirikiza ndi mafilimu a kanema dziko. Komabe, zoona, makina otchuka sanali chida chachikulu cha Wehrmacht, ndipo analenga izo sizinali Hugo Schmeisser. Komabe, zinthu oyamba.

Kodi nthano

onse ayenera kudziwa mafilimu zoweta wodzipereka kwa kuukira oyenda German pa malo athu. anyamata wolimba lagolide lochita, palibe ducking, ndi khalidwe la makina kuwombera "kuyambira m'chiuno". Ndipo chidwi kwambiri ndi mfundo imeneyi sizimandidabwitsa aliyense, Kupatula amene anali mu nkhondo. Malinga ndi makanema, "Schmeisser" kuchititsa umalimbana moto pa mtunda wofanana ngati mfuti mwa asilikali. Komanso, wowerenga pamene kuonera mafilimu izi kuganiza kuti ndodo lonse la oyenda German m'zaka za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, okhala ndi mfuti za makina. Ndipotu, chirichonse chinali chosiyana ndi boma-makina mfuti - si yaikulu mikono wamng'ono wa Wehrmacht, ndi "kuyambira m'chiuno" sikutheka kuwombera kunja kwa iwo, ndipo anaitana si "Schmeisser". Komanso, kuchita kuukira kunkhondo submachine magawano, imene pali omenyana, okhala ndi mfuti sitolo - ichi ndi kudzipha zoonekeratu, ngati ngalande mmodzi sankabwera pansi.

Imagwedeza nthano basi mfuti MP 40

Mikono wamng'ono wa Wehrmacht mu nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse mwalamulo otchedwa SMG (Maschinenpistole) MP-40. Ndipotu, ndi kusinthidwa kwa makina MP 36. Wopanga chitsanzo ichi, mosiyana ndi zimene ambiri amakhulupirira, si gunsmith H. Schmeisser, ndi zotchuka mofanana ndi luso wojambula Genrih Folmer. Ndipo chifukwa iye kotero mwamphamvu munakhala dzina lakuti "Schmeisser"? Chinthu ndi Schmeisser anali ndi setifiketi sitolo, amene ntchito mfuti ili kum'mwera kwa makina. Ndipo kuti kuti asaswe kukopera wake, m'mwezi woyamba zambiri MR 40 pa sitolo wolandila stamped lolembedwa Maluso SCHMEISSER. Pamene makina amenewa anali monga zofunkha kuti asilikali a makamu anagwirizana, iwo ankaganiza kuti wolemba chitsanzo ichi a manja yaing'ono, ndithudi, Schmeisser. Ndicho kwa MP-40 ndi kukonza dzina ili.

Poyamba, German High Lamulo zida zankhondo mfuti yokha lamulirani dongosolo. Motero, m'magulu a oyenda a MP 40 anali kukhala yekha pa atsogoleri battalion, mkamwa ndi maudindo. Kenako mfuti yokha aziwapatsa madalaivala a magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, akasinja ndi paratrooper. Misa ya oyenda palibe zida zankhondo kaya 1941 kapena pambuyo. Malinga ndi miyala ya asilikali a German mu 1941, asilikali 250,000 okha makina MP 40, ndipo pa anthu miliyoni 7,234. Monga mukuonera, submachine mfuti - si chida chachikulu cha nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse. Ambiri, chifukwa nthawi lonse - kuchokera 1939 mpaka 1945 - zinalembedwa 1.2 miliyoni okha makina amenewa ali ziwalo za Wehrmacht udaikidwa anthu oposa 21 miliyoni.

Bwanji zida oyenda MP 40?

Ngakhale kuti akatswiri anazindikira pambuyo pake kuti LL 40 - izi ndi zopambana manja ka nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse m'magulu a oyenda wa Wehrmacht anali wagawo wake. chifukwa chake n'chapafupi: ndi pati osiyanasiyana pa makina pa zolinga gulu ndi 150 okha m, ndi umodzi - 70 mamita Izi ngakhale kuti asilikali Soviet anali atakonzekera ndi Mosin mfuti Tokarev (SVT), akuonadi osiyanasiyana omwe anali 800 mamita gululo. zolinga ndi mamita 400 limodzi. Ngati Germany wagonjetsa ndi zida zotere mwasonyezedwa mafilimu Russian, sakanafuna akhala kukwaniritsa kunkhondo mdani, iwo akhoza kuwomberedwa monga mukapeza lapansi.

Kuwombera pa amapita "kuyambira m'chiuno"

Submachine mfuti MP-40 ndi vibrates yowotcha, ndipo ngati inu ntchito, monga tikuonera mu filimu, ndi zipolopolo zonse zouluka lonse cholinga. Choncho, chifukwa moto ogwira ayenera kutsimikiza anakakamizidwa phewa, titatha kufalitsa mbuyo. Komanso, iwo konse zipolopolo bursts Bola heats mwamsanga kwa makina. Nthawi zambiri anamenyedwa yochepa mkangano makatiriji 3-4 kapena wosakwatiwa moto. Ngakhale kuti makhalidwe ntchito anasonyeza kuti mlingo wa zipolopolo 450-500 pa mphindi, mu kuchita, kuti akwaniritse amenewa chifukwa Sadzapambana.

Ubwino MP 40

Sitingathe kunena kuti manja ka nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse loipa, m'malo mwake, ndi kwambiri, woopsa kwambiri, koma ziyenera ntchito melee lapansi. N'chifukwa chake zida kaye mayunitsi zonyoza zimayenda. Iwo amagwiritsidwanso pa linzake wa asilikali athu ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo kulemekezedwa kwa makina. Ntchito melee opepuka mfuti mkulu-mathamangidwe zidapatsa ubwino chogwirika. Ngakhale tsopano, MP 40 chotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu a oipa, ndipo mtengo wa makina msika wakuda ndi mkulu. Nakamasule iwo kuti "archeologists wakuda," womwe m'malo ulemerero nkhondo una ndipo nthaŵi zambiri ndi kubwezeretsa WWII zida.

mauser 98k

Kodi tinganene chiyani za carbine izi? Ambiri manja yaing'ono Germany - mfuti "Mauser" dongosolo. akuonadi ake osiyanasiyana kulasa mpaka 2000 mamita Monga mukuonera., njirayi ndi ofanana kwambiri Mosin mfuti ndipo SVT. carbine uyu anayamba kupanga mu 1888. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, kapangidwe wakhala kwambiri akweza, makamaka kuchepetsa ndalama, komanso kusalumikizana kupanga. Komanso, mikono wamng'ono wa Wehrmacht anali okonzeka ndi zowoneka telescopic ndi mayunitsi Sniper anali atamaliza. Mfuti "Mauser" dongosolo panthawiyo anali mu utumiki ndi ankhondo ambiri, monga Belgium, Spain, Turkey, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Yugoslavia ndi Sweden.

Self-potsegula mfuti

Kumapeto kwa 1941 mu mayunitsi ndi oyenda wa Wehrmacht mayesero asilikali analandira loyamba basi kudziletsa potsegula mfuti dongosolo Walter G-41 G 41 Mauser. maonekedwe awo chifukwa chakuti Red Army anaima oposa theka miliyoni kachitidwe: SVT-38 SVT-40 ndi ABC 36. Pofuna kuti afikire kwa asilikali Soviet, gunsmiths German mwachangu anali kukhala Mabaibulo awo mfuti izi. Chifukwa cha mayesero izo bwino anazindikira ndipo adamtola ndi G 41 system (Walter dongosolo). mfuti ali okonzeka ndi nyundo mtundu amadza limagwirira. Zokha moto yekha akatemera umodzi. zipolopolo mphamvu za zipolopolo khumi. Izi basi kudziletsa tsegula mfuti anaikira umalimbana moto pa mtunda wa mamita 1,200. Komabe, chifukwa cha kulemera lalikulu la chida, komanso otsika kudalirika ndi kudziwa kuipitsidwa, izo linatuluka mu nkhani yaing'ono. Mu 1943, okonza kugonjetsa zolakwa awa, apereka Baibulo akweza wa G-43 (Walter dongosolo), limene linatuluka mu kuchuluka kwa masekeli zikwi zingapo. Isanafike maonekedwe asilikali ake Wehrmacht ankakonda kugwiritsa ntchito mpikisano mfuti SVT 40 Soviet (!) Yopanga.

Tsopano kubwerera ku German gunsmith Hugo Schmeisser. Iwo yapangidwa machitidwe awiri, popanda zomwe zinabweretsa Wachiwiri World nkhondo.

Mfuti - MP 41

chitsanzo ichi chakhala anayamba molumikizana ndi MP-40. makina anali zimasiyana bwino kuti onse a mafilimu "Schmeisser": a mkono anali nakonza mtengo womwe umateteza womenya ku amayaka, anali aukali kwambiri ndi kuleza barreled. Komabe, mikono wamng'ono wa Wehrmacht si ambiri ndipo akupezeka kwa nthawi yaitali. Total opangidwa za 26 zikwi mayunitsi. Iwo ankaganiza kuti asilikali German anakana makina mogwirizana ndi mlandu ndi olimba ERMA, analengeza oletsedwa kukopera mapulani ake okhala. Mfuti MR 41 kugwiritsa ntchito gawo la Waffen SS. Ndi bwino ntchito mayunitsi Gestapo ndi phiri woyang'anira.

MR 43 kapena StG 44

Kenako chida Wehrmacht (chithunzi m'munsimu) Schmeisser anayamba mu 1943. Choyamba, dzina lake MP 43, ndipo kenako - StG 44, kutanthauza "kumenya mfuti» (sturmgewehr). Izi mfuti yokha mu maonekedwe, ndi zina specifications, akufanana ndi Kalashnikov (amene anadza pambuyo pake), ndipo n'chosiyana kwambiri LL-40. Osiyanasiyana khalidwe umalimbana moto anali mpaka 800 m. Pa StG 44 ngakhale envisaged kuthekera akukonzekera 30 mamilimita grenade Launcher. Chifukwa likuomba kuyambira koyambirira nozzle wapadera mwakuchita mlengi, amene anayika pa kuipanikiza mbali anasintha njira yodutsamo a chipolopolo pa madigiri 32. The kuŵeta zida izi zokha anagunda mu kugwa kwa 1944. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, izo linatulutsidwa pa 450 zikwi za mfuti izi. asilikali ochepa German akhoza kugwiritsa ntchito mfuti zimenezi. StG 44 kum'pereka kwa mayunitsi osankhika a Wehrmacht ndi Waffen SS mayunitsi. Kenako, zida za Wehrmacht anamugwiritsa ntchito Asilikali onyamula zida za GDR.

FG-42 zodziwikiratu mfuti

makope Iwo ankafuna kuti asilikali airborne. Iwo ophatikizana makhalidwe kumenyana za makina mfuti ndi zodziwikiratu mfuti. Development zida ananyamula kotheratu "Rheinmetall" mu nthawi ya nkhondo imeneyi, pamene, pambuyo kufufuza zotsatira za ntchito airborne ikuchitika ndi Wehrmacht, chinapezeka kuti boma makina mfuti MP-38 sitinganene kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za kumenyana mtundu uwu wa asilikali. Mayesero woyamba wa mfuti anali mu 1942, ndipo nthawi yomweyo lalandiridwa. Mu ntchito, anati manja ndi kuziulula zolakwa kugwirizana ndi mphamvu otsika ndi kukhazikika pa mfuti basi. Mu 1944 anawamasulira kuti akweza mfuti FG-42 (Model 2), ndi chitsanzo 1 ndi kunja kupanga. The choyambitsa limagwirira wa chida amalola basi kapena osakwatira moto. Mfuti anaikira muyezo katiriji Mauser 7,92 mm. Magazine mphamvu ndi zipolopolo 10 kapena 20. Komanso, mfuti angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuwombera mfuti mabomba wapadera. Kuti kusintha bata pamene kuwombera pansi mbiya amamangiriridwa bipod. FG-42 mfuti lakonzedwa kuwombera pa mtunda wa 1200 mamita Chifukwa cha kukwera mtengo wamasulidwa zedi zochepa :. okwana mayunitsi 12 zikwi zitsanzo onse.

Luger P08 ndi Walter P38

Tsopano tiyeni tione mtundu wa mfuti zinali mu utumiki ndi asilikali German. "Luger", dzina lake lachiwiri "Parabellum", anali 7,65 mamilimita likungosonyeza. Ndi chiyambi cha nkhondo munali oposa theka miliyoni a mfuti amenewa mu zigawo za dziko la Germany. Mikono wamng'ono wa Wehrmacht zinalembedwa mpaka 1942, kenako alichotsamo ndi wodalirika kwambiri "Walter".

mfuti ili analandira utumiki mu 1940. Iye anafuna kuti moto 9 mamilimita zipolopolo, magazini mphamvu zipolopolo 8. Zipangizo osiyanasiyana kuchokera "Walter" - mamita 50. Iwo anali opangidwa mpaka 1945. Chiwerengero cha chikalata mfuti P38 anali pafupifupi 1 miliyoni mayunitsi.

Zida za Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse: MG 34, MG-42 MG 45

Kumayambiriro 30 ntchentche wa asilikali German anaganiza kukhazikitsa mfuti ya makina amene akhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati makina waukulu, ndipo ngati buku la. Iwo ankayenera kuti moto pa ndege mdani ndi kuikamo akasinja. Kotero anali ndi mfuti MG 34, cholinga ndi olimba "Rheinmetall" ndipo mu utumiki mu 1934. Pa chiyambi cha ntchito ya usilikali mu Wehrmacht, panali pafupifupi 80 zikwi zida izi. The makina mfuti akhoza moto kuwombera limodzi ndi mosalekeza. Kuchita izi, iye anali choyambitsa ndi zamkati awiri. Pamene inu alemba pa akatemera pamwamba anachotsedwa akatemera umodzi, ndipo pamene inu alemba pa m'munsi - queues. Chifukwa izo zimatanthauza Mauser mfuti makatiriji 7,92x57 mm, ndi kuwala kapena zipolopolo lolemera. Ndipo mu 40s iwo yapangidwa ndi ntchito zida kuboola, zida kuboola tracer, zida kuboola incendiary ndi ena mitundu ya zipolopolo. Kuyambira lero kuganiza kuti kutsogolera kwa kusintha mu kachitidwe zida ndi njira ntchito wachiwiri World nkhondo.

Small manja, umene ntchito ku kampaniyo, ndi kudzadza ndi chitsanzo latsopano la makina mfuti - MG-42. Zakhala anayamba ndipo anatengedwa mu utumiki mu 1942. Okonza kwambiri wosalira zambiri ndipo amaona kupanga zida. Choncho, pamene kupanga ake chimagwiritsidwa ntchito malo kuwotcherera ndi mitundu ndi chiwerengero cha mbali zochepa 200. The choyambitsa mfuti amalola kuti akhale pansi review, yekha basi moto - zipolopolo 1200-1300 pa mphindi. asinthire kwambiri anali kungasokoneze mtendere wa wagawo pamene kuwombera. Choncho, kuonetsetsa olondola kuwombera analimbikitsa bursts yochepa. Zipolopolo kwa latsopano makina mfuti ndi mofanana MG 34. Osiyanasiyana umalimbana moto makilomita awiri. Ntchito pa kusintha kwa kapangidwe mpaka mapeto a 1943, zomwe zinachititsa kuti chilengedwe cha masinthidwe atsopano, lotchedwa MG-45.

mfuti ili kulemedwa makilogalamu 6.5 okha, ndi mlingo wa zipolopolo 2,400 pa mphindi. Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, mlingo wofanana wa moto sanathe popitilira wina oyenda makina mfuti nthawi. Komabe, kusinthidwa uyu anabwera mochedwa kwambiri ndi Wehrmacht sanali zida.

Anti-thanki mfuti: PzB 39 ndi Panzerschrek

PzB 39 anayamba mu 1938. Ndi chida Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World, ndi bwino wachibale panayikidwa poyamba kulimbana tankettes, akasinja ndi magalimoto oti muli nazo zida ndi zida zipolopolo. Against akasinja kwambiri oti muli nazo zida (a French B-1, British "Mathilde" ndi "Churchill", Union T-34 KV), mfuti ili chinali mwina osamveka, kapena ngakhale achabechabe. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, posakhalitsa m'malo antitank grenade launchers ndi roketi-injini mfuti "panzerschreck", "Ofenror" ndi wotchuka "Panzerfaust". Mu PzB 39 7.92 likungosonyeza katiriji ntchito mm. Kuwombera osiyanasiyana mamita 100, luso kulola atabayidwa "zikuthwanima" 35 mamilimita zida.

"Panzerschreck". Izi German kuwala odana thanki chida n'zimene kusinthidwa wa "Bazooka" American ndege mfuti. okonza German akhala akupereka khumudwitsidwa ake, amene ankateteza ndi mpweya muvi otentha akuthawira ku mabomba nozzle. Zida izi ngati chinthu chofunikira kwambiri kuti aziwapatsa antitank kampani ainjini mfuti regiments magulu thanki. Kwakusiyana mfuti zinali mwapadera chida champhamvu. "Panzerschreck" ndi chida ntchito gulu ndipo anali kutumikira mawerengedwe, wopangidwa mwa anthu atatu. Chifukwa iwo anali ovuta kwambiri, ntchito zawo chofunika kuwerengetsera maphunziro apadera. Okwana mu 1943-1944 izo linaperekedwa mayunitsi 314.000 mfuti ndipo roketi-injini mabomba oposa mamiliyoni awiri kwa iwo.

Roketi-injini mabomba, "bazookas" ndi "Panzerfaust"

Zaka zoyambirira za Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anasonyeza kuti mfuti antitank sangathe kulimbana ndi ntchito, kotero usilikali German adamfunsa zida antitank, amene angatipatse oyenda, kumvera mfundo ya "moto -. Anaponya" Development wa Buku grenade chopanda chiyambi olimba HASAG mu 1942 (aakulu mlengi Langvayler). Ndiyeno mu 1943 anayamba kupanga. Woyamba 500 "Panzerfaust" analowa asilikali mu August chaka chomwecho. zitsanzo zonse antitank grenade anali ofanana mu kapangidwe: iwo anali wopangidwa ndi mbiya (smoothbore kukopedwa chitoliro) ndi mabomba nadkalibernoy. Pamwamba kunja kwa mbiya welded nyundo limagwirira ndi aiming chipangizo.

"Panzerfaust" ndi limodzi mwa Mabaibulo amphamvu kwambiri "bazookas" imene anayamba kupanga pa mapeto a nkhondo. Yowotcha osiyanasiyana zinali 150 mamita ndi zida - 280-320 mm. "Panzerfaust" anali ntchito mobwerezabwereza kwa chida. Mbiya amaperekedwa ndi grenade mfuti nsinga, lili limagwirira choyambitsa mlandu chopopera anaikidwa thunthu. Komanso, okonza anatha kuonjezera liwiro la mabomba ndege. Opitirira mamiliyoni eyiti grenade Mabaibulo onse zinalembedwa panthawi ya nkhondo. Mtundu wa chida anachititsa awiri kuti akasinja Union. Choncho, mu nkhondo kunja kwa mzinda wa Berlin pafupifupi 30 peresenti ya galimoto oti muli nazo zida zinawonongedwa, ndipo pa msewu kumenyana ku likulu la Germany - 70%.

Pomaliza

Wachiwiri World nkhondo kunathandiza kwambiri pa zing'onozing'ono, kuphatikizapo mfuti zoopsa za dziko, chitukuko ndi ntchito kupezerapo. Kuchokera pa zotsatira zimene Ndizachidziwikire kuti, ngakhale chilengedwe cha zida zambiri zamakono, udindo wa mayunitsi oyenda si yafupika. Zinachitikira atasunga kugwiritsa ntchito zida mu zaka ndi yeniyeni lero. Ndipotu inakhala maziko a chitukuko ndi kusintha kwa manja yaing'ono.