Escalation - ndichiyani? Lingaliro la escalation a mkangano, mkangano chiwawa. mfundo escalation

Escalation - ndichiyani? Mauwa amagwilitsidwa ntchito mabuku sayansi ndi journalistic, koma tanthauzo lake ndi pang'ono kudziwika. Escalation nkhondo ndi zambiri amatchedwa nthawi imene makani akudutsa zigawo zikuluzikulu chitukuko ndi yatsala pang'ono kutha. Mawu akuti amachokera Latin ndipo limatanthauza "makwerero". Escalation limasonyeza nkhondo, patsogolo pa nthawi yodziwika ndi peaking mwapang'onopang'ono nkhondo pakati pa zipani, aliyense kuukira wotsatira, wina kuukira wotsatira pa mdani kapena chipsyinjo amakhala kwambiri kuposa m'mbuyomu. The escalation awiri ndi njira ya chochitika kwa chifooke kulimbana ndi atasemphana.

The mbali ndi mitundu ya escalation

kulemba osiyana ithandiza kuunikila chotero mbali yofunika ya mikangano escalation ndi. Chimene icho chiri, popanda zizindikiro zilizonse za kumvetsa kwenikweni kovuta. Mu panopa zinachitika khalidwe kofunika kunena kuti mndandanda wa katundu amene ikukhudzana makamaka pa nthawi ya escalation osati wina ndi mzake.

dera chidziwitso

zochita khalidwe ndi ntchito itsekeke pang'ono, nthawi ya kusintha kwa mitundu zochepa zovuta za chinyezimiro cha chowonadi.

chithunzi cha mdani

Kuti zotchinga ndi imafoola kuzindikira mokwanira. Kukhala integrally anapanga mdani analogue, Chili anatulukira katundu fictitious akhala kuyambira kupanga pa siteji zobisika za kusagwirizanako. Chifanizo cha mdani ngati chifukwa cha maganizo wazotsatira, anakonzeratu makhalidwe oipa ndi amanenera. Pamene palibe mikangano, ndipo ngakhale chipanichi si kuopseza mwachibale kwa ena, chifaniziro cha mdani ndi mtundu ndale: ndi khola, mokwanira cholinga ndi mkhalapakati. Pakati pake penipeni, izo akufanana ndi zithunzi bwino anasonyeza, fano limene wotumbululuka, chachilengulengu, amaona. Koma mchikakamizo cha escalation a kunadetsa kuoneka mphindi zachiphamaso, yatsoka amene chikwiyire oipa maganizo komanso zochita za otsutsa wina ndi mzake. Nthawi imeneyi, pali ena "symptomatic" zimaonetsa khalidwe nkhondo kwambiri. Mu adani awo amaona munthu, amene si wokhulupirika. Lake aoneke kwa iye akuyembekezera zochita kolakwika ndi zochita - chizindikiro cha njiru, amene Pankhaniyi chifukwa cha deindividualization ankatsutsa pamene mdani ikutha kukhala payekha ndi chimakhala zowombetsa mkota gulu, titero, njila chongoyerekezera, wakhala kuwonjezekeredwa ndi kuchuluka kwa choipa, negativity, chiwawa, zoyipa ndi makhalidwe ena oipa.

maganizo

Chimakula mwamphamvu mantha, chipani ena amataya kulamulira, nzika za nkhondo pa nthawi ya kutaya mwayi kuzindikira zofuna zawo kapena kukumana ndi zosowa zawo.

chidwi anthu

Ubale zonse anakonza mu utsogoleri wolowezana, ngakhale kumalo ozizira ndi otsutsana, kotero mphamvu ya kanthu kumabweretsa zokhudza lalikulu kwambiri zofuna za wakutsutsana. N'kofunika n'chiyani - ndi escalation a mkangano, mwachitsanzo mtundu wa chilengedwe umene zotsutsana kukulitsa ... "Akanati kumalo ozizira" ali mu ndondomeko ya zinthu escalation adzamenyane. Mu yapita awo atasemphana chilengedwe coexistence kotheka, ndipo tsopano sangathe kukhala chiyanjanitso popanda vuto aliyense ya okangana.

chiwawa

Ali ngati chida chabwino mu escalation nkhondo, monga opatsidwa ake chizindikiritso. Mtima wofuna malipilo ndi wakutsutsana ya mavuto chikwiyire munthu waukali, nkhanza, tsankho. The escalation chiwawa, kuti, kulimbikitsa anthu ankhanza, zochita andewu, nthawi zambiri limodzi ichi kapena kuti kusamvetsa.

Phunziro koyamba awiri

Chimazirara kukhala maziko, salinso chimagwira ntchito yapadera, si wofunika kwambiri, cholinga, mkangano tinganene osadalira pa zolinga ndi zifukwa yake zina za chitukuko ndi zitheka ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya magulu chachikulu cha nkhaniyo. The Kukolanaku mu escalation awo amasandulika zowombetsa mkota, koma chofunika kwambiri. Kupanga mfundo zina zokhudzana ndi maphwando ndi chitsutso kale kufalitsidwa m'madera ambiri. Conflictologists kuliika pa izi kuwonjezeka siteji ya okhudza malo ndi wathupi chimango. Izi zikusonyeza kuti ndi mwapang'onopang'ono, kulandira kwambiri chikhalidwe escalation. Kodi izo, ndi momwe zimakhudza nkhani nawo nkhondo kapena kutiona, lidzakhala lilipo kokha pa mapeto a atasemphana ndi kuyang'anitsitsa ake.

Kuonjezera chiwerengero cha nkhani

Ndi kukula atasemphana amapezeka ndi "kubereka" gulu. Kuyambira zosamvetsetseka ndi kusalankhula kuchuluka kwa mabungwe atsopano mkangano omwe alandira lonse kukula mu gululo, ndipo kotero lonse. E. Kusintha kapangidwe mkati mwa gulu, zikuchokera zawo, makhalidwe awo. Unakhazikitsidwa amakhala onse, ndi elucidation ubale akhoza kupita vekitala chosiyana.

Pa nthawi imeneyi, mungathe kulitchula mudziwe kuti ndife odziwa zaubongo. Anaganiza kuti nkhondo iliyonse amazindikira dera kwambiri regresses. Ndipo sikuti zimachitika ndi kukongola wachisokonezo, koma pang'onopang'ono, pokhalabe malamulo enieni.

Stepwise escalation

Ziyenera kukhala kumvetsetsa kuti amaimira njira escalation. Masitepe awiri oyamba angathe kuikidwa m'magulu pansi dzina wamba - vuto Pre ndi chitukuko. Iwo limodzi ndi kuwonjezeka mu kufunika zofuna zawo malingaliro za dziko, sikutheka mantha zinthu mwa bata, kudzera thandizo mwagwirizana ndi zokambirana. kumangika kwa maganizo kumawonjezera nthawi zambiri.

Pa gawo lachitatu akuyamba yomweyo kunakula, ambiri a m'makwinya a zokambirana, maphwando nkhondo ndi kusamukira kanthu, imene pali ena paradoxical. Kuuma, roughness ndi chiwawa, magulu omenyanawa pofuna kusokoneza mzake, kukakamiza mdani kusintha malo ake. Concede sinditi aliyense. Nzeru ndi rationality wa anazimiririka ngati matsenga, ndi chinthu chachikulu chidwi amakhala chifanizo cha mdani.

Mfundo zodabwitsa, koma gawo lachinayi ya nkhondoyo psyche anthu regresses kumlingo kuti amakhala wofanana ndi bongo ndi katundu khalidwe la mwanayo chaka asanu akale. Munthu akukana kuvomereza udindo wina, kumvetsera kwa izo, motsogozedwa pazochita zawo zokha "cholinga". dziko lonse akufufuta "wakuda" ndi "woyera," zabwino ndi zoipa, palibe kukanidwa kapena mavuto saloledwa. Akamanena za nkhondo ndi lomveka ndi achikale.

Mu ndime yachisanu kuphwanya mfundo zokopa abwino ndi zinthu zofunika kwambiri. Onse maphwando ndi zinthu payekha zomwe ndi mdani kupita fano umodzi wa mdani, osati makhalidwe anthu. M'gulumo, anthu awa kupitiriza kulankhula ndi kucheza, kotero akaona n'zokayikitsa kwambiri zotsatira za nkhondo pa nthawi imeneyi.

Kumbali ya mogwirizana chikhalidwe psyche anthu ambiri opanikizika, pali mgwirizano. Mu njira zambiri, kukana maganizo a munthu zimadalira maphunziro ake, mtundu wa malamulo makhalidwe abwino, amene anaphunzira chondichitikira chikhalidwe.

Symmetrical schismogenesis, kapena escalation a sayansi

Fotokozani escalation cha chiphunzitso nkhondo kunja thandizo, anayamba asayansi G. Bateson wotchedwa chiphunzitso cha schismogenesis ofananira. Mawu akuti "schismogenesis" amatanthauza kusintha khalidwe la munthu chifukwa cha socialization ndi kupeza chinthu chachilendo pa mlingo nkhondo lotha ndi intrapersonal. Pakuti schismogenesis pali yachiwiriyo kwa kuwonetseredwa kunja:

1. Woyamba ndi kusintha khalidwe, pamene kanthu mitundu ina ya anthu amene amakhudzana, ndi wowonjezera. Mwachitsanzo, pamene munthu amene akutsutsana ndi kulimbikira, ndi conformal chachiwiri ndi ovomerezeka. Yomwe makhalidwe a nkhani zosiyanasiyana za nkhondo akufotokozera mtundu wa zithunzi wapadera.
2. Chimake chachiwiri alipo yekha pamaso pa chito yemweyo khalidwe, nkuti, onse kuukira, koma ndi osiyana mwamphamvu.

N'zoonekeratu kuti escalation nkhondo akutchula enieni wachiwiri kusintha schismogenesis. Komanso zosiyanasiyana escalation akhoza wachinsinsi. Mwachitsanzo, simungathe udzasokonezedwa ndi kupereka ndi kuwonjezeka nkhawa, ndipo akhale wavy pamene kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino pachimake ndi mwagwirizana otsutsa kuthamanga pa wina ndi mzake ndi anasamutsa uplink, ndiye ndi njira atsikira.

Mawu akuti "escalation" ntchito zosiyanasiyana, osati kuwerenga maganizo ndi Chaanthu. Mwachitsanzo, pali tariff escalation - phindu la mawu amenewa angathe kuwerenga mu insaiklopidia ndalama. Ndi ozizira, pamene kayendedwe ka kuwada bata amapezeka mofulumira kwambiri komanso mosalekeza, ndi zina - ndi waulesi, wosakwiya madzi, ngati si nthawi yaitali kusunga mlingo chomwecho. iwowa nthawi zambiri yodziwika ndi yaitali kapena, ngati iwo amati, nkhondo aakulu.

Chitsanzo cha escalation nkhondo. ziyende bwino

Zabwino escalation a mkangano - ndi mwayi kuthetsa maonekedwe a cholinga chimodzi kuti kuthetsa mwamtendere. Pankhaniyi, mbali zonse muyenera kuti tisanthule ziti ndiponso kusankha malamulo kuti popanda kuphwanya mfundo ndi zikhulupiriro za munthu amene akutsutsana ndi. Komanso, ndizoonekeratu ku sipekitiramu lonse njira zosinthika zakambidwa kusankha zaphindu kwambiri, ndi kukhala iwo kukhala zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotheka zinthu. Komanso, osamvana ayenera bwino kumasulila ndi kukhazikitsa zofuna zawo ndi zinthu, kufotokoza mbali zawo zosiyana, zomwe tiyeneranso kumveka. Zofunika okwana mndandanda kusankha lolingana ndi mfundo za lamulo ladziko ndi chilungamo ndipo kenako kuyamba atanganidwa iwo ntchito zipangizo ndi njira kuti naonso kulandiridwa ndi ovomerezedwa ndi adani onse.

Amanyalanyaza nkhondo, ndithudi, Mulimonsemo zosatheka. Izi zikufanana ndi chosasamala, pamene anthu kusiya nyumba anaphatikizapo chitsulo kapena machesi woyaka - pali chiopsezo cha moto. Kufanizira pakati pa moto ndi nkhondo si mwangozi: ndipo iye ndi wina ndi zosavuta kupewa kusiyana ndi kuzimitsa pambuyo poyatsira. kufunika Wamkulu nthawi chigawo, ndi chifukwa moto ndi kufalitsa zoopsa akangana ndi mphamvu kwambiri. Izi pankakhala mfundo akufanana ndi escalation cha matenda kapena mliri.

The escalation nkhondo kaŵirikaŵiri osokonezeka, chifukwa kutsutsana kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zatsopano, zinthu, ndipo zokhota. Maganizo amabadwa ndi changu ndi kuwasiya magulu onse kutsutsidwa.

Zonsezi zikutithandiza kuona kuti ndi mtsogoleri wodziwa za gulu lililonse kudziwa kuti anthu ake kapena inflames kale loyenda pa mphamvu zonse, kapena tanthauzo aang'ono dissonance kwambiri yomweyo zochita kukonza. Chosalanga ndi mphwayi imeneyi ndiye kuti natsutsa gulu, adzakhululukidwa amavomerezedwa kuuma, wamantha, pusillanimity.

Chitsanzo cha escalation nkhondo. mfundo akufa

Tikumbukenso kuti nthawi zina zionetsero kubweza kapena mabasi. zodabwitsazi alinso chifukwa kuweruza:

• Mmodzi wakutsutsana ndi wokonzeka chilolezo kwawo chifukwa chakuti nkhondo pa chifukwa chilichonse palibe kovomerezeka kwa izo.
• Mmodzi wa otsutsa ndi chilakolako kuyesetsa kupewa mikangano, "dana" kwa icho, monga Kukolanaku amakhala omangika kapena osafunika.
• nkhondo ndi pafupi ndi malo akufa, escalation chiwawa amakhala kanthu ndipo opanda pake.

Akufa malo otchedwa boma la zochitika, pamene atasemphana akubwera amaima, siyani pambuyo chimodzi kapena zingapo zosimba zinalephereka. Kusintha escalation kapena akamaliza mayendedwe chifukwa zinthu zina.

Zinthu za "mfundo akufa"

• atasemphana machenjerero anatsimikizira zinthu osamveka kapena kosagwirizana mwasankha.
• Ndi zinthu zotiyenereza kupitiriza kuthamanga pa mdani, ndipo anakhala ndi kutopa. Iwo amakhala ndi ndalama, nthawi ndi mphamvu ndalama.
• Kupha thandizo kwa anthu a, kupanda yonena za zipani zotsutsana ndi anthu ochirikiza m'malo mwawo.
• Ndalama kuti olumpha mlingo zovomerezeka kapena oyembekezeka.

Mwachikulu kulankhula, imeneyi si yodziwika ndi kusintha Komabe, mmodzi wa zipani zimayambitsa maganizo osiyana kotheratu ku nkhondo ndi njira ya mapeto ake. Pamene mbali ziwirizi converge pa chakuti predominance ya aliyense wa iwo si zotheka, adzayenera kupereka njira, kupereka chigonjetso kapena mgwirizano. Koma akamanena za nthawi imeneyi ndiyo kuzindikira kuti mdani - si mdani, personifies zoipa zonse ndi Zingwe za dziko. Ndi wodziimira ndi woyenera Goliyati, ndi ubwino ndi kuipa, zomwe angathe ndipo ayenera kupeza zinthu wamba, mumafanana. kumvetsa Ichi chimakhala chinthu koyamba kwa kuthetsa mkangano.

anapezazo

Choncho, angalongosolere tanthauzo ndi escalation mawu zokhudza chikhalidwe ndi za chuma, tiyenera kuzindikira kuti kusiyana mu masanjidwe zosiyanasiyana ndi zitsanzo, ndipo zotsatira zake angasankhe ophunzira mu nkhondo, chifukwa izo zimatengera iwo, mmene iwo ali wakutheker kugonjetsa zotsutsana ndi mmene chisoni adzakhala zotsatira zake.