Kodi mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo, ndi amene - Luso?

Mawu a chinenero cha Chirasha ndi lalikulu kwambiri. Koma palibe wasayansi-zilankhulo analephera kulemba dikishonare yonse, kuti akanakhala zimaonekera ndi kuwamasulira, mwamtheradi mawu onse. Ngakhale wotchuka Dal dictionary, munali nambala yaikulu mayunitsi lexical chiripo, sifikira chinenero kwathunthu. Mawu kuonekera mu chinenero m'kupita kwa zochita za anthu, pamene akufotokozera kapena invents latsopano. Pamodzi ndi mphatso zosasewera pomaliza amene amadziwa ambiri, m'chilankhulo pali anthu amene anali magulu yochepa ya anthu. Iwo adzakhala nzika ya kuilingalira. Nkhaniyi ati awulule chimene mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo, Luso, jargon.

Obscheupotrebitelnaya mawu

Zambiri za mawu, amene ntchito ndi ambiri kuyankhula mu Russian, amatanthauza wamba, kuti anthu amene ali bwino kwa aliyense. Tower, nyumba, tebulo, mpando, nyanja, buku, nkhalango, munda, mtsinje ndi ena ambiri. Iwo ntchito mosachotsera, kaya zapaderazi, malo okhala, moyo ndi msinkhu.

mawu onsewa zidzasankhidwa ndi phindu ndi mawonekedwe kalembedwe mbali ya kulankhula: adjectives kapena kasewenzetsedwe ka mau, manauni ndi manambala, akuti, adverbs.

Komanso mawu awa ali oyenera wina wa masitayilo kulankhula: zimagwirira ntchito mofanana mu ntchito zinazi ndi boma, ndi kalembedwe journalistic.

Chinthu china - ndi mawu okha ntchito. malamulo zikugwirizana ndi dera linalake, ntchito, zaka kapena gulu chikhalidwe. Musanayambe ntchito kulankhula, m'pofunika kudziwa Mthandizi zinthu ndi kulankhula bwino mukudziwa chimene mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo, ndi zimene - Luso. mawu awa kusiyana ndi chakuti munthu mu msewu, iwo sindikumvetsa ndi yovuta kumvetsa, ngakhale yonse.

dialecticism

Neobscheupotrebitelnuyu mawu anapanga kusiyanitsa, malinga ndi mmene mfundo ndi zochepa. Izi kudziwa zimene mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo, ena ukadaulo ndi ena slang. Kuyamba disassemble choyamba.

Russia - dziko ndi lalikulu kwambiri, amakhala unyinji wa anthu, ndipo aliyense m'gawo pali zizindikiro amene bwino kokha kwa anthu ake. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti iwo onse ali wapadera pakati pa mawu wamba, komanso atolankhani bwinobwino zimene mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo. Akamakambirana ndi munthu sadziwa mtundu lexical a m'madera awo, onyamula mawu "lophimba" m'chilankhulo chinenero.

Takambirana kale anafotokoza zimene mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo zitsanzo zawo achuluka: Kusuta Don Cossacks otchedwa nyumba, ndi yozizira kumpoto kwa dziko amatchedwa yekha utakula rye.

mitundu chilankhulo

Tiyeneranso anati za magulu a mawu chilankhulo, malingana anachokera ndi kalembedwe chidzalo ali:

1. Lexical. Iwo amene ali mawu chosiyana, mosiyana ndi ofanana chinenero wakagwiritsidwe: Beet - Beet, lamba - lamba Tsibulya - anyezi ndi ena.
2. Ethnographic. mawu awa alibe analogues aliyense mu chinenero adazindikira mwa dziko lonse. Nthawi zambiri - awa ndi mayina a mbale, makhalidwe chikhalidwe ndi mitundu: wickets - Karelian mapayi zopangidwa rye mtanda manarka - chovala ndi ena.
3. Lexical-zamalankhulidwe. Iwo ndiwo amene mu malo ena anapatsidwa mtengo ena kuposa ambiri amadziwira. Mwachitsanzo, m'madera ena, mawu a pakamwa kukutanthauza bowa, kupatula porcini, ndi mawu imatchedwa mlatho pansi pa nyumbayo.
4. Phonetic. gulu ili mukuimira m'zilembo bychnyh zosinthika katchulidwe ka mawu. Choncho, tiyi kutchulidwa ndi woyamba consonant [N], ndi munda - ndi koyamba [IV]. mitundu amenewa kuti pali m'madera kum'mwera ndi kumpoto.
5. Kodi mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo mawu mapangidwe? Omwe asintha katchulidwe chizindikiro awo kapena powonjezera kapena kuchotsa affixes zosiyanasiyana (mizu, ndi tanthauzo la mawu, anakhalabe maonekedwe): Guska - wamkazi tsekwe pokeda - koma dharma - pachabe.
6. Morphological. mawu amatengedwa kalembedwe amasintha mawonekedwe ake. Choncho, mneni nkhope 3 akhoza kukhala mapeto zofewa iye ide [mamita] (yachibadwa), izo ide [akhale], kapena akuti munthu mu malangizo mlandu mathero phindu TH chimodzi: ine (ponseponse) - Ine.

Kuyankhula za zimene mau amatchedwa chilankhulo, tisaiwale kuti nthawi zambiri angapezeke osati malo enieni, komanso mabuku. Mwachitsanzo, ambiri a iwo mu ntchito za F. Abramov, V. Astafieva, Sholokhov, Nikolai Gogol. Ameneyu ayenera kukhala wolemba kusonyeza kukhudza wapadera m'madera ena, m'midzi, kapena m'midzi ing'onoing'ono.

mawu

Tathandauzira ndi kumvetsa zomwe mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo. Ndipo zimene professionalisms ankaganiza? Kodi kusiyana pakati pa iwo, ndi chifukwa iwo amakhala ndi kagawo kakang'ono wapadera mu mawu neobscheupotrebiteloy?

mawu awa okha mwa anthu: ntchito kapena sayansi ya dera. mphatso amenewa amasiyanitsa m'magulu awiri lalikulu mawu ndi Luso. Kuyamba, tiyeni tiyambe.

Akuti imalongosola mfundo ya sayansi, chodabwitsa khalidwe la madera osiyana (za sayansi, luso kupanga). Zigawo za m'mbuyomo, akulankhula za zimene mau amatchedwa chilankhulo, ife ananena kuti aliyense wa iwo ali ndi tanthauzo kapena defintsiya. Izi ziri chimodzimodzi kusiyana ndi terminology ndi: bwino, kumva, koma mabuku tanthauzo la Kuganizira liwu limeneli limatanthauza.

mitundu ya mawu

magulu awiri kusiyana pakati zosiyanasiyana mawu:

1. ntchito Scientific. Kodi amene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'munda wanu uliwonse wa nzeru; kuyesa Wonenedwa, anachita. mawu awa ntchito nthawi zambiri.
2. Special. Iwo ali m'munda wanu uliwonse, makamaka a sayansi: zilankhulo (zovuta syntactic umodzi), zamoyo (a stamen, ndi poyambira), Masamu (mzere, ndege), kuwerenga maganizo (phlegmatic mtima, maganizo).

Kusiyana kwina pakati pa mawu - descriptiveness awo kwambiri. Wina mawu amenewo m'malo ndi wina chimodzimodzi chodziwikiratu okha mawu kapena chiganizo. Khalidwe khalidwe la chinenero chamakono Russian mukhoza kutengedwa ngati malowedwe a mawu kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku. Kotero, ife sanazengereze ntchito mu tsiku ndi tsiku mawu mtsinje, madzi, mpweya. Koma zonse - mawu Hrs, amene mu tanthauzo sayansi.

Luso

Tinakambirana pafupifupi onse mawu kuchokera malire chabe, amakamba za mawu amene mawu amatchedwa chilankhulo chimene - Luso. Zitsanzo za yotsirizira kufotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane mu gawo limeneli.

Motero, mawu amene amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu ndondomeko kupanga kapena kafukufuku, ndipo adzatchedwa katswiri. Kodi pali kusiyana pakati pa iwo ndi mawu chiyani? Popeza kuti yotsirizira ndi tanthauzo zawo sangakhale mu mawu akatswiri. Iwo kwambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulankhula ndi akusonyeza zipangizo, njira, zipangizo ndi zina zotero. mawu awa ukunenedwa kuti magawowa kulankhulana ogwira ntchito yopanga.

Ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito Luso delimit madera amene anthu ntchito ntchito zina: Anthuwa, madokotala, typographers, omanga, etc.

jargon

A gulu osiyana ali ndi mawu wachokera ku magulu ena okhudzidwa: wachinyamata (slang), katswiri msasa jargon ndi argot otchedwa - chinenero wapadera mu Chirasha, zomwe kulankhula ndi mbala, kupemphapempha ndi ena.

Mukhoza kumva slang - chinenero cha achinyamata ndi ana asukulu. Mawu monga lecturer, dormitory, mchira, ozizira, wapamwamba zimachitika gulu ili paliponse.