Archaism: Zitsanzo m'zinenero Russian ndi English

Archaisms - si mawu achikale, ndipo anthu ambiri omwe asamukira ku gulu chifukwa maonekedwe a mawu atsopano. Mwachitsanzo, lero palibe wina amati ndakatulo ndime mawu zitha kupezeka mu mabuku, zisudzo, kapena kulankhula tsiku ndi tsiku kuti kupereka nditaona kapena wokwezeka kamvekedwe. Nthawi zina n'chimodzimodzi m'malo mawu lonse palokha, koma tanthauzo lake lexical. Mwachitsanzo, mawu akuti "kuuka". Izo ntchito lero amatanthauza "kulera kupanduka, kuti kutsutsa chinachake, kubadwanso, woukitsidwayo," ndipo ali mkulu stylistic ochekenera. Koma kamodzi mu Russia, kunali banja wamba, lomwe lakhala likugwiritsidwa ntchito kutanthauza 'atadzuka, kudzuka pa mapazi anu. " Kapena chitsanzo china: "Musaganize chisoni m'mimba mwake!" Kutanthauza "Musati kulekera moyo wanga!" Monga mukuonera, mawu mimba ya chinenero cha Chirasha zisungidwe, koma phindu lake zasintha. Ndipo m'lingaliro "moyo" mawu oti "mimba" - ndi chachikale chinkawavuta. Zitsanzo za zinthu zina: cravat (lexical ndi phonetic archaism masiku ano ponena - "kumanga"); Atate! (Galamala archaism, "Atate" ndi mu vocative case, umene chilankhulo ano Russian si ntchito); chimwemwe (derivation archaism, lero mawu akuti "chimwemwe" ndi suffix si ntchito).

mwapadera ayenera kukhala zamalankhulidwe anachronism. Zitsanzo za archaisms ngati zapatsidwa pamwambazi ( "mimba" m'lingaliro "moyo"). Iwo amadziwa kuti owerenga kupanga koma tanthauzo losiyana, kotero kuti pali mavuto kumvetsa malemba. Nthawi zambiri archaisms zamalankhulidwe opezeka mabuku achipembedzo. Mwachitsanzo, "mdani" - ndi chiwanda, "chithumwa" - si chinthu chokongola ndiponso wosangalatsa, ndi mayesero chopita ku tchimo, "mawu" ( "Pachiyambi panali Mawu") - uyu si gulu la kulankhula, ndipo malingaliro. Pakati chachikale chinkawavuta ndi zamakono lofanana akhale wochenjera kwambiri zamalankhulidwe kugwirizana. "Kukongola" atha kukhala mayesero, koma m'njira zamakono za mawu akuti "ulemerero" ali ndi mtundu zabwino - sikuti aliyense chinthu wokondeka uchimo. mokoma amenewa ndi ofunika kwambiri kwa kumvetsa bwino tanthauzo la ntchito. Ngakhale olemba ndi zamakono monga Anna Akhmatova, angapezeke mawu archaisms. Zitsanzo kuchokera mabuku achuluka: mawu chachikale chinkawavuta angapezeke onse prose ndi ndakatulo. Chakumapeto iwo ndi udindo wapadera, kupereka okwera, thandizo melodiousness chotero kuyang'ana achilengedwe.

Archaisms mu English: Zitsanzo

"Mawu Old", kapena "mawu chachikale chinkawavuta" (T. E. Archaisms), mu Chingerezi akhoza wachinsinsi pafupifupi momwe Russian. Ngakhale, ndithudi, ali ndi makhalidwe yake kugwirizana ndi dongosolo kalembedwe ka chinenero Komabe, tingaupeze pafupifupi mitundu yonse ya archaisms wa tatchulazi.

Mwachitsanzo, iwe - inu (m'malo mwa iwe) - kwambiri omveka ndi chidwi archaism. Zitsanzo zosonyeza mawu: iwe - inu (m'malo ano inu), ndipo ako - wako (mawu amakono - anu). Inde, kamodzi panali pamtima "inu" mu English, koma lero, amene ife sakadaifika kufika, tiyenera kunena "inu" kuti ndi Inu. "Inu" mu English yazye mwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono. kawirikawiri, koma mawu angapezeke lero. Mwachitsanzo, mu wotchuka nyimbo ya Metallica dzina Unfirgiven ali ndi mzere: - ". Kotero ine dzina iwe osakhululukika" "Kotero ine dub iwe osakhululukika" Ndithudi, izi ndi chachikale chinkawavuta wapadera. Zitsanzo za mawu ena lotha sali zimasonyeza kusintha chikhalidwe ndi maganizo miyoyo ya anthu Chingelezi:

1. kuno - "pano" (tsopano -. Apa). mawonekedwe a kuno, ngakhale lotha lero unalembedwa kumayambiriro kwa amakono a Chingelezi. Akulu mawonekedwe - hider, anabwera kuchokera ku chinenero protogermanskogo. Komabe, ngakhale kufanana uku ndi uku adzadziwire pakati pawo. "Pano" anachokera ku mawu chosiyana limatanthauza "kukhala mu malo awa," kuno ndi mthunzi yosiyaniranapo tanthauzo - "kusuntha pano", n'zosadabwitsa pali ndi idiomatic akuti ndi mtengo wa "mmbuyo ndi mtsogolo" - uku ndi uku.

2. pakati - ". Pakati pa" n'chimodzimodzi monga ntchito lero - pakati. Monga n'zosavuta kuona kuti mawu ustrevshee nawo derivation wa lexical wagawo ano.

3. Mverani kapena harken - ". Kumvera" Magwero ena amanena kuti ndi historicism, kuti ndi chinthu chakale mawu amene alibe analogues chinenero chamakono, koma otanthauzira yachilendo Tingaone amalembedwa chachikale chinkawavuta. Kachiwiri, kulankhulana kumvera ndi kumva (masiku ano. "Mverani") wakhala malinga otanthauzira etimpologicheskim, kotero kunena kuti izo zikutanthauza chodabwitsa kuti wasoŵa kapena agwera kusagwiritsiridwa kwake, sikutheka.

Koma mawu si archaism phaeton. Ndipotu, chaises, lotseguka strollers zinayi matayala, amene achoka ntchito, ndipo nthawizonse kukhalabe nzika ya m'mbuyomu.

Choncho, historicism - kuti ndi Khalidwe chi. Mawu amenewa chinthu chakale ndi zochitika kapena zinthu zimene akunena. Archaisms - ndi chinthu chakale mawu unit. Iwo akhala bwino ntchito lero, ngati iwo anali anakankhira mitundu yatsopano.