"Discus zibuluma" (Miron): mbiri ya fanolo

"Discus zibuluma" (Myron) ali kuboma monga chitsanzo cha sculptural ulemerero wa nthawi chakale mu luso wakale Greece. Fano ili chosonyeza maliseche mnyamata, woseŵera amene akukonzekera kuponya zida masewera. Kodi kotero chidwi chosema ichi, chimene adalemekeza wolemba ake, Miron, kwa zaka zambiri? Amene imamveka - munthu winawake, ndi Olympic mulungu? Izi adzaphunzilanso pa nkhani imeneyi. Apa amangotchula ananena kuti "Discus zibuluma", pamodzi ndi mphete, ndi chizindikiro cha boma cha Games Olympic. chizindikiro monga chinatsimikizira mizu wakale wa mwambo umenewu zamasewera.

Myron ndi sukulu yake

Mwatsoka, sitingathe kupereka masiku enieni a kubadwa ndi imfa ya mbuye. Ife tikungodziwa chinachake za moyo wake, ndipo ichi chosachokera kwa m'nthawi pakamwa, ndi zolembedwa ndi olemba wakale, amene kwambiri ntchito yake. Ngati timakhulupirira Pliny, woyambitsa "The Discus zibuluma" anabadwa mu zaka za m'ma chachisanu BC mu eleutheria - tauni yaing'ono malire a zigawo ziwiri mwa Atichnoy Greece - Boeotia ndi Attica. Ambiri mwina, bambo ake sanali ziboliboli. Myron kusukulu Argos mu Ageladas. Naye ziboliboli wotchuka uyu Phidias natenga maphunziro Polycleitus. Luso lawo, monga Pausanias, Myron anadzakhala nzika ya dziko Athens. Izo zinali ndiye ulemu waukulu. Ntchito mu Athens, Miron analandira malangizo a mizinda ina kupanga ziboliboli milungu, ngwazi, othamanga ndi nyama. Komanso, wotchuka ngati osula golidi aluso ntchito ndi siliva.

zolengedwa zina Miron

Sitingathe kunena kuti kuzindikiridwa ndi kutchuka kukanidwa ndi ziboliboli izi. M'malo mwake, "mafashoni" izo mbe pa moyo wa mlengi ndi chiyani sudzatha mpaka mapeto a masiku amakedzana. Aroma mobwerezabwereza ntchito zake mu ankaikoperakopera. Ndipo ngakhale yoyambirira yeniyeni onse Myron incisor tatayika, ife mukudziwa momwe iwo anayang'ana. Ena mwa ziboliboli akhala moyo imeneyi mu ndime (mwachitsanzo, Beguna Lada). Cicero ndi Pliny kutchula zifaniziro za ambuye wotchuka mu Efeso, malo opatulika a Asclepius mu Sicilian Akraganta, mu wakwawo kwa mphunzitsi wake Argos, mu Boeotian Orchomenus, zilumba za Aegina ndi Samo. Koma koposa zonse izo zinabweretsa n'kukhutira kuti ziboliboli za, "Athena ndipo Marsyas" ndi "Discus zibuluma". Myron komanso graced a ku Atene acropolis chosema gulu "Hercules ndi Perseus." Images wa Zeu, Sitimayo inagunda Athena ndi Hercules asangalatsidwa Anthony, anatenga chosema ndi Samo ndipo anaika iwo mu Alexandria. A ng'ombe zamkuwa pa pedestal opangidwa ndi nsangalabwi anabweretsedwa kuchokera Athens ku Rome.

Izo zinawoneka ngati pachiyambi?

Tikhoza amanena kuti "Discus zibuluma" - fano, kuponyedwa mu zamkuwa. Mwatsoka, silinafike waliteteza. Mwina, mwachidule anasungunuka kapena kuwonongedwa pa Ages Middle. Tikhonza kuona nokha kuti ichi pulasitiki, ofunda yofiira zina monga mkuwa, anadutsa minofu kuimba "khungu loderako." chosema ichi anayesa kubwereza Osema Roma. Monga chuma anawasankha zambiri zosagwira nsangalabwi. Koma adafunsira eni ndipo anali aukali kwambiri. Komanso, otsatira zina wasintha pamapeto pa mutu. Mwachitsanzo, ena wothamanga makope tione amayesetsa osati pa galimoto, ndipo pansi. The bwino Roma nsangalabwi fano la kubwerezabwereza ali anasonyeza mu Museum National ku Rome. Linapezeka mu 1781 pa Esquiline Hill. zidutswa imatchedwanso wa chosema - ndi torso, dzanja ndi litayamba ndi, mutu wa wochita mpikisano. Iwo anali mu zakale wa Berlin, Florence, Vatican City, Munich, Basel.

Chifukwa "Discus zibuluma"?

Myron sanali ziboliboli woyamba kusonyeza projectile zibuluma. Mu Greece wakale, unali mwambo kukhazikitsa zipilala kwa opambana kupikisana. Ife tikudziwa chosema zibuluma, komanso othamanga ndi akatswiri ena anachita mu nthawi chachikale chinkawavuta. Komabe, iwo onse tisangalatse ndi malo amodzi awo. Iwo amayang'ana kovuta. Iwo - mnyamatayo, atapanga mu "wodziwika" malo: kutsogolo pang'ono mwendo lamanzere, kudzanja lamanja galimoto kapena amathamangira. Nthawi chakale mu luso la Greece wakale anafuna zambiri. Kujambula "Discus zibuluma" Myron anayesa kusonyeza kuti munthu mothamanga. zamkuwa ndi analandidwa mwachidule mphindi imodzi, pamene ambiri ikulendewera dzanja amaundana kwa mphindi musanayambe kupanga kuponya komaliza. Ndipo izi boma la mpumulo zoyenda, ndife makamaka chidwi.

Amene akuimira "Discus zibuluma"?

Fano akutiimilira mwangwiro anapanga mnyamata. Malinga ndi malamulo a Games Olympic, anali wamaliseke. Ndani uyu wopambana ayenera ya mpikisano pa chimbale kuwaza? Ife sitikudziwa. Ngakhale kuyang'ana pa nkhope ya fanolo, ife zizidagwidwe lingaliro lirilonse la chithunzi chikhalidwe. City anatumiza nzika nawo mu Games, sanafune ulemerero wake, ndi wake. Limeneli ndi "pang'ono dziko wothamanga" wakhala moyo imeneyi mu zamkuwa, osati munthu weniweni. Malinga ndi malamulo a nthawi chakale, ndi impassive nkhope ya mnyamata mosiyana ndi mphamvu wathunthu wa thupi. chosema linakonzedwa zimene kuyang'ana pa izo zikanakhala kuchokera kutsogolo. "Discus zibuluma" mokwanira kuwuluridwa ndi udindo uwu. Photo anatengedwa kumanzere ndi chosema kuchepetsa ndi shrunken penapake chosakwanira, anataya buku.