JavaScript: Ntchito ntchito. chinenero mapulogalamu JS

Mfundo zili zazikulu kupanga ukonde-ZOTHANDIZA akhala ponseponse. tsamba malo amodzi ndi zidindo Web kapangidwe anamaliza ntchito yawo.

Komabe, masiku ano ukonde-gwero alibe ayenela kuimilidwa ndi ya masamba kwaiye polumikiza ndi polimbikitsa osatsegula (JS + AJAX).

Web ofotokoza zapamwamba panthawi ya kufika kwa kumalowa kukhala angapo maudindo kwa umboni, ena lemba mu «mutu», mizera yochepa ya malamulo mu «thupi» ndipo onse. Otsala "pakati" pa ndondomeko ya mlendo - ndi malo abwino, kapena wokhala kukhala chimodzi.

Ikani malongosoledwe ndi chikhalidwe cha ntchito

опыт, наработаный многими десятилетиями. JavaScript - ndicho zaka zinachitikira narabotany. Iwo ali mbiri kwambiri chitukuko masiku ano oyenerera gulu ndiAmene kutukula. Language bwino ndinaganiza, wodalirika wokongola ndi kupereka mwayi weniweni kwa kutukula kulemba malamulo a zaukhondo ndi kudzikonda kusintha.

Lingaliro la aligorivimu ndi ndi ntchito kuno kulibe mfundo. Kumene, mapulogalamu akhoza kulikonse pa tsamba amaika script malamulo kuika mu izo ndipo izo aphedwe. страницы? Koma kodi mfundo imene code, amene anaphedwa kamodzi kokha: pamene tsegula (kutsegulaso) tsamba? Kodi n'zotheka kukhazikitsa mfundo koyamba zimene ena zosintha zonyozeka.

Script - malo awa ndi malongosoledwe lamanja la zosintha ndi ntchito, osati chidutswa wabwino wa malamulo olembedwa chifukwa chenicheni. Ndi mndandanda wa ntchito n'kofunika ndi zofunika, mwina - kugwirizana wawo ukhale mwachindunji, koma nthawi zambiri zosiyana. Place kufotokoza ntchito ndi malo tanthauzo lake si chinthu chomwecho.

Sikuti kuti ntchito adzaitana Ntchito inanso mwachindunji, koma izo zikhoza kuchitidwa mwa njira zina mwa mapangidwe malamulo zazikulu. Alendo amatenga chisankho mwa ndondomekozi ndi ntchito ntchito yosiyana dongosolo.

mphamvu zinchito

mphamvu zinchito - si osati handlers kwambiri anatumizidwa zinthu tsamba udindo amene amapanga zinthu mwa tsamba, ndi handlers yomweyo, nawonso kusintha.

kanthu udzachitika pa tsamba, malingana ndi nyengo ndi khalidwe mlendo pa izo. Movement wa mbewa, kiyibodi, mabatani, kudina, zochitika, zinthu ndi zina zimalambira Launch mwa ntchito zofunikira.

Poyamba palibe kugwirizana ndi palibe kufanana. Pali munthu amene chokwanira zochitika the web-gwero. Kodi kudya JavaScript amakwaniritsa ntchito makamaka zimadalira ambiri luso (computer, mizere kulankhulana) ndi zamalankhulidwe (mfundo aligorivimu, m'dera nkhani, kutanthauza vuto) Zinthu.

Ndipotu akhoza kutsutsa kuti chinachake ntchito mu zochitika, koma chinachake adzatembenuza pambuyo chinachake, koma tanthauzo la izi wapadera si. Nkofunika kuti ntchito JavaScript - ndi mwayi kulenga munthu amene zokwanira zochita za mlendo.

Izi maganizo atsopano mu kapangidwe: processing anagawira mu kuya kwa osatsegula limodzi!

The malembedwe kwa zosintha ndi ntchito

JavaScript-zosintha anayikidwa mu opatsidwa «script», ndipo mu thupi la kugwira ntchito. Nchito anafotokozedwa njira yomweyo. pyakufunika kulemba mkati kugwira ntchito pali ntchito ina, koma kungakhale kofunika zifukwa zosiyanasiyana, ndipo n'zomveka ndithu.

Kufotokozera za ntchito zambiri akuyamba ndi nfundo yaikhulu «ntchito», kenako dzina lake, mndandanda wa mfundo parentheses, ankasiyana mipatuliro, ndi thanzi mu braces.

Mu chitsanzo ichi, ntchito awiri akufotokozedwa kuti kupereka AJAX-kuwombola pakati pa tsamba ndipo pa makina. Mwina scXHR tafotokozazi, chifukwa zikupezeka onse InitXML, ndipo mkati WaitReplySC.

Ntchito dzina ndi chizindikiro "ntchito"

Pali waperekedwa Baibulo asynchronous pamene JavaScript-ntchito ntchito amatchedwa pambuyo Seva ayankhe. Choncho, kulandira ayankhe kuchokera pa makina, WaitReplySC accesses tsamba chiziwitso, amadzaza zimene timaphunzira ndipo chimapangitsa zinthu zina, amene angakhale kuyambitsa Pempho lotsatira makina.

Apa ndi chofunika kudziwa kuti WaitReplySC - ntchito. scXHR.onreadystatechange = WaitReplySC она передается как параметр. Koma mu mzere scXHR.onreadystatechange = WaitReplySC ndi imfa monga chizindikiro ndi. Izi ambiri ulamuliro kutengerapo ntchito kuti ntchito zina monga magawo. m'mabokosi zisonga nawapatsa chizindikiro chake (s) - Ntchito adzakhala anaphedwa nthawi yomweyo. Adalemba dzina kokha, komanso ndiye. Ntchito kuitana adzapanga amene muli dzina lake.

The magwiridwe akuyendera kudzera AJAX, limakupatsani kuitanira JavaScript ntchito kupyolera deta analandira kwa makina. Ndipotu kutumiza pempho makina, mmodzi kapena mbali zina konse "kudziwa" omwe liziyenda iye akutembenuka, ndi zomwe.

Kunja ntchito ndi zotsatira zake

Thupi la kugwira ntchito, mukhoza kulemba ntchito iliyonse chinenero, amene kwenikweni, chifukwa cholinga. mbali mkati zosintha ananena mkati ndi kunja, koma osati iwo amene amatchedwa ntchito zina.

Ngati mukufuna kugwira ntchito kubwerera chifukwa, mungathe kugwiritsa ntchito JavaScript kubwerera mawu akuti: kubwerera. Thupi la ntchito angakhale okwanira mawu kubwerera. Sikuti onse a iwo adzabwerera chifukwa cha mtundu womwewo.

Childs, kutukula ndi akulemekezedwa mwayi uwu ndi, zoopseza, zongowasiyira kugwira ntchito posachedwapa.

Sikuti kupyola mu aligorivimu lonse ntchito, pamene inu mukhoza kutenga kale.

mfundo ntchito

Mfundo zonse zapita kuti mndandanda ntchito, ankasiyana mipatuliro, ndi unazunguliridwa mu parentheses, ndipo pambuyo dzina lake. mfundo ntchito maina variable, koma inu angaphunzitse mfundo mwachindunji. Pochitika ntchito JavaScript mu ntchito yake, inu muyenera kuti musankhe dzina popanda m'mabokosi.

Mkati ntchito lilipo mfundo variable lomwe lili ndi kutalika katundu. Inu angatanthauze ntchito iliyonse mkangano mwa mfundo [0], mfundo [1], ... kukangana otsiriza [arguments.length-1].

Kusintha ntchito kutsutsa kwenikweni mkati kugwira ntchito koma osati kunja. Kuti kusintha chinachake kunja kugwira ntchito, ndi woyendetsa ayenera kugwiritsa ntchito JavaScript kubwerera, amene kudali phindu chofunika kunja.

Pambuyo kugwira ntchito Atamaliza, onse amene anali kugwirizana ndi kukhazikitsa adzawonongedwa. Pa kuphedwa kwa ntchito mwina kusintha zosintha kunja, kupatula zokhazo zimene zafotokozedwa mu zinthu zina, kuphatikizapo m'katikati.

Tili mfundo callee chuma, zomwe cholinga kuitanira ntchito imene imagwiridwa nthawi zina. Ngati chifukwa lokha JavaScript buku la ntchito mu ntchito ya litsatira recursion.

kugwiritsa ntchito

The kuganizira za ntchito - kutumikira mwambo osatsegula. Kuti tichite zimenezi pafupifupi opatsidwa ali ndi luso mwachindunji dzina chochitika ndi ntchito opanga wake. Mukhoza kukhazikitsa zochitika angapo, koma chochitika chilichonse akusonyeza ntchito imodzi yokha.

ntchito limodzi angathe kugwira zinthu angapo tsamba ndi zochitika ochepa. Kudzera njira «izi» mungasinthe ntchito mudziwe kumene anali kutchedwa.

The ntchito tingachipeze powerenga za JS-ntchito - ndi handlers chochitika pa nyengo. Mu chitsanzo ichi scfWecomeGo () Ntchito kapena scfWelcomeCancel () lotchedwa mu mawonekedwe athandizira / linanena bungwe la mlendo, ndipo pamene posankha opaleshoni mode scfMenuItemClick (izi).

Zikatero, ndi chizindikiro ankadutsa «izi», amene amalola kudziwa mozizwitsa chiyani diva ankatchedwa. Kwenikweni, JavaScript kotero qualitatively anapatsa mu ufumu, ndipo kotero conveniently limakupatsani kuyenda zanyengo, kusonkhanitsa zofunika kuti masamba mphamvu akhoza kungoyankha kukhala sizimadziwika.

Ntchito alibe kubwerera chingwe, nambala, kapena ntchito zina. Iwo akhoza kubwerera zonse HTML-chinthu, chomwe ndi chiwerengero cha zinthu, ndi handlers awo, zochitika zawo.

Poika mchitidwe pa tsamba, mapulogalamu ndi kutitengera magwiridwe atsopano kuti ndi wabwino mawu kuthetseratu vuto kukakumana ndi zofuna za alendo, koma kovuta mawu kukhazikitsa.

Popeza chitukuko cha amenewa bwinobwino, zosavuta kusochera code mbadwa, mu kuyitana ntchito, mu mphindi pamene anapanga kapena kuti zili wina wa tsamba. Asanadye malangizo amenewa chitukuko, sitidzawatsekereza bwino kulemera zonse.

Pa kufalitsidwa kwa maganizo

mapulogalamu ali kuganiza pa mlingo wa mbali zonse za tsamba, pa zinthu zonse, ndipo ndi ulaliki bwino mmene zonse kwenikweni zimachitika. N'zovuta, koma ntchito mumapindula.

Mu JavaScript, kugwira ntchito akhoza anachedwa mpaka zinthu zina, ndi ziwalo achuluke, ndi zochitika ali ndi chizolowezi kufalitsa ndi kulowa "dera la aone" wa mapurosesa zosiyanasiyana.

Muchisanzo chimenechi, kwinakwake pamaso ntchito unkatchedwa, amene anayambitsa ndi item file navigation menyu. Amaganiza paging, kuti ndi zenera owona asanu ndi awiri, amene akhoza kuchotsedwa ndi kukonzedwa. Ikhoza kusunthidwa monga file mwa kuwonekera pa mzere, ndi makiyi muvi ndi zidutswa za mizere zisanu ndi ziwiri.

Pa mayesero onsewa ndi ntchito yake. M'mawu ena, muchisanzo imeneyi, muyenera kulemba angapo ambiri zinthu zimene angachite kuti zochitika zosiyanasiyana, ndi zina izi adzakonza zosiyanasiyana zimene mungachite ndi zinthu zimene zinachitika sizinali zake.

Mwachitsanzo, pamene kuchotsa mzere pansi ayenera osamukira upwardly. Izi zimafuna kapena kupanga kusankha latsopano limene ponseponse ndipo bwino ndalama, kapena kuwerenga mizere, ntchito ntchito JavaScript pa khamu ndi kukwaniritsa cholinga kaso.

Mfundo ndi zotsatira za ntchito

JavaScript limakupatsani kubweretsa malamulo ku "zonse zochitika" udindo. Mwachibadwa, pamene mtsutso wa ntchito ndi kugwira ntchito. Anandilola njira, ntchito akubwereranso ntchito yake. JavaScript Amachichitira ndithu modekha.

Iyi ndi njira yabwino, koma zovuta poyerekezera ndi kukhazikitsa. Mwaukadaulo chovomerezeka semantically kupereka "zinchito" mfundo kufala yekha ndi mapulogalamu woyenera.

Pamene ntchito JavaScript mu ntchito yake - chabwino, koma pamene kugwira ntchito amapanga ntchito, ndipo china, logic ndi kovuta kutsatira. Ndipotu funso si ngati kugwiritsa ntchito luso, funso ndi kupeza otetezedwa ndi lolondola chifukwa.

Mapulogalamu chisamaliro ndi zomveka bwino kwambiri. Pali vuto, muyenera njira, osati cholakwika ngati «JavaScript zolakwa ntchito ndi osatetezeka» , nsalu yotchinga kanthu, kapena kuimitsa injini onse osatsegula.

Ngati mkanganowo ndi ntchito, ndiye mapulogalamu kuti anadutsa variable ndi katundu wapadera, kuti si ambiri, osati chingwe, osati chinthu. Koma kugwiritsa ntchito mkangano kungachititse chakuti kusintha zosintha kunja ndi chifukwa cha kuphedwa ntchito. Malinga kusintha kuti adzakhala okwanira anasamutsidwa.

Akuphedwa malamulo kwaiye

Kukhazikitsa kuphedwa malamulo kwaiye mu njira ya ntchito m'ndondomeko zina, n'zotheka mwa «eval». Si ankaona kuti njira yabwino, koma zambiri osati kusokoneza malamulo ndi ntchito zosafunika ndiponso kuchepetsa mapangidwe mzere zazing'ono za JavaScript malamulo ndi chabe motsatira izo.

Mu chitsanzo ichi a Ikani aumbike ulusi mu div operable zambiri. Diva ndi mfundo zomwe zili pa nambala osiyana udindo osiyana, chifukwa zochita imeneyi sasamalira vuto kungakupatseni «JavaScript zolakwa ntchito ndi osatetezeka» , koma mwamphamvu kupereka zotsatira ankafuna.

Nuance JavaScript mawonedwe kosangalatsa "ntchito mu ntchito ya"

Ngati mungathe kuchita popanda frills, ndi bwino ntchito. Onse mungachite izi ndi zabwino. Kumene, nthawi zambiri, ndi njira yokhayo.

Chitsanzo chachikulu tingachipeze powerenga za recursion: ndi factorial. Ndizovuta zokwanira kuti alembe aligorivimu zomwe kuzungulira, koma lophweka, mungathe kukankhira mfundo envelopu. Factorial ikukula mothamanga.

Komabe, recursion, ndi ntchito adzaitana ntchito ina imene mukhoza kupanga zambiri callback - zinthu zachilendo.

Mwachitsanzo, tebulo zonse. Gome ena kungakhale tebulo. Kukaikira mazira sangathe koletsedwa. Lemba lililonse tebulo akonzedwa yake mbali - kwambiri mwanaalirenji.

M'zitsanzo zimenezi ndi ambiri zonsezi vuto lenileni ndi ofunika osati chifukwa cha dongosolo. N'chifukwa chake vuto lagona pa choona kuti palibe frills-musadzipangire ka ntchito, yeniyeni, debugging ake ndipo anayamba ntchito odalirika amakhala JavaScript chisamaliro komanso Wolemba Mapulogalamu.