Derbent linga mbiri ndi zowoneka (chithunzi)

Derbent ndi mzinda wakale kwambiri la Russia. Iwo lili Dagestan, dera pa Nyanja ya Caspian. Sizikudziwika tsiku lenileni la kukhazikitsidwa kwa mzinda, koma mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti ukalamba wake - zaka zosachepera 5000. The kukopa waukulu kuthetsa ndi linga la Derbent. Photos kuperekedwa mu buku lino, kuwapangitsa inu kuwona kukongola ndi ulemerero wa akale mpanda.

The njira cholinga cha zovuta ndi

Linga pafupi ndi Derbent inamangidwa kuteteza anthu okhala Near East ndi Caucasus, ku nkhondo ochuluka a wongosamukasamuka kumpoto. Ndi yaikulu kumbuyo zovuta lopangidwa ndi mzinda, nyanja, mapiri makoma ndi Naryn- Kala (citadel). The nyumba akale anamangidwa mu ulamuliro wa Sassanid mafumu. Ndi mphamvu yake ya sali wolephera Wall Wamkulu wa China.

pamzinda si yabwino kwambiri njira malo ndipo anali osatetezeka ku Caucasus mapiri , nyanja, kotero anthu kumeneko anasamala mwapadera mtima wake. Malinga akuluakulu ozungulira mizinda yambiri ochokera mbali, zitsulo chitetezo chodalirika kwa adani.

Chiphunzitso cha zokopa magwero

Akatswiri a mbiri yakale osati anatha kupeza yemwe anamanga mpanda wolimba wa Derbent. Pali nthano za izo. Imodzi mwa nthano limati amene anayambitsa mzinda ndi linga anali kupuma zimphona moto okhala m'dziko pamaso anthu a.

Pali lina lomwe maonekedwe a Derbent linga ndi mozungulira icho. Malinga ndi iye, woyambitsa wa mzinda wakale anali dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky. Mkulu chachikulu analamula yomanga pakati pa mapiri ndi nyanja angaloŵe makoma aposa nsanja zake ndi kukhala izo mageti azitsulo kwa akunja sangathe kulowa muno. Akatswiri ambiri a Mabaibulo a zovuta za malinga imatengedwa nthano, monga dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky anali asanakhalepo kufotokoza dziko. Koma mfundo za kukhalapo Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana maonekedwe a kuipidwa kumbuyo umboni tanthauzo lake mu moyo wa southerners lapansi.

Naryn-Kala

Poganizira zithunzi Derbent linga, sakhoza kuona kuti malo a nyumba tcheru ndi yaikulu citadel Naryn-Kala. Iwo ali mbali zonse za zovuta mwala mipanda yake yabwino anasunga, amene amapereka anthu mwayi woti aone zodabwitsa kwa zomangamanga wakale mu ulemerero wake onse. Naryn- Kala chimafikira pamodzi mzinda 700 m. The makulidwe a makoma ake nthawi zina 3.5 m, ndi kutalika ndi 20 m. Citadel waima pamwamba pa 300 mita phompho phiri. otsetsereka bwinobwino kutetezera kuwukira mdani kum'mawa, ndi kumpoto. Kum'mwera kwa malinga okonzeka ndi mapazi, ndi mpanda wake yotakata yomwe ili malo, lero ntchito ndi alendo kufufuza panorama mzindawo ndi Nyanja ya Caspian.

Derbentskaya linga Naryn- Kala kapangidwe ndi zoumbika mosiyanasiyana dera 4.5 ha. makoma ake chokongoletsedwa ndi zitunda zambiri ataliatali, yomwe ili pa mtunda wa 25-35 mamita Chrixitu. Mu ngodya chakumadzulo waima nsanja lalikulu limene limalumikizana ndi citadel ndi khoma m'tawuni.

yomanga zoweta

Mkati citadel, mukhoza kuona wakale Khan osambira ndi mazenera madenga ndi nyumba amene anapulumuka ku nthawi yathu (iwo ali pabwinja). Imodzi mwa nyumba zimenezi wakhala mtanda ozungulira mpingo mu V., Kenako n'kukhala ndi mabungwe achipembedzo Muslim. Komanso, mu citadel ndi wamkulu mu Russia Juma mzikiti inali, anakhazikitsidwa mu VIII atumwi. Kale panali nyumba ya Khan, koma lero pamalo ake anakhalabe mabwinja kokha, kumene n'zovuta kunena kukongola kwa nyumba imeneyi.

Chapadera ndi iwiri yosema madzi posungira oyenerera mwa citadel lapansi. Iwo anamanga mu XI m'ma ambuye Byzantine. muli The anaiika yambiri madzi, amene analola linga kupirira yaitali mafunsidwe mzinda adani. The madzi akulowa thanki ku akasupe pa wapadera ceramic ndi mapaipi zitsulo. Chifukwa anthu a mumzinda inaperekedwa ndi madzi ngakhale mu nthawi yamavuto ndi kudzipereka kwa mdani. Koma si nthawi zonse ndi angaloŵe linga la Derbent. History lili ndi mfundo zimene mdani anatha kukalanda mzindawo, chiphe akasupe ndi kusiya zokometsera palibe madzi.

Citadel anatumikira osati kumbuyo, komanso likulu la mzinda. Iwo linaikidwa pa Chancery, chiweruzo komanso ndende mobisa (ndende), amene wandende kunali kosatheka. Makoma ake imakonzedwa pa ngodya, ndipo wolakwayo, kamodzi mu ukapolo, anakakamizika kufa ndi njala. ndende ili kumbuyo bwinja la nyumba yachifumu Khan a.

Okonda amakedzana kusangalala kuyendera m'nyumbayi lidatseguka citadel lapansi. Ntchitoyi anasonyeza katundu wa m'nyumba, mbiya, zipangizo mwala, zokongoletsera, ndi zida, ndalama ndi zina zotero. D. The zaka zina rarities zaka zingapo.

M'dera lapakati ukulamulira guardhouse, anamanga mu 1828 (pambuyo Dagestan anakhala mbali ya Russia). zojambula omangawo lero, amene akufotokozedwa Derbent. guardhouse kunja ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi anangula ndi mizinga nthawi tsarist.

mbali zina za nyumba tcheru

Derbent linga, amene akufuna kubweretsa chithunzi cha Dagestan alendo onse amakopeka osati kwa citadel, koma makoma ake. kutalika mu mzinda ndi 3.6 Km. Kumpoto ndi kumwera makoma zinamangidwa kufanana kwa wina ndi mzake. Mtunda pakati pawo zimasiyanasiyana mamita 300 400. Dag mipiringidzo (phiri khoma) anali anatambasula ndi makilomita 40 mu njira Caucasus lokwera. Mwatsoka, iye akanakhoza kukhala mtundu wapachiyambi: m'madera ambiri, kukonza anakomoka. Nyanja khoma kuphimba pakhomo mzindawu ndi Nyanja ya Caspian. Iye Inabuka madzi ake ndipo amawachitira pafupifupi theka kilometre. Monga Doug mipiringidzo, nyanja khoma anasunga mu zidutswa.

chipata

Mwa makoma a dongosolo linga chitetezo anali pang'ono kakang'ono, koma amphamvu kwambiri chipata, amene kalelo kunali kotheka kwa kufika Derbent. Iwo samangokhala kumbuyo mzinda, koma ndi ulemerero. Chipata anatsegula alendo ogwirizana ndi amalonda. Zolowetsa inali ku mbali zosiyana za mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Iwo akadali zimasungika zinthu za zokongoletsa wolemera, amene inu mukhoza kuweruza mmene kukongola anali kalelo. Chitseko, kuyang'ana kwa kumpoto, kumene mu Derbent akhoza kubwera ankhanza wongosamukasamuka anayang'ana chachikulu ndi owopsa. Mosiyana pakhomo awo a kum'mwera kwa mzinda zinali zokongola ndi wapadera. Today n'zovuta kukhazikitsa chiwerengero chenicheni wa zipata, ngati si onse amene anapulumuka.

Mayina a kuona zinenero zosiyanasiyana

Derbent linga nthawizonse chidwi apaulendo ndi kukula kwake ndi mphamvu. Alendo lidaupereka mayina osiyanasiyana, koma pafupifupi onse a iwo ankapita ndi mawu akuti "chipata". Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa malinga a linga anali ambiri zitseko amphamvu mwa zomwe kudutsa mdani mu Derbent kunali kosatheka. Agiriki akale otchedwa mpanda Caspian Gates, Aluya - Bab al-Abva (waukulu), Georgia - Dzgvis Kari (nyanja), ndi alendo Turkey - Temir Kapysy (Iron).

The kungoganizira umodzi kumbuyo khoma

ofuna mbiri ya Derbent ndi Derbent linga zonse, zidzakhala zosangalatsa kuphunzira za akatswiri zili chiyambi cha m'ma otsiriza, chiphunzitso malinga ndi zomwe kalelo analiko Europe ndi ku Asia mosalekeza mpanda mzere kugawa Africa awiri. Kumpoto kwa izo anthu mafuko yoyendayenda kum'mwera - alimi. anthu amangokhala akudwala matenda wongosamukasamuka ndi kuteteza dziko lawo kumanga mpanda kumbuyo. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale Anakaligawa malinga onse amene analipo pa nthawi zosiyanasiyana mu Africa Eurasian, ndipo anadabwa. Abkhaz, Caucasus, Crimea, Derbent, Balkan Wall, mwa makoma Roma, Wall Wamkulu ndi zina nyumba wakale mzinda, ndipo ambiri mwa sanapulumuke mpaka pano, mu kutali kale anapanga ndi unyolo labwinobwino. Ndipo ngakhale chiphunzitso anasonyeza ndi losadziwika ndi nduna sayansi mbiri, izo zimapangitsa kuganizira mofatsa za m'mbuyomu anthu.