Cupid: makhalidwe mtsinje boma ndi mbali

Mtundu wa madzi a mode Amur Mtsinje amalola kuti ndi zambiri makhwawa lalikulu. Ofunika kwambiri a iwo Zeyu, Bureya, Sungari Anuy, ndi Ussury Amgun.

M'pofunika kuganizira mfundo zotsatirazi: kale yofuna mtsutso za zaka zochepa kuti ndi Zeya tributary wa Amur kapena ayi. Chifukwa zithunzi danga, asayansi anatha kuzindikira kuti m'madera ena kwambiri Zeya kuya, ndi Komanso ndi onse kwambiri koposa Amur Mtsinje. Mtsinje boma mu Zikatero lafotokozedwa mwatsatanetsatane, kuyambira umboni umenewu singakwane kukondweretsa aliyense Mabaibulo a.

dzina

Hydronym kumagwirizana ndi zilankhulo Tungus. Kumasulira kwa Dzina lenileni la kutanthauza "mtsinje waukulu." Mu China, otaya madzi amatchedwa "wakuda mtsinje" kapena "mtsinje wa wakuda chinjoka." Malinga ndi nthano zakale, anakhala pansi pa chinjoka wabwino amene kamodzi anagonjetsa zoipa, nthawi zonse pomenyana asodzi. Wopambana anakhalabe padziko madzi awa, pakati pa Amur ndi malo Ayuda. Mmenemu ndi mmene watercourse amamuonera amenewa dzina chidwi.

Cupid (boma la mtsinje, tikhoza kunena, mwa njira chikugwirizana ndi dzina lake) chikutha m'dera la Mongolia ndi Dauria. Iye akutenga angapo Russian ndi munthu Chinese dera. Mu mapiri ndi chiyambi cha makhwawa waukulu.

Asilikaliwa kulitcha Cupid "wakuda lonse mtsinje." Manchu - "wakuda madzi."

madera

Amur beseni lili kum'mawa kwa Asia. The mtsinje pa nthawi yomweyo ali m'mbali zinayi: nkhalango, steppe, steppe ndi theka chipululu. Mvumbi ndi pafupipafupi, chiwerengero kudutsa m'dera la madzi zimasiyanasiyana millimeters 300 750.

gwero la mtsinje ili pa mphambano ya Shilka ndi Argun. The utali wonse wa watercourse ndi 2824 Km. Tsopano, pali mikangano zimene nyanja wa Amur estuary. TSB amanena kuti Japan ndi mayiko Hydrographic Organization limanena kuti mwa nyanja ya Okhotsk.

Amur Mtsinje (mtsinjewo osiyanasiyana ndithu mwa uthunthu wake) ali mkati Russia, Republic of China ndi Mongolia. The RF amadzimadzi mtsinje lagawidwa Siberia ndi Far East gawo. M'dera lomweli izo Kupititsa conventionally analigawa mu chapamwamba, pakati ndi mitsinje m'munsi.

mtsinje hydrology

Pakati pa mitsinje ina ya ku Russia Amur lili pa nambala yachinayi. M'dziko - chakhumi. kumwa madzi zimasiyanasiyana 9 mpaka 11 chikwi. ^M3.

Valley amadzimadzi mtsinje lagawidwa m'magawo atatu: pakati m'munsi ndi chapamwamba Amur. boma la mtsinje pa aliyense wa iwo losiyana. Mwachitsanzo, mlingo otaya zimasiyanasiyana 4 Km / h ndi 5.5 km / h.

Mbali yaikulu ya Amur ndi mlingo wa madzi chifukwa yamvula nyengo (80% runoff pachaka) limatuluka kuchepetsa yovuta. Mu mbali pakati ndi chapamwamba Phokoso ndi 12 m, pansi - 8 mamita Pa mvula kapena katundu mvula zonse mumapezeka pilirani kwa miyezi iwiri ndi kufika m'lifupi 20 Km.. Chifukwa yomanga zomera hydropower ena makhwawa kusinthasintha kwambiri yafupika, madzi osefukira akhala m'chipani.

Ichthyofauna

Madzi Amur Mtsinje mode chololera kuti kuli "populata". Kuli mitundu pafupifupi 140 ndipo subspecies nsomba. Malonda zofunika pakati pawo pafupifupi 40. The amadzimadzi mtsinje pafupipafupi Chinese oimira Ichthyofauna (carp, carp, Auha, skygazer) ndi Indian (Rotan, snakehead). Kaluga kukula mu madzi awa, ukufika pafupifupi 5 mamita m'litali. Nsombazi Amur ndi Sakhalin zambiri amasangalala asodzi. Kuwonjezera mitundu izi zikupezeka pano 9 oimira osiyanasiyana salmonids. maiwe ali kuderako kaluga Auha, whitefish, snakehead, ndi ena.

boma madzi

Amur akutenga malo oyamba mwa mitsinje yonse Far East amanena madzi. Mkulu madzi mu mtsinje ndi ofooka, kusefukira kwa madzi ndi mkulu mlingo zokwanira. Monga ulamuliro, m'chilimwe kwambiri a iwo, ndipo mfundo imeneyi amakwiya madzi osefukira. Izi boma madzi a mtsinje Amur ndi kudalira kwake pa nyengo ndi mwachilungamo zoonekeratu. Mvula zambiri adzagwa, ukuwonjezeka kwambiri mosavuta osefukira. Pafupifupi dera lonse la mtsinje ili mu zone yamvula nyengo (kapena kani, mu zosinthika ake kumpoto). Ikufotokoza chakuti m'chilimwe ndi yozizira chimakhala chogwidwa ndi chisanu. Mphambano wa Shilka ndi Argun, mwachitsanzo gwero la mtsinje, nthawi zambiri kutengera misa kumadzulo.

The otaya pachaka kwambiri amadalira boma madzi. Mwachitsanzo, njira chapamwamba ali ndi ntchito ndi mkulu, pamene m'munsi ndi pakati ali yafupika zili madzi. Kalembedwe Photo Amur kugawidwa m'magulu anayi: pamlingo wochepa, odzisunga, mkulu ndi otsika. Pafupifupi onse a iwo a chikhalidwe chomwecho cha otaya ndi, kusiyana lili okha chakudya ndi nyengo. Kwenikweni, mtsinje akudyetsedwa ndi mvula (mphepo) madzi. Chipale zakudya zofunika pokha pokha anthu pamene yozizira kugwa mvula yokwanira.

Chifukwa cha zabwino makhalidwe a mtsinje izo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu dera zachuma: nsomba, opangira magetsi, rafting zosangalatsa. Makhwawa a Amur chimodzimodzi madzi boma ngati mtsinje yokha. kusiyana Minor therebetween.

glaciation

Kodi mode Amur Mtsinje: atapanga kapena dziwe ili? funso akhoza anayankha kuti inde. Chifukwa kutentha otsika (m'pamene akafika madigiri -40 kumpoto ndi kum'mwera -15) ambiri a madzi ali ndi ayezi. chivundikiro Izi wayamba kupita pambuyo pa 8 miyezi glaciation.

Pa gwero la chisanu Amur pafupifupi kumeneko, ndipo ngakhale mwalawo udzamugwere, ndiye kuphimba kutalika si upambana 10 cm. Chiwerengero cha okwana ukuwonjezeka mpweya wa pachaka ngati kusuntha kwa kumadzulo kum'mawa. Mu malire m'munsi pa chivundikiro chisanu zambiri za msinkhu wawo akayamba pafupifupi 50 cm, nthawizina chithunzi ichi chimakula.