Mapangidwe, Zilankhulo
CPR Akumakambirananso angapo: Zitsanzo
The malembedwe a chinenero cha Chirasha , kapangidwe ka mawu ndi ziganizo. Mu ichi makamaka zovuta ndi zambiri amayambitsa zopumira yomanga kapangidwe osiyanasiyana ziganizo zovuta, makamaka ndi zigawo zitatu kapena zambiri predicative. Taonani zitsanzo mitundu yeniyeni ya CPR ndi Akumakambirananso angapo, njira kulankhulana ndi zazikulu ndi chowonjezera mbali, atakhala malamulo zopumira awo.
Zovuta chiganizo: Tanthauzo
Kuti bwino kufotokoza mfundo ife ntchito zosiyanasiyana syntaxes. Zovuta maganizo amakhala ndi mfundo yakuti dzina awiri kapena kuposa mkhalidwe gawo. Iwo akhoza kukhala ofanana ndi mzake kapena kulowa ubale wa chidakwa. CPR - ndi maganizo, lomwe linayenera Mbali yaikulu ya paranasal ndi Ufumuyo mwa subordinating zolumikizira ndi / kapena anagwirizana mawu. Mwachitsanzo, "[Stepan anali atatopa kwambiri madzulo], (N'CHIFUKWA CHIYANI?) (Chifukwa ilo linali tsiku osati makilomita osakwana khumi kutali)." Apa ndi pansi, ndi m'mabokosi lalikulu potanthauza mbali yaikulu ya wozungulira wa - yozungulira. Choncho, mu NGN ndi Akumakambirananso angapo kuonetsetsa mbali zitatu predicative awiri amene azidalira, "[Village, (ZIMENE) (zadutsa), linali lodziwika bwino Andrei Petrovich], (N'CHIFUKWA CHIYANI?) (Chifukwa unachitikira pano theka wabwino ubwana wake). " Nkofunika mukazindikira malire a ziganizo yosavuta, komwe muyenera kuika mipatuliro.
CPR ndi Kumvetsela angapo
Table zitsanzo kuthandiza kudziwa mitundu ya ziganizo pawiri anawagawa m'magulu atatu kapena kuposa a mkhalidwe wa.
Mtundu wa kugonjera kwa paranasal chachikulu | Mwachitsanzo |
kogwirizana | Anyamata Tinayenda kudutsa mtsinje, madzi ndi kale ofunda zokwanira, chifukwa masiku angapo apitawa akhala amazipanga otentha. |
Kufanana (inhomogeneous) | Atamaliza kulankhula, holo chete omvera anadabwa atamva. |
yunifolomu | Anton ananena kuti reinforcements idzafika posachedwapa, ndipo muyenera chabe woleza mtima. |
Ndi mitundu yosiyana subordination | Nastya kachiwiri muwerengenso kalata, amene anali kugwedeza mu manja ake, ndipo ine ndinaganiza kuti tsopano m'pofunika kusiya sukulu, kuti chiyembekezo chake cha moyo watsopano sizichitika. |
kugonjera zogwirizana
Chiweruzo "[Anyamata anathamangira kwa akuthamanga mu mtsinje] 1, (madzi amene ali kale mokwanira analimbikitsa) 2, (chifukwa masiku angapo apitawa akhala amazipanga otentha) 3" woyamba kusiyanitsa zigawo zitatu. Ndiye ntchito mafunso anapereka asapita zamalankhulidwe: [... X] (kumene X ...), (chifukwa ...). Tikuona kuti gawo lachiwiri chasanduka yaikulu kwa wachitatu.
Nachi chitsanzo china. "[Pa tebulo anali mbiya maluwa akutchire], (amene anasonkhana anyamata), (pamene ife tinapita ku nkhalango pa ulendo a)." Galimoto CPR izi ofanana woyamba: [... X], (zomwe ... X) (komwe ...).
Motero, aliyense motsatizana yunifolomu gawo Kumvetsela izo zimatengera amene m'mbuyomu. WBS amenewo Akumakambirananso angapo - zitsanzo kutsimikizira izo - amatikumbutsa unyolo, aliyense kugwirizana wotsatira amamangiriridwa zikukhala kutsogolo.
Kufanana (inhomogeneous) kugonjera
Pankhaniyi, Akumakambirananso zonse zokhudzana ndi zazikulu (onse kapena mbali ya njira kumeneko), koma kuyankha mafunso osiyana ndi osiyana mtengo. "(Pamene wokamba wamaliza kulankhula), 1 [mu chete holo] 2, (chifukwa anthu akhala anadabwa atamva) 3". Tiyeni tione ichi WBS ndi Akumakambirananso angapo. Chiwembu kuti lidzaonekera (komwe ...) [... X], (kuyambira ...). Ife tikuona kuti gawo loyamba la paranasal (iye waima patsogolo waukulu) amatanthauza nthawi, ndipo chachiwiri - chifukwa. Motero, iyankha mafunso osiyana. Chitsanzo chachiwiri: "[Vladimir lero ndithudi anali kuphunzira] 1, (pa nthawi Sitima ikafika ku Tyumen) 2, (mu nthawi ndi mnzake a) 3." Mbali yoyamba ya paranasal wa - izjasnitelnyh chachiwiri - cholinga.
yunifolomu kugonjera
Izi zili choncho pamene kuli koyenera kufanizira ndi yodziwika malembedwe ena. Kuti kalembera wa PP ndi anthu ofanana ndi amenewa CS ndi malamulo angapo wamng'ono ali ofanana. Inde, chiweruzo "[Anton ikunenedwa] 1, (kuti reinforcements posachedwa afika) 2 ndi (muyenera chabe woleza) 3" Kumvetsela gawo - 2 ndi 3 - a mau omwewo ndi udindo kuti "kodi?" ndi onse izjasnitelnyh. Komanso, iwo cholukanalukana kudzera wogwirizana ndi limene palibe koma. Kuimira ngati chitsanzo: [... X], (kuti ...) ndi (...).
The WBS ndi Akumakambirananso angapo kwa subordination yunifolomu pakati mayunitsi Kumvetsela nthawi zina, zolumikizira aliyense Kutsata - zopumira malamulo ndi amodzi mwa kamangidwe ka anthu homogeneous - ndi subordinative mu gawo lachiwiri mwina kwina palimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, "[Iye akhala anaima pawindo ndi kuyang'ana] 1, (monga nyumba mmodzi ankayendetsa galimoto) ndi 2 (antchito yotsitsa zomangira) 3."
WBS ndi Akumakambirananso angapo mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya subordination
Nthawi zambiri, monga gawo la chiweruzo zovuta lagawidwa m'magulu anayi kapena kuposerapo. Pankhaniyi, angathe kulankhulana ndi wina ndi mnzake mu njira zosiyanasiyana. Fotokozani tebulo Mwachitsanzo: "[Nastya nthawi yachiwiri kukonzanso kuwerenga kalata (zomwe mantha manja ake) 2, ndipo ine ndinaganiza] 1, (umene tsopano ndi kusiya) 3, (kuti chiyembekezo cha moyo watsopano sichinatheke) 4 ". Izi zikufanana mwatsatanetsatane (inhomogeneous) (n 1,2,3-4) ndi yunifolomu (U 2,3,4) kugonjera [... X (lomwe, ...), ... X], (kuti ...), (... kuti ). Kapena njira ina: "[Njira yonse, Tatiana anati kanthu ndi anangoyang'ana pawindo] 1, (imene inadutsa yaing'ono, kwambiri spaced m'midzi mzake) 2, (kumene anthu anali otanganidwa) ndi 3 (pachimake ntchito) 4)." Powerenga ndime zimenezi zovuta ndi siriyo (P P 1,2,4 ndi 1,2,3) ndi yunifolomu (U 2,3,4) kugonjera [... X], (chimene, ...), (komwe ...) ndi (... ).
Zopumira pa mphambano zilumikizano
Kukonza zizindikiro zopumira ziganizo pawiri, amakhala okwanira mukazindikira malire a mbali predicative. Kumvetsa zambiri akuimira zopumira NGN ndi angapo Kumvetsela - madera Zitsanzo: [... X], (monga (amene ...), kenako (pamene (zomwe ...), ...) kapena [... X], [... X] ...) - pamene pali awiri subordinating wogwirizana (mgwirizano wa mawu). Ndi zina kugonjera yotsatana. Pankhaniyi, muyenera khutu ku pamaso pa gawo lachiwiri la mgwirizano awiri ziganizo. Mwachitsanzo, "[Pa Sofa anakhalabe bukhu lotseguka] 1, (chimene, (ngati nthawi kumanzere) 3, Constantine ndithudi tawerenga kuti mapeto) 2". Yachiwiri: "[Ndikulumbira] 1, (kuti (pamene ine ndibwerera ku ulendo kunyumba) 3, onetsetsani kuti ndidzakuchezera iwe ndi kukuuza iwe chilichonse) 2." Polimbana ndi WBS zimenezi ndi Akumakambirananso angapo otsatirawa malamulo. Ngati mzera yachiwiri amachotsedwa pempholo, mopanda tsankho kwa tanthauzo la koma pakati pa mabungwe (ndi / kapena anagwirizana mawu) anaika - ngati si kwina. Tikaonanso Mwachitsanzo woyamba: "[Buku atagona pabedi] 1 (amene adali nthawi kuwerenga) 2". Ngati chachiwiri, osati mbali yachiwiri ya dongosolo kalembedwe cha maganizo Kumvetsela adzakhala kusokonezedwa ndi mawu akuti "ndi" wa.
tizikumbukira
A mthandizi wabwino kuphunzira CPR ndi Akumakambirananso angapo - Zochita zomwe zimathandiza kulimbitsa chidziwitso zinazake. Choncho ndi bwino kuchita zinthu mogwirizana aligorivimu ndi.
- Werengani mosamala pempholo udindo izo zapansi kalembedwe ndi kukhazikitsa malire a mbali predicative (yosavuta ziganizo).
- Sankhani njira zonse kulankhulana, osati kuiwala za zigawo zikuluzikulu kapena ntchito angapo a mabungwe.
- Kukhazikitsa kugwirizana watanthauzo mbali: kuchita ichi, choyamba kupeza nyumba, khalani pa nkhani (s) kwa wamng'ono (a TH).
- Yomanga dera tikuonera mivi yake mbali kudalira Chrixitu, kuziyika izo mu mudapholiwa zopumira. Kusamutsa mipatuliro mu kupereka olembedwa.
Choncho, chidwi ntchito yomanga ndi kusanthula (kuphatikizapo zopumira) zovuta chiganizo - NGN ndi Kumvetsela angapo mwachindunji - komanso kudalira mbali pamwamba wa malembedwe izi kuonetsetsa kuphedwa olondola a ntchito akufuna.
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