The August mame peyala - ndemanga. Kufotokozera zosiyanasiyana za mikhalidwe

Peyala amachokera Georgia, komwe iye anabweretsedwa ndipo anayamba kukhala nalo mu Peloponnese ku Greece. Zinali zaka zikwi BC. e. Kenako anakhala wotchuka mitengo peyala zipatso minda Ukrainians mu Kievan Lazaro, kumene mu 1660s izo lija ndipo anayamba kukula mu Izmailovo Kremlin ndi m'mapaki wa Moscow.

Ndipo ngati m'zaka 17 kunali anthu pafupifupi 40 mitundu ya mapeyala, ndipo m'zaka 19 m'dera Kharkiv kunali kale 360, lero kuyamika obereketsa ndi zoposa 5,000 mitundu. The peyala wotchuka amasangalala ku France, kumene ilo limakula 40 miliyoni a mitengo.

mitundu ya mapeyala

Mapeyala anawagawa chilimwe, m'dzinja ndi yozizira mitundu. Izi ndi kutentha wachikondi ndi whimsical mtengo kuposa apulo, choncho adzakumana m'munda aliyense nyakulima ankachita masewera.

Pakuti yozizira mitundu mochedwa yakucha mitengo ya zipatso, monga Yuryev, amene mapeyala kusunga kununkhira ndi fungo mpaka January.

Ndi yophukira mitundu monga mapeyala ndi mkulu kapena pafupifupi yozizira hardiness, kupereka mkulu zokolola mu chaka 4-5th kuchokera makilogalamu 150 mpaka 180 pa mtengo. Izi mitundu ya Moscow, zapamwamba Efimova, Veles, ankakonda Yakovlev ndi ena. M'dzinja peyala zimapsa kumapeto August-September, ndi zambiri zipatso zake zikhoza kusungidwa kwa miyezi ingapo.

Mbali yaikulu ya mitundu dzinja lili earliness awo. Ambiri a iwo zabwino chisanu kukana ndi mkulu zokolola. Kusungidwa zipatso za mapeyala chilimwe, malinga zosiyanasiyana, kuchokera pa masiku 10 kwa miyezi iwiri.

Pofika chaka anati kalasi mapeyala The August mame, Severyanka cheeked, Chizhovski, Thumbelina, Petro ndi ena. Chilimwe Activities anawagawa oyambirira (June, m'ma July) ndi sekondale (August) yakucha mitundu.

August mame

The August peyala mitundu cinoni unayambitsidwa Institute of chibadwa ndi Kusankha Michurin monga chilimwe winterhardiness view breeder Yakovlev. Amapeza zosiyanasiyana latsopano anawoloka Australia m'chigonjetso Pakgama mwachikondi. Chifukwa ndi mtengo ang'ono ndi korona wa makulidwe sing'anga ndi kuchuluka zokolola. The August mame peyala kutalika kwa 2-2.5 m, ali angapo nkhawa korona.

zosiyanasiyana izi zikuyamba kubala zipatso mu zaka 3-4, ndipo zokolola mkulu. Kukolola koyamba mitengo achinyamata kugulitsidwa makilogalamu 15 a zipatso.

Nthambi za thunthu mu mtundu umenewu kuwonjezera pafupifupi kumathandiza kupeza ngodya zabwino bwino, ndi yosalala grayish pamwamba. Wood ali probudimostyu impso mkulu. zosiyanasiyana yafalikira kutchuka kuyambira m'chaka cha 2002 anthu chilimwe wa Chigawo chapakati Black Lapansi.

Kukonzekera ndi kudzalidwa kwa mbande

mbande kubzala peyala ayenera kuyamba malo a kusankha, malinga ndi nyengo imene munda ili:

• Peyala amakonda dzuwa ndi malo lotseguka, kotero mphepo otetezedwa dzuwa munda chipani suti kwambiri. Kusankha chodzala nthawi zimatengera pa munda, koma mmalo ambiri amene anabzala peyala pa malo, anapatsidwa kugwa.
• Kukonzekera dziko zakonzedwa ndi kukumba malo ndi kulowa fetereza nthaka yofunika. Ambiri peyala ayenera superphosphate, kompositi ndi potashi feteleza, koma palibe malamulo ambiri amavomereza, chifukwa zikudalira pa khalidwe la dziko.

• Chodzala mbande peyala amafuna njira lalikulu kusankha zinthu kubzala. Izo ziyenera kukhala mu mtima wa zomera imodzi kapena biennial. N'kofunikanso kuti aletse khalidwe la mizu ndi mphamvu thunthu.
• Pamaso kubzala, kukonzekera dzenje lalikulu kuposa mizu ya mbande, Chofunika kwambiri, dziko Pankhaniyi anali lotayirira. Mapangidwe moyenera mbiya mofanana dzenje 30 cm ku likulu-Ground wake wozunzikirapo.
• Kamodzi mmera adzakhala adatchithisira mdzenje, mizu ayenera mwaukhondo flattened wokutidwa ndi dziko lapansi. Ndiye dothi mozungulira mitengo kuponda pansi, madzi wokutidwa ndi kuphimbira. Izi kusunga chinyezi ndiponso kupangitsa pansi padziko mapeyala lapansi.

Mtunda pakati pa mitengo ayenera anasankha potengera zimene amatupitsa anapanga. Mwachitsanzo, August peyala mame mavoti wamaluwa titsimikizire kuti ali ndi korona ang'ono, mtunda wa pakati mbande akhoza kukhala 5 m. Zosiyanasiyana ndi nthambi kufalitsa kungafune mamita mpaka 7.

chisamaliro

Kuti sapling sanataye, muyenera yomweyo ndikuganiza za madzi okwanira Mkhalidwe. Ngati munda ili m'dera ndi nyengo yotentha ndi mvula pang'ono, mukhoza kukumba kuzungulira poyambira mtengo, mudzaze ndi madzi. Dongosolo muzu si yagwa, madzi ayenera kudyetsedwa pang'onopang'ono. The August mame peyala (ndemanga truckers kulankhula za izi) bwino anatengedwa pamene ulimi wothirira kutsitsi kusintha.

Chinthu china chofunika kuti mtengo wakula mofulumira ndi kupeza mphamvu - ndi cropping. Pakuti yearlings kasupe kudulira ayenera kukhala pafupi theka la mita kuchokera pansi. Ngati iye ali ndi zaka ziwiri, m'pofunika m'chaka kuchotsa mphukira owonjezera choimirira. N'kofunikanso kuti zonse kumasula nthaka.

M'dzinja ndi yozizira peyala ayenera kutetezedwa ku chisanu, ngakhale limakhudza mitundu yozizira-Hardy. Mwachitsanzo, August mame peyala (ofotokoza za makhalidwe ake ati ndi yozizira Hardy zosiyanasiyana m'ma mlingo) zimafunika "okutira" thonje. Ngati yozizira anali snowless, izo tikulimbikitsidwa kuti kuwaza mizu ya dziko zina.

Feteleza mitengo peyala

Manyowa pansi pa ankafika, nkofunika kukumbukira kuti mizu ya mbande peyala sayenera kukhala ndikukumana ndi potashi ndi asafe feteleza. Iwo akhoza kupha pomwepo kenaka, ndi mmera adzafa.

Mtengo okhwima Mwachitsanzo peyala ya August mame, amakambirana wamaluwa kulankhula za izo, amakonda organic fetereza - manyowa. Iwo ali mbali zonse zofunika kukula yake. Iwo ayenera kupanga mlingo wa makilogalamu 2.1 pa 1 mita ² lililonse masika kuzungulira-thunthu bwalo.

M'dzinja zabwino chitsimikizo cha kukula mofulumira ndi chitukuko cha mtengo adzakhala oyamba a feteleza asafe. Pangani bwino pambuyo tsamba ammonia nayitrogeni fetereza.

ikulongosola za zosiyanasiyana za

A ankakonda wamaluwa kukhala peyala ya August mame. Malongosoledwe a mtengo uwu amapereka malo onse kuika mtundu umenewu mu dziko:

• Iwo amakhala ndi kukula mofulumira ndi tillering. Good kasupe kudzutsidwa.
• Mu peyala ichi mphukira wakuda ndi lenticels ambiri.
• Masamba kukula pafupifupi, zotanuka, mdima wobiriwira m'mbali serrated ndi pafupifupi kutalika msana.
• maluwa ang'ono, woyera zidutswa 7-10 pa inflorescence.

Popeza kuti mtengo wamango otsika, m'malo yopapatiza, koma mkulu-zokolola, ndi oyenera madera yaing'ono wakunja kwatawuni kumene ndalama iliyonse mita wa dziko.

zipatso khalidwe

Peyala ya August mame, okonda zipatso zenizeni izi zikutsimikiziridwa, amapereka yowutsa mudyo ndi zipatso okoma ndi sing'anga kukula. mitundu Common ya mapeyala kulemera kwa kuchokera 120 mpaka 150 ga, ngakhale dziko labwino komanso kuisamalira, ndipo iwo akhoza kufika 200 ga

Iwo ali woyera, yowutsa mudyo thupi ndi mbewu yabwino, 100 ga lili:

• shuga - 8.5%;
• Pectin - 0,8%;
• ascorbic asidi - 13 mg wa;
• Arbutin - 2,7%;
• P-yogwira mankhwala - 40 mg.

Peyala ali wofatsa wowawasa-lokoma kukoma ndi kupereka zipatso wokongola, amene akhoza kusungidwa kwa masabata 2. Izi kalasi tebulo, umene uli wabwino kudya mwatsopano ndi kuphika kwa izo sachedwa chifukwa ndi compotes.

Reviews wamaluwa

Mu maganizo a wamaluwa ankachita masewera, ndi August mame - izo nekaprizny zosiyanasiyana ndi mkulu zipatso ndi kukoma kwambiri chipatso. peyala Izi si bwanji ndi matenda a mafangasi, kucha ndi Hardy. makhalidwe abwino kukula aliyense chiwembu ndi kupereka mkulu zokolola chaka chilichonse.