Morphemic zikuchokera mawu a masiku ano ndi mbiri: chitsanzo. kusintha m'mbiri yakale zikuchokera morphemic mawu

Morphemic zikuchokera mawu mu chitukuko chinenero si nthawi zonse mudakali yemweyo. masinthidwe zakale zomwe zachitika chinenerochi, ndi zapansi zinkakhala. Kapangidwe Morphemic wasintha chifukwa cha njira ina amene tikambirana chiyani m'nkhani ino.

Mbiri ndizosowa kusintha

The mbali yaikulu ya mawu lomenyera chinenero chamakono Russian ndi maziko a mmene otumphukira ndipo sanali otumphukira. The njira ya mapangidwe ake pa chitukuko cha chinenero cha mbiri zikusintha. Ndipo ngakhale morphemic zikuchokera mawu zasintha zina. Pa mtima wa anthu ambiri zinafa tanthauzo morpheme. Pano pali chitsanzo. Pa mtima wa West pamaso pa morpheme mawu za- chofunika mtima. Kuyambira kale, ulibe. Choncho, maziko wakhala sanali otumphukira.

Kuti mumve zambiri za kusintha zikuchokera morphemic ndi

Sikuti morphemic zikuchokera mawu zinasintha kalekale, monga mwa chitsanzo pamwamba. Only mu Nthawi zina mukhoza kulankhula za izo. Mu chinenero chamakono, mawu ambiri ndi anthu a morpheme chimodzimodzi monga kale. Koma lero pali zitsanzo zambiri pamene iwo anataya chaubale kwa maziko oyambirira omwe inakhazikitsidwa. Komanso, n'kutheka kuti mawu akuyamba kufotokoza yekha gawo la zapansi akutulutsa, osati kwathunthu ndi izo. Morphemic zikuchokera zasintha milandu. Ife kukuuzani zifukwa zimene pali ofanana kusintha.

Zifukwa kusintha kapangidwe morphological

Choyamba, matanthauzo lexical zofunika, momwe chilamulira chikhalidwe pamaso kubala otumphukira, ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, m'chilankhulo cha Russian lero si malumikizanidwe zamalankhulidwe mawu monga khonde (a nyumba) ndi mapiko (mbalame), chifukwa tsopano osiyana mtengo. Komabe, unkachitika mu Old. Kuchokera pa mawu amenewa si zizigwirizana monga otumphukira ndi kutulutsa.

Chifukwa china chimene kusintha anati mu dongosolo morphemic - dongosolo mawu, omwe si nthawi zonse akanali yemweyo. Nazi zitsanzo zina. Mawu uzikuta pillowcase, anakokera, mitambo - muzu chomwecho, koma ali osiyana dongosolo morphological. Opangidwa kuchokera zapansi - uzikuta (ob Wolak msondodzi-Th), pillowcase (pa ndi kuukoka-a), anakokera (mu portage-a). Mtambo ndi chipolopolo anakhala sanali otumphukira, monga iwo asintha maziko imfa phokoso "mu". Modern ndi mbiri morphemic zikuchokera mawu, kotero mu milandu sali yemweyo.

Chifukwa china - imfa zokhudzana mawu kapena correlative zapansi kupanga ku mawu. Apa pali chimene inu mukhoza kubweretsa mu zitsanzo za masiku Russian chinenero cha sanali otumphukira zapansi - dalaivala, winch malaya. Chifukwa dikishonare panopa waponya correlative opangidwa kuchokera zapansi (s - atseka panjira; tsekwe - ndi kutsinde kukhala tiyipukuse chogwirira; pakani - chidutswa cha nsalu).

Modern ndi mbiri morphemic zikuchokera mawu zina sali yemweyo chifukwa cha dongosolo zipatso za mtundu wa chikoka pa kapangidwe ka mawu etymologically akutali, mwachitsanzo sanali zipatso mitundu. Mwachitsanzo, ambulera ndi lochokera yachilendo. Poyamba Mau comprehended ngati muzu. Komabe, nthawi, ndi kufanizira ndi mawu Russian pakamwa, mchira etc. Iwo anayamba mamembala zochokera zont- (sanali otumphukira) ndi suffix -IR.

Ananena kusintha m'mbiri yakale zikuchokera morphemic mawu nthawi zina anatchula vuto, kukonzanso kuwonjezeka ndi zosabvuta chimango. Tikufotokozera aliyense wa iwo.

zosabvuta

Kuyenera sanali otumphukira otumphukira maziko mawu. Pankhaniyi, yotsirizira wotaya chlenimost pa morpheme. Zosabvuta amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya chinenerocho. Ndiyamika iye, olemera ndi muzu mawu sanali otumphukira. M'chilankhulo pali malo atsopano a mawu mapangidwe. Zitsanzo: ... Kupambana - Wopambana neri Al Spekhov-mopupuluma etc., kuimba - kucha, etc. Pa dzanja lina, chifukwa zosabvuta suffixes derivational mu gulu la wosabereka. Nthawi zina kumeneko ndipo malizitsani mofulumira zawo, zomwe zina amasintha kapangidwe morphemic. Chitsanzo: Mawu a maziko wakale woyamba, mtundu woyamba, umene m'chilankhulo masiku ano si otumphukira, osati anam'sankha ndi suffix -p-. The suffix womwewo waponya m'bale mawu.

Zifukwa zosabvuta

Timakalandira zosabvuta mawu zimayambira manyazi Red Palace. Iwo anakhala sanali otumphukira chifukwa amatayika pa ntchito momveka mogwirizana ndi mawu amenewa mmene iwo kamodzi anapanga. Zitsanzo: manyazi - kwambiri, wofiira (mtundu) - kukongola kwa nyumba yachifumu - pabwalo.

Morphemic zikuchokera mbali ya kulankhula wasintha chifukwa cha njira phonetic pa maziko a mawu awa: motley, nkhafi ndikupita, anamwalira. Iwo anasiya kulankhulana ndi zofunika kwambiri pa moyo, amene, osatinso kuonetsetsa ndi morpheme osiyana (zokongola - kulemba nkhafi ndikupita - kunyamula, womwalirayo - tulo).

zifukwa zomwe zimayambitsa zosabvuta, akhoza ntchito imodzi, intersect. Chifukwa cha njira zonsezi sizili zofanana ano ndi mbiri morphemic dongosolo. Mwachitsanzo, kupanda relatedness pakati pakati - chakudya - poizoni, phokoso - ndi mumafuna muziyamba kuchapa, ubwenzi - mfundo - Union - chinenero - chifukwa ankaona pakati pa mawu awa, zamalankhulidwe kusiyana, komanso chifukwa cha kusintha phonetic amene anachitika zapansi awo.

kukonzanso kuwonjezeka

Re-kuwonjezeka ndi kusokonekera kwa munthu mwa mawu morpheme, imbaenda chakuti m'munsi (a otumphukira otsala) mu kapangidwe kake likusonyeza morpheme ena. Mwachitsanzo, nyama, zikhulupiriro ndi -Gawo suffix (osati -skeleton), polankhula za moyo kugwirizana mawu zomanga. chakuti adjectives limene iwo anapanga (zhivny, zikhulupiriro), sizinagwire ntchito chinenero chamakono. Suffix -nost- kwa suffix -ost- lachokera. Ndi mitundu suffixes awiri awa: - N, amene anadulidwa kuchokera m'munsi mwa adjective ndi - msana.

Maphunziro a -skeleton otumphukira -nost - kumasonyeza ngati ndondomeko kuti umabweretsa kukonzanso Kukula ndizosowa Chirasha. Iye derivation munthu chosakanikirana ndi mzake, kapena Kutha munthu kapena ena a iwo mu Mphukira. Mwachitsanzo, pachimake ndodo, tikhoza kuzindikira suffix -lisch-, womwenso mu umembala zake -l- ena. suffix Last amanena mawu ndaweza anataya chinenero chamakono.

Kachiwiri kuwonjezeka akhoza kukhala pakati pa muzu ndi kumukhulupirira. Mwachitsanzo, mneni ankagwiritsa ntchito kuchotsa manambala oyambirira CH, ndi kuwatsatira muzu -ya-. Lero, liwu limene lagawidwa motere: c-AEs (zisanu).

kutanthauza reexpansion

The ndondomeko ya kukonzanso kuwonjezeka kumalimbitsa chinenero cha chakuti pali zitsanzo atsopano a mawu mapangidwe affixes ndi kukhala nthawi zipatso. Nthawi zambiri, njira imeneyi mapangidwe suffixes latsopano: - ochk- (mtengo-mgw-a), -ink- (fumbi-Inc.-a), -nost (nauni-tsa). Zambiri zokayikitsa kuonekera mtima (obez-, nebez-, kumvetsa), amene amakhala ndi pophatikizana a mtima ena awiri (nyani-volet, nebez-Darney, pansi-view).

kufanizira

Kuti adzathe kuwonjezeka ndi zosabvuta pa maziko kawirikawiri zimabweretsa osiyanasiyana analogies. Ndi otsiriza ndi zimatanthauza kuloŵerera zosonyeza mawu amodzi kupanga china, grammatically ofanana. Zikomo kwa iye, nthawi zambiri nkhani kusintha mbiri morphemic zikuchokera mawu. Kufanizira - masoka njira kuti amapezeka mu chinenero. Mitundu wosabereka wa yonama ndi derivation chifukwa kanthu ake anawayerekezera ndi mtundu wina wa njira waphindu ndi mawu. Pamene izi atayika pa zakale morpheme chlenimost kapena khalidwe lawo otumphukira.

Mu chinenero chamakono Russian angapo mitundu chiyambi cha zochita wamangidwa kufanizira. Makamaka izi kutsekedwa manauni sing'anga ndi chachimuna -s, -s, -s (anakhala aha, aha nyumba, nyumba m, S-Amunafikina). Iwo anaonekera chifukwa cha mitundu chimodzimodzi manauni chikazi (mabuku ndine - Wekha am, osati tebulo-TH). Zotsatira zake zinali kukonzanso patsogolo maziko ake (m'malo mabuku - mabuku). Iwo anasintha kwambiri mbiri dongosolo morphemic.

Vor- ku mawu muzu unakhazikitsidwa kutsegula. Izi zinachitika kudzera manambala oyambirira wachibale The. Mauwa pansi pa chikoka cha wina - kulenga. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mofanana kutsegula-kulenga maziko oyamba chinaperekedwa kuti adzathe kukula. Umayamba mapangidwe conceptualized ali ndi manambala oyambirira o-. Choncho chinenero chatsopano mawu mapangidwe m'munsi (pamene Kodi pa-, chitani-mitundu, ndi zina zotero. D.).

Vuto

Nthawi zina, kanthu kapena yatsoka mawu ofanana zokhudza kukhala maziko sanali otumphukira, kumabweretsa vuto la mtsogolo. Chifukwa cha ichi, kumakhaladi otumphukira, ie, iwo amayamba kugawikana.

Ndondomeko zosokonezeka zosiyana takambirana kukhudzana ndondomeko zosabvuta. Izi kutembenuka mu ndilochokera maziko, amene poyamba sanali otumphukira. Makamaka, mawu chosema Russian anaitenga ku Chifulenchi conceptualized poyamba si otumphukira. Koma kamodzi mu dongosolo la chinenero chathu anatuluka akutenga ndalama mochedwa engraver ndi kulembapo kuti "zovuta". mawu uyu anakhala otumphukira. Yaima grav- muzu ndi suffix -ur-. mtundu uwu kusintha anali ambiri mawu ngongole. Mwachitsanzo, chisokonezo, ndi Greek ndi kubadwila poyamba sanali otumphukira maziko. Komabe, chifukwa chakuti chinenero anali m'bale wake chisokonezo chotere, anarchical, anarchist, ndi ena. Iye anayamba kuuza. Choncho unakhazikitsidwa sanali otumphukira maziko anarh- ndi suffix m j-.

anakuta morpheme

Iye waima kunja, kusiya zochitika zomwe zatchulidwa pamwambapa, ndi imposition wa morpheme. Kumachitika pamene gawo la iwo amene woyenera chimodzimodzi. Mwachitsanzo, n'zotheka pakati pa gawo lapansi ndi suffix (Dynamo - Dynamo + nkhosa Sverdlovskii - Sverdlovsk + kumwamba). Komabe, imposition sizingatheke ngati tikukamba za muzu ndi kutonthoza (Irtysh, Zaamure).

Onse kusintha pamwamba mu kapangidwe ka mawu (a Vuto, kukonzanso thambo zosabvuta) kuti zikuchokera morphemic asintha njira ya chitukuko cha mbiri ya chinenero. Onse kusintha akuphunzira etymology. Kunena pomaliza, mawu ochepa za izo.

etymology

Etymology - chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha mawu osiyana. asayembekezere akhoza tikaona kudzera kusanthula etymological. Limawapatsa mpata kupeza mbiri mawu kupanga ubale, amene anali pachiyambi dongosolo morphemic mu izi kapena kuti mawu, komanso zifukwa chomwe lasintha kuyambira oyamba.