"Chipembedzo - ndi bongo wa anthu." woyambitsa akuti ndi ndani?

Ambiri a ife bwino ndi mawu akuti "Chipembedzo -. Za bongo a anthu" Nthawi zambiri anthu ntchito zolankhula zawo za tsiku ndi tsiku, koma si aliyense amaganizira za olemba ake.

Komabe, amene ananena mawu amenewa kwa nthawi yoyamba? Ndipo chifukwa iwo akhala ambiri? Timayesa kuyankha mwatsatanetsatane mafunso amenewa.

Amene poyamba ananena mawu amenewa?

Akatswiriwo amakhulupirira kuti nthawi yoyamba mawu akuti "Chipembedzo - ndi bongo wa anthu" ntchito mu ntchito zake, nthumwi ziwiri za dziko la mabuku Western: ndi Marquis de A Sade ndi Novalis. Ngakhale kuti pang'ono kale mu ntchito za oimira chakale cha Choonadi, cha m'ma 18, koma amaona kuti nthawi yoyamba mawu awa ananenedwa ndi mmodzi wa heroines a ntchito za Marquis de A Sade.

Mu buku, ndi Marquis de A Sade amatchedwa "Juliette", lofalitsidwa mu 1797, khalidwe lalikulu, kunena mfumu, kumuuza kuti ulamuliro osankhika a anthu amanyenga anthu, intoxicates iye bongo. Iwo amachita zimenezi chifukwa cha zofuna zawo.

Mwanjira imeneyi, mawu mu kutanthauzira kwa Marquis de A Sade satanthauza chipembedzo, koma zinthu zokhudza anthu a m'dera lomwe anthu ena, agwilitse udindo lalikulu, anakhala likuvutika ntchito ndi umphawi wa ena.

chipembedzo Novalis

Komabe, mu ntchito za German ndakatulo Novalis zotsatira za chipembedzo kale mwachindunji zogwirizana zochita za bongo. Chipembedzo monga Opium amakhudza anthu, koma si kuchiritsa mabala awo, koma amapha zowawa.

Ambiri, mawuwa anali kanthu kulibe Mulungu kapena opanduka. Masiku amenewo, kumwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ochititsa chachikulu, motero saona monga mankhwala ndi monga njira kuthandiza anthu odwala.

Chifukwa cha ndakatulo imeneyi ndi Novalis, kutanthauza zotsatira analgesic zipembedzo ayenera kukumbukira chakuti chipembedzo angapange mu moyo wa anthu mfundo zake zabwino, pang'ono mitigating ululu wa mavuto chikhalidwe amene mosalephera panthawi iliyonse.

"Chipembedzo - kwa anthu a Opium" Ndani ananena mawu amenewa mu England?

Neno za kufunika kwa chipembedzo, chozunzika ndi ntchito za Novalis ndi Marquis de A Sade mwina wawaiwala, ngati mpando-anatuluka mu England.

mawu awa anati mu ulaliki wake, Anglican wachipembedzo Charlz Kingsli. Iye anali umunthu zokongola: anzeru ndi ophunzira munthu, Kingsley anakhala m'modzi wa omwe adayambitsa lamadyerero malingaliro Mkhristu - chiphunzitso, zomwe zimaphatikizapo kukonzanso kwa anthu mfundo zachikhristu za makhalidwe abwino.

Mawu akuti "Chipembedzo - ndi bongo wa anthu" mu mabuku a wansembe uyu ntchito kutanthauza "ndi analgesic sedative."

mfundo ndi yakuti mu zaka za m'ma lomaliza ganizo Western anali kutsutsana mkangano za njira imene ayenera kusankhidwa kwa anthu njira ya umunthu wachikhristu, sosholisimu Mkhristu, njira ya sosholisimu kulibe Mulungu, kapena kungoti kuteteza alipo dongosolo la dziko.

Mmodzi wa otsutsa ndi Kingsley anakhala nzeru zapamwamba odziwika bwino ndi wolemba nkhani wa Karl Marx.

anati Kodi Marx?

Makamaka kuyamika Marx, mawuwa ndipo walandira ngati lonse kufalitsidwa. M'buku lake lotchuka "The wunika wa Philosophy Hegel chabwino" imene inafalitsidwa mu 1843, nzeru zapamwamba ndi vehemence achilendo kwa iye ndi m'mbali ananena kuti chipembedzo ndi njira kuletsa anthu, kusonyeza chilakolako cha anthu kuthawa ulamuliro wa chikhalidwe chawo ndi malamulo osalungama anthu.

Mpaka nthawi imeneyo, nzeru ena ochepa amadzinenera womkanikizawo kulemba mawu amenewa onena za chipembedzo. Ndipotu zinali mphukira choyamba cha tsogolo kulalikira kulibe Mulungu ndi zokomera onse, amene analanda dziko makumi ina.

Mwina yekha mosazindikira mpaka mapeto, anachita zambiri kuwononga maganizo wachikhristu Western ndinaganiza Marx. "Chipembedzo - ndi bongo wa anthu" - mawu amenewa m'njira yakuti amatanthauza mlaliki wa zokomera onse, zinali wowopsa munthu okonda kupemphera. umawononga wake akuwonetseredwa mu chakuti kusandulika chipembedzo mu bungwe chikhalidwe, Gona chikhalidwe ndi kutsekedwa nkhani ya kukhalapo kwa Mulungu m'dziko lapansi anthu.

ntchito Marx kwachititsa yaikulu kulira pagulu, choncho mawu za chipembedzo anakumbukira m'nthawi.

zolemba Lenin pa chipembedzo

Koma zingathandize kwambiri kumvetsa chipembedzo anapita V. I. Lenin. Chosintha, amene anali ziyenera zabwino pa nkhani ya "lamulo la Mulungu" ku sukulu ya sekondale mu 1905, analemba za chipembedzo monga njira wauzimu kupsinjidwa Tisawasale dongosolo chikhalidwe.

Choncho, wolemba mawu akuti "Chipembedzo - ndi Opium a anthu" (wathunthu mawu mwachindunji zikumveka ngati "Chipembedzo - ndi bongo wa anthu") mukhoza kutengedwa ngati Vladimira Ilicha.

Pambuyo zaka 4, Lenin analankhula za chipembedzo ndipo makamaka kwambiri, anafotokoza m'nkhani wake kuti mawu Marx ayenera kuwamva monga akamanena za Marxism, womwenso pa chakuti chipembedzo ndi njira muukapolo anthu a makalasi olamulira.

Ndiyeno, anati Ostap Bender?

Chitachitika Chisinthiko cha Bolshevik, ntchito za Marx ndi anzake afufuza mwachangu sukulu Soviet ndi yunivesite. mawu ambiri akhala nthawi yomweyo zoseketsa kupita kwa anthu.

Tachita ichi ndi mabuku satirical cha zaka. Mu buku la Olemba awiri I. Ilf ndi Petrov a "The khumi Mipando" wamng'ono adventurer Ostap Bender akufunsa wansembe wake mpikisano ndi mmene amagulitsa ndi bongo wa anthu. kukambirana pakati zilembo ziwiri zinalembedwa kotero kwakukuru mawu akuti Opium wakhala wotchuka kwambiri.

Masiku ano, munthu limagwiritsa ntchito mawu akuti m'maganizo ntchito za Marx ndi Lenin, ndi kukambirana pakati pa anthu otchuka awiri a buku otchuka.

Choncho likukhalira kuti ambiri, mu Lenin tanthauzo lake mawu sikuti chitakhazikitsidwa anthu athu. Chipembedzo lero si monga njira kuledzera. Izi si mankhwala amatsogolera anthu mudziko kuledzera, ndi thandizo la anthu zikutanthauza.

Choncho, tinganene kuti ambiri a ife zimadziŵa mawu akuti "Chipembedzo -. The Opium anthu amene adanena mawu awa, si kwambiri, chifukwa mawu tsopano ntchito kwambiri mu mtsempha zoseketsa. Ndipo ichi ndi chodziwikiratu kusintha.