Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti pa kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi akuluakulu (onani gome). Amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi ana: ntchito, mlingo

Aliyense akufuna kudziwa ngati ali ndi thanzi. Kuchita izi, pali dongosolo mayesero choyezera, amene ali ndi ufulu wosankha a ndithu tinganene za chikhalidwe chenicheni cha wodwalayo. Pakati ambiri angatchedwe ndi kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi. Akuluakulu ndi ana, izi yopimira zingasonyeze pamaso pa matenda obisika ndipo mpata kuuzidwa za ukupeza ambiri.

Mtundu uwu wa kufufuza nkhani kwambiri. Iwo osati Zimathandizanso kudziwa matenda alionse, komanso zambiri za zimene mavitamini, mchere ndi zinthu zina zofunika choperewera mu thupi la munthu. Nthawi zambiri, ndi amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi (ntchito mfundo decoding bwino kuti aliyense dokotala) anatumizidwa kuti azindikire matenda m'mimba, genitourinary dongosolo, mavuto matenda ndi Oncology ankaganizira.

Koma sindikuganiza kuti mtundu uwu wa magazi akapatsidwa yekha pansi madandaulo ena. Ngakhale wodwala akumva zogwira mtima, magazi sayansi awulule mitundu chobisika ndi magawo oyambirira a matenda kapena kusowa zinthu zofunika.

Adzalekeranji Analysis

Dongosolo la yobereka mfundo kuphunzira malamulo yake. Musanapite ku malo dokotala mayeso ino, wodwala sayenera kudya kapena kumwa, ngakhale madzi.

Kuyang'anira katswiri amatenga mtima 5 ml magazi m'mitsempha cubital. magaziwo pansi kuyezetsa mabuku, ndipo zotsatira omwe alowa mwapadera. Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti pa kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi akuluakulu (tebulo Nkhaniyi ikusonyeza) ndi gwero bwino deta kwa dokotala. Ndi kupezera mudziwe wathunthu za mmene wodwalayo.

Paokha, manambalawo imfomeshoni pang'ono mawonekedwe. Pofuna kuyamikira zotsatira, dokotala ayenera kuti nditenge Poyerekeza miyezo ya mayesero zasayansi. Sayansi magazi adzakhala bwino.

Aliyense wa i yoganizira alibe mfundo zodziwika bwino. Pali osachepera ndi pazipita kololeka makhalidwe zinthu zonse kafukufukuyu. Ngati zotsatirazi ndi m'gulu osiyanasiyana wabwinobwino, ndi kuvutika mtima anapezeka. Pa nkhani ya imfa ya mtengo anali mfundo malire anatchula pamaso pa kusintha pathological.

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti pa kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi akuluakulu - tebulo lomwe akusonyeza nambala mwachilungamo lalikulu la zinthu. Tiyeni tione mfundo yofunika kwambiri pa phunziro ili zasayansi.

albumin

Albumin - mankhwala a mapuloteni chikhalidwe, amene amapangidwa mu chiwindi anthu. Ndi mapuloteni lalikulu magazi ndi tochoka mu gulu osiyana, kutanthauza "mapuloteni kachigawo". Kusintha kwa chiŵerengero cha magulu nkhani kwambiri dokotala. Nthawi zambiri, zotsatira za muyeso wa chikhalidwe impso albumin woweruza, pamaso pa khansa kapena la misempha.

Albumin ali penapake yafupika amayi apakati ndi lactating, komanso osuta. Izi mankhwala proteinaceous kungakhale mu ndende otsika kudya zatha mapuloteni zakudya, mankhwala m'thupi ndi kulera. Chinawonjezeka mtengo wa mayesero amenewa angasonyeze pamaso pa:

• pathologies wa pachimake ndi aakulu chikhalidwe chiwindi (matenda enaake, matenda a chiwindi, chotupa);
• kuvulala ndi amayaka;
• sepsis, matenda kapena suppuration;
• la misempha;
• malungo;
• mtima kulephera;
• khansara;
• mankhwala ambiri osokoneza.

Normative albumin kanjedza ndi:

m'badwo wodwalayo	Chiŵerengero, g / L
ana	37 - 53
kwa zaka 60	36 - 51
ukalamba wa zaka 60 ndipo pamwamba	35 - 47

Total mapuloteni

Mapuloteni - zakuthupi polymeric wapangidwa ndi amino zidulo. Mu sayansi akuti "okwana mapuloteni" zikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni mu wa seramu magazi ndipo imakhala albumin ndi globulins. chizindikiro ichi ndi nkhani za matenda a matenda chiwindi thirakiti m'mimba, khansa ndi kuvulala aakulu lamoto. Kachulukidwe muyeso mapuloteni chonse adzakhala decoding kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi mu wamkulu, lopatsidwa pansipa tebulo.

M'badwo wa wodwalayo	Chiŵerengero, g / L
akhanda	48 - 73
mpaka 1 chaka	45 - 71
zaka 1-4	62 - 73
zaka 5-7	51 - 77
Ana kwa zaka 8 mpaka 15	59 - 75
akuluakulu	65 - 84

Ngati kusanthula anali underreporting la Chiwerengerochi, tikhoza kunena izi zokhudza mavuto wodwalayo:

• nthenda;
• matenda enaake ophwanya;
• khansa.

Ana, kulera mlingo chonse zomanga thupi limodzi ndi matumbo kutsekeka, kutsekula ndi kusanza, kolera ndi zilonda zamoto.

Munthu amene mayeso umagwirira magazi yafupika, tinganene matenda otsatirawa:

• zochitika pathological mu chiwindi zimene zimachititsa kuchepetsa zokolola mapuloteni ndi thupi ili;
• glomerulonephritis;
• kapamba;
• monyanyira kapepala kakuti m'mimba.

Kawirikawiri, okwana mapuloteni utachepa odwala ndi imfa lalikulu magazi, zilonda zamoto, kuvulala ndi njira zosiyanasiyana yotupa, komanso kusala kudya ndi aakulu.

C-zotakasika mapuloteni

chigawo Izi zikusonyeza kutupa, matenda, kukhalapo kwa majeremusi. Popeza ntchito ya mapuloteni - ndi yolimbikitsa ya chitetezo chokwanira, ndende wake wayamba kuonjezera zikuchepa pa chiwonetsero cha zochita za thupi. Mwachibadwa, ndi CRP ambiri 0.5 mg / L.

Pakuti kusanthula dokotala CRP ndikofunika mu matenda a matenda oyamba ndi mabakiteriya kapena mavairasi. Komanso, mphamvu ya chizindikiro ichi amaweruzidwa mphamvu ya chithandizocho. Okwera CRP ndende anamuona:

• la misempha;
• matenda a dongosolo m'mimba;
• chifuwa chachikulu;
• m'mnyewa wamtima infarction;
• khansara;
• meninjaitisi;
• sepsis;
• zosokonezeka pambuyo opaleshoni.

CRP ndende ndi kuchuluka pa exacerbation la matenda aakulu.

glycosylated hemoglobin

Hemoglobin ndi amene mayendedwe a okosijeni thupi lonse. Pa Kuwonjezera mamolekyu otere mapuloteni a shuga analandira mankhwala otchedwa glycated hemoglobin. Kuwonjezeka mu ndende zake magazi - chifukwa matenda a shuga akuganiza. Ponseponse ya mapuloteni okhutira - 4,1-6,6%. M'munsi kanjedza ali yaitali osadya chakudya ndipo aakulu.

myoglobin

mapuloteni Izi zikufanana mu ntchito kwa hemoglobin lapansi. Iwo amapereka mpweya kwa mtima ndi minofu chigoba. Mfundo myoglobin, ug / l:

• akazi - 13-75;
• mwamuna - 18-92,1.

Chulukitsani myoglobin magazi akuti:

• matenda a impso;
• m'mnyewa wamtima infarction;
• kuvulala, amayaka;
• zochitika convulsive.

Myoglobin komanso ikukula mu masewera ndi mankhwala ndi elekroimpulsov.

Izi mapuloteni magazi amachepetsa pamene:

• polymyositis;
• myasthenia gravis;
• nyamakazi;
• zochita autoimmune.

Transferrin, ferritin, seramu zhelezosvertyvayuschaya luso

Transferrin - mapuloteni amachititsa zoyendera ya chitsulo. Wakudziko nkhani zake - 2,1-4,12 g / L. ndende yake wokwezeka pa amayi apakati ndi yafupika okalamba.

Ngati magazi sayansi anasonyeza chodziwa zili transferrin, kungasonyeze matenda otsatirawa:

• kutupa;
• amayaka;
• khansara;
• matenda enaake;
• chitsulo owonjezera;
• hemochromatosis.

Kuchuluka transferrin limasonyeza akusowa chitsulo magazi m'thupi.

Ferritin - mapuloteni yomwe imapezeka mu madzi thupi ndi maselo a thupi la munthu. Izo zimasonyeza pamaso pa masitolo chitsulo. magawo dekhetsa wa ferritin, ng / L m'magazi zimatengera pansi ndi tichipeza:

• mwamuna - 21-252;
• akazi - 11-122;

Pa amadwala n'zotheka kulankhula za pathologies zotsatirazi:

• hemochromatosis ndi zimamuchulukira chitsulo;
• Oncology, khansa;
• matenda opatsirana ndi yotupa mu aakulu kapena pachimake;
• chiwindi matenda;

Low ferritin limasonyeza kukhalapo kwa magazi m'thupi.

CSH akutithandiza mmene kumanga yachitsulo kuti transferrin. Kudziwa kugwiritsa ntchito magazi m'thupi Lingaliro la LSC zobisika. Mlingo kwa muyezo izi 22-61 mol / l. kuchepa ake ali pa:

• chiwindi;
• magazi m'thupi.

Kuchepetsa wa CSH zimawonedwa pansi zinthu zotsatirazi:

• matenda opatsirana;
• kutupa;
• nephrosis;
• kutopa;
• matenda enaake;
• hemochromatosis ndi thalassemia.

rheumatoid chinthu

zinthu izi za immunoglobulin kalasi G-lgG. Ndi mbadwa kuti mapuloteni thupi zimene mutated ndipo anayamba kuzindikira maselo a ziwalo zosiyanasiyana kunja mchikakamizo cha mavairasi. Normal amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi wamkulu kwa chizindikiro ichi - 10,1 U / ml. Nthawi ya kuchuluka kwa mapuloteni izo zifika pa matenda awa:

• matenda enaake;
• khansara;
• polymyositis;
• nyamakazi;
• dermatomyositis;
• matenda;
• zokhudza zonse lupus erythematosus.

michere

Chinawathandiza kumvetsa n'chakuti pa kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi akuluakulu, tebulo amaperekedwa kwa wodwala manja, mulinso deta pa zili kachulukidwe wa michere zotsatirazi:

• Amylase. enzyme Izi anamasulidwa ndi malovu (diastase) ndi kapamba. Last otchedwa pancreatic amylase. Diastase yodziwika malamulo 29-101 U / L. Choposa ichi chithunzi amasonyeza anomalies kapamba, cholecystitis, pachimake peritonitis, mumps ndi shuga. Pancreatic amylase yachibadwa, ngati ili mkati 0-52 U / L. Mkulu ndende ya akulankhula za pathologies a kapamba.
• Lactate dehydrogenase - enzyme kuti angapezeke pafupifupi ziwalo ndipo zimakhala. Ndi zaka, ndende kugwa. Ngati wakhanda ndi ochititsa LDH 2010 U / L, patatha zaka 12, ponseponse yafupika 252 U / L. The mkulu wa ndende enzyme amasonyeza hypoxia, mtima ndi mtima matenda, chiwindi, m'mapapo, ndipo angasonyeze khansa.
• Creatine kinase - puloteni amene amapereka minofu ndi mphamvu. The zili nkhaniyi ikusonyeza kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi. Malamulo zolozera wa puloteni imeneyi ikhoza kusintha kutengera ndi msinkhu komanso jenda. Ngati muli wakhanda chizindikiro ichi chinali 650 U / L, akuluakulu - za 202 U / L.

Kuchuluka ndende ya nkhani CK za matenda mtima, kafumbata, hypothyroidism, matenda chapakati mantha dongosolo ndi khansa. Anthu ambiri enzyme ndi yafupika nthawi akulu dystrophy ndi chilichonse.

The zili izi ndi zina michere adzakupatsani lingaliro amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi. Sayansi magazi atha kudziwa za ndende ya michere zotsatirazi: alanine aminotransferase, Popanga madzi a gamma - GT, Ast, esterase, phosphatase zamchere ndi lipase.

lipids

Zowonetsera ndi magazi amuzolengedwa kusanthula ndi lipids mmol / l:

• okwana mafuta m'thupi, ponseponse wa 3,2-6,12;
• LDL, ponseponse kwa amuna - 2,26-4,81, akazi - 1,9-4,51;
• HDL mafuta m'thupi, ponseponse amuna 0,73-1,74 akazi - 0,87-2,27.

Chiwerengerochi mpweya wa akwaniritsa zimenezi kulankhula za matenda a mtima ndi magazi zotengera, impso, gout, kuvutika pancreatic, kunenepa, anorexia uchidakwa. Yafupika umboni zamadzimadzi a magazi m'thupi, mtima kulephera, matenda, matenda enaake chiwindi khansa, matenda a m'mapapo.

chakudya

Table amuzolengedwa kusanthula magazi, decoding amene ali wa chidwi odwala onse, mulinso nkhani zomwe zili chakudya:

• Shuga. Ndi chinthu molimba matenda a shuga. Malamulo a shuga m'magazi, mol / L ndi: ana ndi achinyamata - 3,34-5,6; akuluakulu - 3,95-5,82; pambuyo zaka 60 - 6.4. Mkulu zimam'patsa zili ikunena za matenda endocrine, matenda a shuga, matenda a mtima ndiponso sitiroko, matenda a kapamba ndi impso. Yafupika shuga zimasonyeza matenda a m'mimba thirakiti, poyizoni ndi hypothyroidism.
• Fructosamine ndi muyezo wa matenda a shuga ndi kufufuza khalidwe la mankhwala ake. ndende yake malire - 203-282 mmol / l. Pa nkhani ya makhalidwe ndi impso, matenda a shuga kapena hypothyroidism. Pa woipa otsika fructosamine nkhani ya hyperthyroidism ndi impso matenda.

inki

Mwa zizindikiro zina mu kusanthula "sayansi magazi," mungapeze chizindikiro "bilirubin". Iwo amayezedwa mmol / l ndi a mitundu yosiyanasiyana:

• Direct. Norma 0-3,32;
• Cacikulu. Wakudziko 3,38-17,23.

Kuchuluka bilirubin akusonyeza kuvutika kwa chiwindi ndi chofunika vitamini _B12.

zigawo zina zimapangidwira magazi

Dokotala aliyense ali nalo lingaliro momwe kumvetsa ndi kusanthula amuzolengedwa magazi: yachibadwa (Table: akulu ndi ana) aliyense chigawo chimodzi chofunika kuti aone mmene wodwalayo. Kuwonjezera zigawo izi mu mndandanda wa zotsatira za zasayansi kafukufuku zikuphatikizapo:

chizindikiro	mayunitsi pa miyezo	wakudziko
creatinine	mmol / l	kwa chaka chimodzi - 17-36 zaka chaka chimodzi 14 - 28-61 akazi - 52-98 mwamuna - 61-116
asidi uric		zaka 14 - 1,83-6,42 mwamuna - 210-420 akazi - 151-352
urea	mmol L	zaka 14 - 1,83-6,42 zaka akulu 14-60 - 2,51-6,42 pambuyo zaka 60 - 2,91-7,52
potaziyamu		mpaka chaka - 4,12-5,31 zaka 1-14 - 3,42-4,72 akuluakulu - 3,51-5,54
kashiamu		2,23-2,52
ndi sodium		136-145
chlorine		98-107
mankhwala enaake a		0,63-1,12
phosphorous		zaka 2 - 1,46-2,15 zaka 2-12 - 1,45-1,77 zaka akulu 12-60 - 0,88-1,46 akazi pambuyo pa zaka 60 - 0,9-1,33 mwamuna pambuyo pa zaka 60 - 0,73-1,22
chitsulo	mmol / l	mpaka chaka - 7,22-17,92 zaka 1-14 - 9,03-21,52 wamkazi - 9,0-30,4 mwamuna - 11,63-30,42
Witham B12	PG / ml ya	180-900
kupatsidwa folic acid	ng / ml ya	3,1-18

Potaya litsatidwe deta analandira kuchokera kuphunzira umagwirira magazi, kwenikweni kuganizira mfundo za zasayansi kumene kuwunika chitachitidwa. Kuti apange matenda zolondola, dokotala chofunika kuti asankhe kufufuza zina.