Phazi la munthu - uyu ndi gawo la thupi la munthu, omwe ndi anthu otchuka kwambiri a anyani bipedal. Iye tsiku anakumana ndi katundu chachikulu, kotero anthu ambiri mu njira imodzi kapena wina mavuto a izo. phazi nthawi zonse kutengera zinthu zingapo: zolimbitsa thupi, umoyo, ntchito zikutanthauza kuthamanga nsapato. Zonsezi zingachititse kuti matenda a thupi.
Kumvetsa mmene mungachepetsere kungasokoneze wa zinthu zosiyanasiyana zimene zimakhudza umoyo wa malekezero a m'munsi ayenera kuphunzira zimene tingachite phazi. ulamuliro Izi zikuphatikizapo zimfundo ndi mafupa; tendons ndi Mitsemphayi; misempha; minofu; Mitsempha. Mafupa phazi la munthu lili ndi mafupa 26, m'zigawo 3: proximal (Tariso; kugunda; navicular; chidendene; cuboid; wapakatikati, ndi medial ndi mafupa lateral zakale) metatarsus (wapangidwa ndi mafupa lalifupi asanu inali pakati pa phalanges ndi Tariso), zala (14 mafupa amapanga zigawo (phalanx)). N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chala ali phalanges awiri, ndi kwa onse - 3.
thunthu phazi chifukwa timatha kuyenda ndi miyendo iwiri. Kodi thupi ili? maziko ake ali fupa la talus ndi mwamphamvu zikugwirizana ndi tibial lapansi. Iwo ndi a kumwendo olowa. Katundu chachikulu cha kulemera kwa thupi imagwera pa chidendene metatarsals. Zisanu metatarsal mafupa olumikiza phalanges. Mafupa phazi m'pamene kwa Mitsemphayi udindo kukhulupirika kwa malo. Mbali yofunika ndipo tendons kuti agwirizane minofu ndi mafupa. Mphamvu ndi elasticity wa zimakhala amenewa amapereka kolajeni ulusi umene zapiringizana mu mawonekedwe a chingwe. The tendon zofunika kwambiri phazi ndi otchedwa "Achilles" imene ili mbali ina ya minofu gastrocnemius. Iwo Ufumuyo fupa chidendene. Ndicho, chimathandiza munthu kudzuka pa zala zanu ndi idzakungana phazi. Tendon anakafika ku zapambuyo tibial minofu, amapereka likuzungulira inwards, kuthandiza arches phazi. Mitsemphayi Small kulumikiza mafupa. Ena mwa iwo apanga kapisozi ozungulira zigawo anzake a mafupa. Kabukuka kali ndi madzimadzi olowa.
phazi chikuphatikizapo kuchuluka kwa minofu: zamadzi, kumbuyo, intertarsal. Pakati pawo ndi flexor ndi extensor. misempha izi thicker imakonzedwa, waukulu umene ali tibial. Kutuluka mkati bondo la, chimaoneka pa phazi. mitsempha limapereka kayendedwe ka ambiri minofu ya phazi ndipo amaupereka tilinazo. Chabwino, ntchito yobweretsa magazi a thupi limafanana ndi mitsempha awiri: zapambuyo ndi zapambuyo tibial. Mmodzi wa iwo zikuchitika pa maziko, ndipo unagawanika mu nthambi ziwiri. The chachiwiri (kutsogolo) akudutsa kutsogolo phazi, musayambe Arc. Venous outflow imagwiridwa ntchito ziwiri pamwamba (yaikuluikulu saphenous) ndi awiri kwambiri mtsempha (tibialis zapambuyo ndi zapambuyo).
Pali wapadera "anawasema" mu phazi. Iwo anamanga ngati zotanuka Chipilala kutha chala ndi chidendene. Mafupa phazi tichipeza awiri Chipilala - yopingasa ndi kotenga. Mu wathanzi anthu m'munsi nthambi katundu ndi anagawira uniformly ndipo malinga ndi sitepe kapena magawo akuthamanga. phazi apuma pa pansi pa kumbuyo (a calcaneal tuber) ndipo kutsogolo (metatarsals), lomwe lili ndi katundu wabwino ndi akasupe.