Chifanizo cha buku Napoleon ndi "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" ndi Tolstoy

Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy anamaliza 1867 ntchito pa buku lake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Events 1805 ndi 1812 a, komanso atsogoleri a asilikali amene anali nawo chitsutso cha France ndi Russia ndi mfundo yaikulu ya ntchitoyo.

Monga munthu aliyense okonda mtendere, Tolstoy anadzudzula nkhondo. Iye anali kukangana ndi anthu amene ali maudani "kukongola chodabwitsa." Author amapezeka mu kufotokoza zochitika mu 1805 monga wolemba ndi zausilikali. Komabe, akulankhula za nkhondo ya 1812, Leo amasuntha kale wakutemwa malo.

Image wa Napoleon ndi Kutuzov

Analengedwa m'chifanizo cha Napoleon ndi Kutuzov buku - omveka akuti mfundo ntchito ziwerengero chithunzi Tolstoy a mbiri. Iyayi zilembo zonse lifanane ndi prototypes weniweni. Tolstoy alibe mtima wofuna, kudzatunga zopelekedwa zithunzi odalirika Chiwerengerochi kupanga buku "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Napoleon, Kutuzov ndi anthu ena kuchita makamaka onyamula malingaliro. Mulibe mu ntchito za mfundo zambiri odziwika bwino. Akukokomeza makhalidwe ena onse mtsogoleri wa (mwachitsanzo, passivity ndi kusokonezeka maganizo Kutuzova posturing ndi narcissistic Napoleon). Kuona French ndi Russian mkulu, komanso mafanizo ena mbiri, Tolstoy likukhudza anasiyiratu i abwino. Chifanizo cha buku Napoleon ndi "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" - mutu wa nkhaniyi.

Mfumu French ndi otsutsana a Kutuzov. Ngati Mihaila Illarionovicha tinganene kuti ngwazi zabwino nthawi, fano Tolstogo Napoleon ndicho odana ndi wopambana mu mankhwala "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere".

Chithunzi cha Napoleon

Tolstoy anatsindika zofooka ndi azidzidalira wa mkulu, ndilo zinaonekera m'mawu ake onse, manja ndi zochita. Chithunzi cha Napoleon n'zolakwika. Iye ali "lalifupi", "stouter" chithunzi "ntchafu mafuta", fussy othamanga gait, "ndi plump woyera khosi", "kuzungulira m'mimba", "mapewa wandiweyani." Chotero ali chithunzithunzi cha buku Napoleon ndi "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Pofotokoza m'mawa chimbudzi French Mfumu pamaso Borodino nkhondo Leo unmasking chithunzi khalidwe makhalidwe a choyambirira mankhwala, umachuluka. Mfumu "anakonzekeretsa thupi," "inamera mabere mafuta," "yellow" ndi "kutupa" nkhope. Zimenezi zikusonyeza kuti Napoleon Bonaparte ( "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere") anali munthu kutali moyo ntchito ndi mizu mlendo wowerengeka. Mtsogoleri wa French amasonyeza egomaniac narcissistic amene amaganiza amamvera chilengedwe chonse. Kwa iye, anthu sanena chidwi.

Napoleon khalidwe, unsembe wake wa kulankhula

Chifanizo cha buku Napoleon ndi "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" chaululidwa si maonekedwe ake. M'njira wake wa kulankhula ndi khalidwe amasonyezanso kudzera Buku lina ndi zofooka. Iye anatsimikiza namatetule wake ndi ukulu. Bwino - zimene analowa mutu wake, osati chimene chiri chabwino, monga Tolstoy anati. Mu buku aliyense zosayembekezereka wa khalidwe limodzi ndi opanda chifundo ndemanga mlembi. Mwachitsanzo, mu buku lachitatu (mbali yoyamba ya chaputala chachisanu ndi chimodzi) Tolstoy analemba kuti zinaonekeratu munthu amene anali chidwi kumachitika kokha mu malingaliro ake kwa iye.

Ntchito zake "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" yodziwika khalidwe la Napoleon ngati mfundo zotsatirazi. Ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa chabwino, nthawi zina kwasanduka monyoza, wolemba debunks amanena kuti ulamuliro dziko la Bonaparte, komanso machitidwe ake, zonse naonekera kwa mbiri. nthawi zonse, mfumu French anachita mawu ake, khalidwe lawo linali kanthu zachilengedwe ndi yosavuta. Titha kwambiri mochititsatu kaso Lvom Nikolaevichem mu zochitika pamene chidwi Borodino munda chithunzi cha mwana wake. Mu njira ya buku Napoleon ndi "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere" amamuonera zina zofunika kwambiri. Ife kufotokoza chochitika ichi mwachidule.

Zomwe zinachitika ndi chithunzi cha mwana Napoleon ndi

Napoleon anayenda napita kwa kupenta, poganiza kuti zimene adzachite, ndipo adzati tsopano kuti "pali nkhani." Chithunzicho anasonyeza kuti mwana wa mfumu, amene anali kusewera mu kapu ndi mpira lonse. Izi zimaonetsera ukulu wa mtsogoleri wa French Koma Napoleon anafuna kusonyeza "tate mwachikondi." Ndithudi, izi anali akuchita koyera. Napoleon sanali kufotokoza apa ndi kumverera oona mtima, litsedeystvoval yekha, anafunsa kuti mbiri. Chithunzi chimenechi chikusonyeza kudzikuza kwa munthu amene amakhulupirira kuti onse Russia lidzatheratu ndi kugonjetsa Moscow ndi ikuchitika ngati njira mapulani ake ulamuliro pa dziko lonse.

Napoleon - wosewera ndi player

Ndipo chiwerengero cha nkhani zina za malongosoledwe Napoleon ndi ( "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere") limasonyeza kuti wosewera mpira ndipo wosewera. Iye akuti madzulo a Nkhondo ya Borodino kuti Chess chaonekera, masewero adzayamba mawa. Pa tsiku la nkhondo, Tolstoy anati pambuyo kulira kwa mfuti, "Game pa." Komanso wolemba limasonyeza kuti ataya masauzande ambirimbiri. Prince Andrew akuganiza kuti nkhondoyo - uyu si masewera koma kufunikira wankhanza. Njira mwapadera zinali pa ganizo la mmodzi wa atchulidwa ntchito ya "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". chithunzi Napoleon ali nyamukani ndi ndemanga iyi. Prince Andrew anafotokoza maganizo ake a mtendere wa anthu, amene anakakamizika, m'mikhalidwe kwapadera, kutenga zida chifukwa cha ukapolo kuopseza imene yatsala pa dziko mbadwa.

zotsatira azithunzithunzi opangidwa ndi mfumu French

Zinalibe kanthu kuti Napoleon kuti sangakwanitsedi iye, monga kuti iye ankaona kuti dziko lonse ankadalira yekha pa chifuniro chake. ndemanga iyi amapereka Tolstoy M'nkhani ya msonkhano ndi Balashev wake ( "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"). Chifanizo cha Napoleon mu izo kusinthidwa ndi zinthu zatsopano. Tolstoy limatsindika kusiyana pakati pa Mfumu ndi nonentity wake mkulu kudzidalira. Azithunzithunzi nkhondo imene ikutuluka Pankhaniyi - umboni bwino yekhayekha ndipo mpheto izi wotchuka, amene amanamizira kuti ndi olemekezeka ndi amphamvu.

dziko wauzimu Napoleon ndi

Kumvetsetsa wauzimu mtsogoleri dziko Tolstoy a French - Kodi "dziko yokumba" anthu "mizukwa wa ukulu a" (Volume atatu, Cigawo chachiwiri, Chapter 38). Ndipotu, Napoleon wamoyo chitsimikizo cha choonadi wokalamba kuti "mfumu ali kapolo wa mbiri" (Volume atatu, Chigawo choyamba, Chapter 1). Poganizira kuti adzachite chifuniro chake, izi wotchuka akusewera yekha "katundu", "wachisoni" ndi "ankhanza," "oipa mtima udindo" amene anafuna. Nkomwe iye akanakhoza kupanga, ngati munthu uyu sanali zinada chikumbumtima ndi maganizo (Volume atatu, Cigawo chachiwiri, Chapter 38). Wolemba amaona aberration wa mkulu kuti mwadala liukitsidwa callousness wauzimu amene walandiridwa monga ukulu weniweni ndi kulimba mtima.

Mwachitsanzo, mu buku wachitatu (mbali ziwiri, chaputala 38) limanena kuti iye ankakonda kuchitira anavulazidwa ndi akufa, potero kudziyesa mphamvu maganizo (monga Napoleon adakhulupirira iye yekha). M'nkhani, pamene mtsinje Neman anawoloka squadron wa lancers Polish, ndi msilikali wothandiza mfumu uja mu maso ake analola kuti linaperekedwa kwa kudzipereka kwa Zitsulo chidwi cha mfumu, Napoleon otchedwa Berthier kwa iye ndi kuyamba kuyenda naye m'mbali mwa nyanja, kupereka kwa malamulo ndi osakondwa zina glancing pa Uhlans wamira, omwe anachereza chidwi. Kwa iye, imfa - cholemetsa ndi pamaso wamba. Napoleon amatenga mwachibwanabwana chosadzikonda kudzipereka kwa asilikali awo.

Napoleon - kwambiri wosasangalala munthu

Tolstoy motsindika kuti munthu uyu anali kwambiri wosasangalala koma sanali zindikirani ichi chifukwa cha pakalibe zina wamakhalidwe. "Wamkulu" Napoleon, "European Hero" mwamakhalidwe akhungu. Iye sangakhoze kumvetsa kapena kukongola, kapena chabwino kapena choonadi, kapena mtengo wa ntchito yake, kumene monga Lev Tolstoy anati, anali "otsutsa ubwino ndi choonadi," "kutali anthu onse." Napoleon sanathe kumvetsa zake (kuphatikizapo wachitatu, mbali ziwiri, chaputala 38). Kubwera ku choonadi ndi ubwino, mu maganizo a wolemba, kuti zitha anakana pa ukulu kungoganiza za umunthu wake. Komabe, chifukwa "zozizwitsa" chinthu si angathe Napoleon.

Napoleon udindo zimene anachitira iwo

Ngakhale kuti wathedwa yofunika zoipa mu mbiriyakale, Tolstoy sasiya udindo wa munthu pa zochita zawo zonse kwa iwo. Iye analemba kuti Napoleon ankafuna kuti "ufulu", "wachisoni" ntchito ya wakupha wa mitundu yambiri Komabe, dziwani okha kuti atithandize cholinga cha zochita zake ndi kuti iye akanakhoza kusamalira ndi kutsogolera malo wa anthu ambiri kuchita ndi ntchito zake za mphamvu. Napoleon kulingalira kuti nkhondo ndi Russia zinachitika mogwirizana ndi chifuniro chake, mtima wake sizinkagunda mantha chakwaniritsidwa (Volume atatu, Cigawo chachiwiri, Chapter 38).

Napoleon otchulidwa mankhwala khalidwe

Ngwazi zina za Napoleonic mankhwala khalidwe Leo zikugwirizana ndi kupanda khalidwe la wamakhalidwe (mwachitsanzo, Helen), kapena ndi zolakwa zawo zomvetsa chisoni. Choncho, monga mnyamata kusiya mfundo za French mfumu Per Bezuhov anakhala mu Moscow kuti amuphe ndipo adzakhala "Mpulumutsi wa anthu." Mu magawo oyambirira a moyo wauzimu Andrey Bolkonsky ndinalota kuti apewe ena, ngakhale ngati mukufuna kuti apereke kwa banja ndi banja. M'chifanizo cha Leo Tolstoy Napoleonism - matenda oopsa umene umawalekanitsa anthu. Iwo imawachititsa kuyenda uku ndi mwakhungu pa wauzimu "kutali msewu".

Image wa Napoleon ndi Kutuzov azambiriyakale

Tolstoy anati kuti olemba mbiri yakale atamandira Napoleon, akuganiza kuti iye anali munthu wamkulu kwambiri, ndipo Kutuzov akuimbidwa mlandu wa kukhala ndi zolephera kwambiri chabe ndi asilikali. Ndipotu, French Mfumu yapangidwa 1812 ndi mphepo ya ntchito. Iye kukangana za, anauza kuti ena ankaoneka waluntha. Mawu, munthu uyu zinthu kotero kuti "mkulu kwambiri." Chithunzi cha Kutuzov chomwecho mu Tolstoy si zogwirizana ndi mfundo namatetule, amwedwa pa nthawi. Wolemba mwadala exaggerates decrepitude ake. Choncho, Kutuzov pa bungwe asilikali Kodi tisagone kuti asonyeze "kunyoza wamtima", koma chifukwa iye ankafuna kugona (Buku lina Part atatu, 12). Mtsogoleri wamkulu sapereka malamulo. Iye yekha endorses zimene amaona wololera komanso wosaganizira onse anakana. Kutuzov salowa nkhondo, osachita chilichonse. Iwo Kutuzov bungwe pa Fili, kukhalabe kunja bata, akusankha kuchoka Moscow, zomwe zinamulepheretsa kwambiri kusauka kwa maganizo.

Kodi Mzimuyo lonse woona wa munthu, malinga Tolstoy?

Pafupifupi onse nkhondozo ndi Napoleon, Kutuzov anataya pafupifupi chilichonse. Mavuto anavutika ndi asilikali Russian ndi Red Berezina. Komabe, iye amene potsirizira pake anapambana nkhondo molamulidwa ndi asilikali, "wanzeru ankhondo." Tolstoy motsindika kuti olemba mbiri zoyenera Napoleon, ndikukhulupirira kuti izo zinali basi munthu wamkulu, wopambana. Malinga ndi iwo, munthu wa ukulu uwu sungakhoze kukhala oipa ndi abwino. Chifanizo cha Napoleon mabuku ndi nthawi zambiri pa ngodya iyi. Beyond akugwirizana ndi makhalidwe abwino, monga olemba zosiyanasiyana, ndi zochita za munthu wamkulu. olemba mbiri ndi anthu olemba mabuku amenewa, ngakhale manyazi kuthawa asilikali a mfumu French Akuti monga mwa chapamwamba. Malinga ndi umunthu Tolstoy lenileni si kuwayeza lonse la "mitunduyi onyenga" olemba mbiri zosiyanasiyana. Great bodza mbiri ukulu wa munthu ngati Napoleon ( "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere"). Quotes ntchito zake watisonyeza kutsimikizira izo. Tolstoy anapeza ukulu weniweni mu Mikhail Kutuzov Illarionovich, wodzichepetsa nkhani ntchito.