Chidule cha "namatetule akale" Leskov. ntchito Leskov

Kuyambira cha m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi mu Russia ayamba kulenga anthu omwe mozama mu chikondi dziko lawo, ndimakhulupirira mwa anthu, anzeru ndi luso, ya ufulu mu mawonekedwe ake onse, anatsutsa lingaliro la mwamuna wamng'ono.

Mmodzi wa zapamwamba, amene bwanji ulusi kwambiri amakhala Leskov.

"Old namatetule", kusanthula zomwe limasonyeza tanthauzo lakuya ntchito kuposa Zingaoneke koyamba, chidwi owerenga ndi malingaliro osiyana.

Mwachidule za wolemba

Zojambula Leskov "Old Genius" ndi chimodzi mwa zolengedwa bwino kwambiri wolemba.

Nikolay Semenovich Leskov - mmodzi wa olemba Russia anthu ambiri. Iye analenga nkhani komanso mabuku za tsogolo la anthu wamba. N'zosatheka kupeza ntchito mabodza ake kapena chinyengo, chifukwa iye analemba kuti ankadziwa. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti analembanso mu mtundu wanyimbo, amene si mmene kwambiri mabuku Russian - Khirisimasi nkhani. Mlembi sakhulupirira mu mpingo, makamaka kukakumana wake ndi Leo Tolstoy. Iye kunyoza makhalidwe oipa a atsogoleri achipembedzo, monga zoona. Bwino kuti ntchito sadzakhala kuphunzira andale ndi olemba, anapitiriza kulemba. Pa nthawi yomweyo ananena kuti palibe wina adzakuuzani nkhani yake "Night akadzidzi", adzausungira ku chitseko chokhoma, chifukwa, nthawi zambiri, palibe m'modzi adzawona zimene ankatanthauza.

ntchito zazikulu

Koma mu theka lachiwiri la zaka mazana makumi awiri, Nikolai Semenovich akulowa m'gulu la olemba anazindikira, osati mwa muno, komanso oweruza yachilendo. Pakati analenga wolemekezeka kwambiri ndi ntchito monga "Palibe" (1864), "alakwa" (1865), "Islands" (1866), "pa loggerheads" (1870), "Cathedral Folk" (1872), "ndi rundown mpikisano "(1874) ndi" Mdyerekezi chidole ", lofalitsidwa mu 1890.

Chidule cha "namatetule akale" Leskov

Mayi wokalamba anaulula kwa wokondedwa wina wa ku St. Petersburg, chifukwa ine ndinali bwino ndi mayi ake, mkazi wamakhalidwe. Kotero iye anamulola iye kubwereka ndalama zambiri. Kuchita izi, izo zinkayenera kuti belo ya mfumache. Iye anali wotsimikiza kuti ndalama zake, koma zimatengera zaka zingapo, ndi ngongole anali ananena. Mkazi wakale ali kupita akumufunafuna. Iye akufika ku St. Petersburg, kumene bwalo chiganizo, chimene wokongolayo ayenera kubweza ngongoleyo. Only ichi iye anali kupulumutsa pepala ndi risiti. Zokoma nazo zochuluka za ogula mkulu ndi wofunika, koma chifukwa palibe amene amadzinenera kuti adzampatsa pepala. Kenako anadziwika kuti iye amakhala mu wokondedwa mbuye wake, ndipo mayina nyumba nyumba, ndipo palibe njira kupulumutsa chikalata ku adiresi. Mkazi wakale kakasi, chifukwa nyumba sakhala iwo okha, koma mwana wake odwala mdzukulu. Anthu kumvetsa kuti zimene zikuchitika chilungamo, ndi wachisoni kwambiri chifukwa mayi wokalamba, koma kuti palibe munthu angathe kuthandiza. Komabe, pali munthu amene ananena kuti iye ndi wanzeru amene amuthandize kuti rubles 500. zokoma A ndi dona wake wolemera, azungu akapita paulendo. Inde mu nkhope ya mongodzipereka akugwirizana ndi srazhatelem Chisebiya, ndi ngongole anasiya tsiku lonyamuka, adzakhululukidwa anapereka, kenako yomweyo anapereka pepala. Akamanena lonse kwagona kuti tsopano iye sangakhoze kupita kudziko lina, ngati mulibe ngongole, ndi kuti ali kuchita. Pamene mwachidule "Old namatetule" Leskov kuwerenga, zimaonekeratu kuti mawu a mbuye ankatha kusonyeza chitsanzo cha mlandu umodzi wokha wa Kuwonekera onse a dongosolo milandu, optional kukhazikitsa malamulo kwa akuluakulu a udindo wapamwamba ndi anthu amene zatenga malo apamwamba mu dziko.

Maonekedwe a mwaluso ndi

Chikondi kwa Russia zachititsa chidwi wolemba kuphunzira zambiri zinthu zatsopano za izo ndi kusonyeza maganizo awo pa pepala. Nikolai Semenovich anali ngati mlembi m'bwalo kwa zaka zingapo. Iye anali wodziwa bwino za mu gawo malamulo a dongosolo milandu, waona mphamvu zake ndi zofooka, kodi si munthu popanda ogula udindo wapamwamba kuteteza choonadi kutsogolo kwa malamulo ano. Wolemba Anatifotokozera zinthu zimene angakhale aliyense wa ife. Tikhoza kuzindikira kwakukulu lochitira nzika pamaso bwalo, komanso zimene iye ankatanthauza kuti ife wolemba, monga kuwerenga chidule cha "namatetule akale" Leskov. Ziri ngati Baibulo wonse wa mankhwala, amatichititsa kuganiza za nkhani imachepa komanso kupendanso zinthu zina.

mfundo zofunika

Nkhaniyo, wolemba limafotokoza mbiri, pa dzanja limodzi, ankaikira lochitira ndi bureaucracy pa zina - chidwi ndi lochititsa kunja, ndi ngwazi za makhalidwe pachiyambi. The mayi wachikulire, mwachitsanzo, mtima wonse, iye safuna kuvulaza ngakhale munthu amene analowa ake meanly. Pakuti si malamulo ofunika ndi nduna, chifukwa ingenuous ndithu, kuti Musiyeni misonkhano. Pamaso pa "akale namatetule" ntchito - kugwira poonera, ndipo iye ntchito zinamuchitikira onse, logic ndi kuchenjerera, kusiyana dongosolo. fano anagwidwa ndi ngongole ya zinthu zazing'ono. Ndi kudzikonda ndi wodzikonda munthu, mwinamwake iye angathe bwanji kuchita izi kwa anthu? Iye sangathe kupeza ndi moyo moona mtima, ndikufuna moyo wanga kusangalala. Leskov (nkhani "Old Genius") Akutilangiza mmene ubongo umagwirira ntchito nduna kale, nanga ena mwa anthu kuchokera achinyamata amene safuna kuchita chilichonse, koma monga kukonzekera, mwamtheradi Yosefera.

nkhani zikuchokera

Ganizo - kusatetezeka kwa mnyamata kutsogolo kwa ogwira achinyengo. Mlembi ananena kuti ngati boma ndi analephera kuteteza anthu, kuonetsetsa ufulu wawo malamulo ndi kuonetsetsa kuti anthu kuti achite izo onse. Nkhani lokha inamangidwa pa nkhani ya akuona zimene zikuchitika. Pali njira zambiri luso, nthawi kulenga zotsatira za tragicomedy a. Mbali chidwi ndi wolemba - protagonist ntchito, zimene chidule cha "namatetule akale" Leskov. Iye akumverera kumvera chisoni mayi wachikulire, iye akufuna kuchita chinachake kuthandiza, koma sakukhulupilira kuti kukwaniritsa choonadi, chifukwa Amathanso ake ndalama. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ndi zotsatira zosangalatsa n'kofunika basi tchuthi cha Khirisimasi. Zimenezi si mwamwayi, chifukwa wolemba mumakhulupiriradi zauzimu chibadidwe munthu aliyense.

unexplored Leskov

"Old Genius" (otsutsa titsimikizire kuti) Timasonyeza chithunzi chenicheni cha zimene zikuchitika. Iwo akhoza kunachokera makhalidwe zabwino ndi zoipa achilendo kwa anthu Russian. wolemba limasonyeza wonse wa anthu akuya talente. Ndi Izitu n'zovutitsa nthawi zonse ndi ndemanga lakuthwa anafotokoza kuti kalasi a boma, onse sakufuna kuti kugwira ntchito, kubweretsa boma ndi anthu ena phindu.