Calceolaria - "nsapato zamaluwa". Malangizo pa chisamaliro ndi kulima

Pakati pa mapwando a kasupe m'misika yamaluwa nthawi zambiri pali zomera zokongola ndi zachilendo maluwa otchedwa calceolaria, kapena amodzi a parlance "nsapato". Pokhala mutagula mbewu, pamapeto pake, anthu nthawi zambiri amaiponyera kutali, akukhulupirira kuti ndi pachaka, ndipo palibe china choyembekezerapo. Komabe, mutapitiriza kumusamalira, mutha kusangalala ndi maluwa ake komanso chaka chotsatira. Duwa la calceolaria ndi losavuta kuyeretsa ndipo lidzakwaniritsa ngakhale woyambitsa-floricultist. Zokwanira kutsatira malamulo osavuta - ndipo chomeracho chidzayamika mvula yamkuntho komanso yaitali.

Timadziwana bwino: calceolaria

Calceolaria - maluwa wamkulu monga chaka, biennial kapena osatha chomera. Angathe kulima ngati chikhalidwe cha chipinda kapena kugwiritsa ntchito kukongoletsa mabedi ndi mapiri. Wodzichepetsa mosamala mu chisamaliro ndi wogwira mtima kwambiri. Ndicho chomera chamaluwa, chomwe chiri chofunika kwambiri pa mawonekedwe ake a inflorescences. Maluwa a calceolaria ndi achilendo mu mawonekedwe ake ndi mtundu. Mwa anthu amatchedwa "nsapato" chifukwa chakuti ziweto zake zimafanana ndi zomwe zimawombera. Maluwa ndi monochrome, koma akhoza kukhala ndi malo osiyana, mikwingwirima yomwe imapangitsa kuyang'ana kokongola komanso kokongola. Chomerachi chingakhale chochepa kapena shrub chomera chochepa . Amasiya masamba ambiri, amatha kupanga mawonekedwe onse, ndipo amadula kwambiri.

Zosiyanasiyana

Pakati pa calceolaria pali mitundu pafupifupi 300, komabe kwambiri ndi:

• Calceolorium ndi wachifundo. Amayamikila maonekedwe ake okongoletsera, popeza ali ndi chikasu chachikasu inflorescences, chokongoletsedwa ndi zida zofiira. Chomera chaching'onochi, chosapitirira masentimita 15 mu msinkhu, chimakula ngati chipinda chamtundu, koma m'chilimwe n'zosavuta kulekerera pamsewu. Pa windows windows mwakula ngati osatha.
• Calceolorium makwinya - uyu ndi nthumwi ina ya osatha. Zimakula ngati mawonekedwe a chitsamba, pafupifupi mamita 1 pamwamba. Kumalo kumene nyengo yachisanu siipweteka kwambiri, imakula ngati yosatha pa flowerbed.
• Calceolaria wochepa thupi - mtundu wa sing'anga, womwe umakhala wa masentimita 40 ndipo umakonzedwa kuti ukhale pamabedi a maluwa panja. Ali ndi kuwala mofatsa ndimu maluwa.
• Calceolaria multicuspid - mtundu wa zokwawa zosatha zomera. Subspecies imakula ngati chipinda cha chikhalidwe komanso ngati chokongoletsera maluwa pabwalo.
• Osakanizidwa ndi Calceolaria - awa ndi omwe akuimira mitundu yonse. Popeza pansi pa dzina limeneli pali mitundu yambiri ya mitundu yosiyanasiyana yomwe ili ndi katundu wamba - ndi chipinda chamtundu, chotsika, chokhala ndi masamba ambiri, ozungulira, masamba obiriwira, okhala ndi maluwa akuluakulu komanso oyambirira. Lili ndi nthawi yaitali yamaluwa, yomwe ili pafupi masabata 6-8. Kutalika sikudutsa masentimita 15, pamene maluwa amatha kufika mamita masentimita asanu.

Mavuto otentha

Calceolaria - maluwa ndi thermophilic. Sagwirizana ndi nyengo ya chisanu, chifukwa chake nthawi zambiri amakula monga chipinda, kapena m'nyengo yozizira, amaikamo miphika ndikuika m'nyumba. N'zosavuta kulekerera kutentha, koma amafa pa madigiri 10 ndi kutsika.

Kuunikira

Calceolaria - maluwa ali kum'mwera, kotero iwo ali ojambula kwambiri. Komabe, iwo ndi pritenyat pang'ono kuchokera ku chilimwe kutentha dzuwa. Pansi pa mazira, masamba amatha kuwotcha, koma ali ndi dothi lolimba, zomera zimataya zokongoletsera zake ndipo zimasiya kuphulika.

Kuthirira ndi kuvala pamwamba

Maluwa okongola a calceolaria salekerera kuyanika kunja kwa nthaka, choncho m'pofunika kuyang'anitsitsa mosamala kuti nthawi zonse yothira. Kuthamanga kwa mpweya kutentha, kumakhala kochulukira ndipo mobwerezabwereza madzi okwanira ayenera kukhala. Pukuta calceolaria komanso mchere wofewa ndi senpolia, - pang'onopang'ono m'mphepete mwa mphika, osakhudza masamba ndi mizu ya mphukira. Koma njira yotetezeka kwambiri komanso yothandiza kwambiri ikuthirira madzi. Calceolaria amakonda kwambiri dothi losakanizidwa ndipo salola kulema, koma ndi madzi ochulukirapo kapena madzi ochulukirapo, zomera zimamwalira nthawi yomweyo. Choncho, muyenera kusamalira pang'ono, koma nthawi zambiri kuthirira ndi kukhalapo kwa madzi abwino mumphika.

Chomeracho chimatetezedwa ku madzi pa masamba. Palibe chifukwa chomwe akugwiritsa ntchito kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Izi zingachititse kuwonongeka kwa masamba ndi imfa ya maluwa.

Kubzala feteleza zonse zomwe zimapindulitsa maluwa, omwe amamera mogwirizana ndi malangizo pa phukusi.

Flower la calceolaria: momwe mungasamalirire

Ndikofunika kuchotsa zowonongeka ndi zowonongeka. Ngati simukuchotsa peduncles yakale, ndiye kuti zatsopano zidzatha kukhazikitsa nthawi zonse, kudulira nthawi zonse ndilololedwa. Mitundu yosiyanasiyana monga calceolaria imakhala yakwinya, yomwe imapangidwira kumapangidwe a chitsamba, zomwe zimathandiza popanga chomera chochulukirapo chochulukirapo. Nsalu zamitundu yosiyanasiyana zimakondweretsa ndi maluwa kuyambira kasupe mpaka autumn.

Ngakhale wodzichepetsa kukula maluwa ndi calceolaria. Chisamaliro ndi kusintha kwa nthawi kwa mitundu yosatha, yomwe imapangidwa zaka ziwiri zilizonse, pakati pa kasupe. Pamene kukula kwa mphika wakupiritsika kumafika mamita masentimita 20, m'tsogolomu chomeracho sichitha kuikidwa mu chidebe chachikulu, koma nthaka yokhayo imalowetsedwa. Pogwiritsa ntchito miphika yowonjezera, kuvunda kwa mizu ndi imfa ya zomera ndizotheka.

Mukamabzala zomera zam'mimba komanso kufunika kokonza zomera zowonongeka ngakhale pa tsamba la maonekedwe a masamba 6, maluwawo amawonongeka, motero amapanga chitsamba chokhala ndi mitengo yambiri ya peduncles. Pambuyo pa mapeto a maluwa, chomera chiyenera kuchotsedwa, peduncles yofota imachotsedwa.

Kubalanso

Calceolaria - maluwa omwe amaberekana ndi mbewu zomwe zimakhala bwino kwambiri kumera. Pofesa m'nthaka, nyemba zimafalikira pamwamba pa nthaka ndipo sizimatsanulira pamwamba, kenako zimakhala zowonjezera madzi ndipo zimaphimbidwa ndi polyethylene kapena magalasi kuti apangitse zotsatira za wowonjezera kutentha. Kawirikawiri galasi imatuluka ndipo condensate imachotsedwa, ndipo itatha mapeyala 6, calceolaria imayikidwa miphika yosiyana kuti ikule. Mbewu zabwino zimamera pa kutentha kwa madigiri 20. Iwo amafesedwa kuyambira nthawi ya May mpaka July, mphukira zoyamba zimaonekera patatha milungu iwiri. Ndipo mwezi umodzi amatha kulowetsedwa mu miphika yosiyana. Amamasula calceolaria pambuyo pa 8-10 miyezi pambuyo pa kuwoneka koyamba mphukira.

Kusiyana kwa kufalitsa kwa cuttings kumathenso. Njirayi ndi yoyenera kwa mitundu yayitali ndi yayitali, yomwe nthawi zambiri imagwedezeka, ndikupanga mabasi obiriwira ndi maulendo ambiri atsopano. Mphukira imakula mizu m'nthaka.

Mukamabzala, chimbudzi choyambirira cha zomera zam'mimba kapena dothi loyenerera kukula kwa violets ndi senpolia. Pamene nthaka yokhala yopangidwa yokha isapangidwe kupanga:

• Sod - magawo awiri.
• Malo osayera - magawo awiri.
• Peat - gawo limodzi.
• Mchenga uli ½.

Mu masitolo ogulitsa maluwa, maluwa a calceolaria amagulitsidwa, pafupifupi mtengo ndi ruble 500 pa chomera.

Matenda ndi tizirombo

Kuopsa kwa kukula kwa calceolaria ndi matenda monga phytophthora ndi pithium. Izi ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya bowa yomwe imatha kuola ndi imfa ya mphukira zazing'ono. Kuti athetse vutoli musanafike pansi, ndi calcined kapena mankhwala ndi poizoni fungicides. Komanso, chifukwa chosowa kofikira nthaka, imvi imatha kuwonekera. Amapangidwa pamene madzi agwera pa masamba osakhwima a zomera. Calceolaria - maluwa a chipinda, omwe nthawi zambiri amamenyedwa ndi tizirombo monga nsabwe za m'masamba, whitefly ndi nematodes. Pa zizindikiro zoyamba za zikamera, kukonzekera kwapadera kuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwononga.

Chomera chodzichepetsa, chomwe chidzakondweretsani nthawi zonse ndi maluwa ake abwino ndi zachilendo, ndi duwa la calceolaria. Momwe mungasamalirire ndi kukula, ngakhale maluwa osadziŵa zambiri angadziwe. Koma calcaceolaria ndi imodzi mwa maluwa oyambirira pazenera pawindo.