'Bulygin Duma'

Ndi kotala lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma 19, boma la Russia ndi kuzindikira bwino kuti nthawi ikuyandikira kusintha kwa boma mu ufumu malamulo a dziko lino. Pa nthawi yomweyo mabwalo kulamulira adafuna kuphatikiza kusintha pang'onopang'ono chuma zochokera msika ndi zaka andale, kuwonetsa mawonekedwe a mafumu mtheradi.

Pofika kumayambiriro kwa m'ma 20 pansi ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira mwachilungamo amphamvu kuthamanga ndi chitsutso owolowa manja boma anakakamizika kuti "munthu watsopano wa" Komiti Yomanga State. Pankhaniyi kusintha kugwa m'manja mwa mabwalo anthu amene kukhazikitsidwa ndi kukhazikitsa malamulo aphungu anali wofanana ndi imfa ya mphamvuzonse ndale. Inde, Mfumu ndi anthu kumuyandikira, kukhala ntchito ndi zolinga kukhazikitsidwa kwa thupi woimira dziko, maziko makamaka zofuna zawo. N'chifukwa chake State Choyamba. Duma unakhazikitsidwa molimba ndi yaitali mu zikhalidwe za ntchito mwayi zosiyanasiyana za mabwalo ulamuliro m'mbuyo ndondomeko imeneyi.

Mu 1905, iye anayamba nkhondo lakuthwa ndithu m'ma February anthu a. February 18, Nicholas II inakhazikitsa lamulo. M'bukuli iye analengeza cholinga chofuna kukopa anthu, osankhidwa ndi anthu kutengapo mbali mu zokambirana ndi kuyambirira chitukuko cha maganizo malamulo. Pankhaniyi, Mfumu akufotokoza mawu "singasiyanitsidwe chifukwa kuteteza boma lachifumu chidzalo cha mphamvu ichi."

Kukhazikitsa kukhazikitsidwa uyu anapatsidwa msonkhano wapadera, chaired ndi Alexander Bulygin. Ichi ndi msonkhano wapadera ndi anakamba ntchito ya n'kupanga latsopano woimira thupi (limene amatchedwa "Bulygin Duma"). Ine matupi atsopano zakonosoveschatelnogo udindo. Kumapeto kwa pafupifupi miyezi isanu ndi umodzi mtsutso (mu njira imene ambiri ali pafupi mfumu adafunafuna ngati kuli kotheka kuti achepetse lamanja la Duma) potsiriza anapereka Ndondomeko.

Malinga ndi thupi woimira dziko unakhazikitsidwa ngati "zakonosoveschatelnogo kukhazikitsidwa". "Bulygin Duma" chinapangidwa osati kutenga nawo mbali pa zokambirana za maganizo malamulo. thupi ili wapatsidwa ufulu kufufuza ndalama kupenta ndi revenues, kufunsa mafunso kuti Boma, komanso akusonyeza pamaso pa malamulo ntchito wa boma. Pankhaniyi, palibe zochita atengedwa "Bulygin Duma", sanali kumanga kapena boma kapena Mfumu yekha.

Kudziwa kachitidwe kutukula masankho zochokera kapangidwe kamene zaka makumi anayi zapitazo. Monga ndiye, maguluwo anasankhidwa "misonkhano chisankho". Adzaponye chisanko amagwiritsidwa ogaŵikana curiae atatu: anthu m'tauni, alimi ndi nzika. Kwa anthu chisankho ndi awiri gawo, atatu njira nzika ndi alimi kwa anayi. Chisankho sanali ofanana, chilengedwe ndi mwachindunji.

Mu mawu Lenin, "ndipo Bulygin Duma" anali kwambiri zosaneneka ndi wosatsutsika kunyazitsa chifaniziro cha anthu. Kuti mfundo zake woyamba akhala kwadzaoneni akale.

Ambiri olekerera, komanso ngati onse kayendedwe chosintha ndi maphwando anagwirizana analengeza cholinga kuti Kunyanyala latsopano woimira thupi. Anavomera kutenga mbali mu masankho, kuti ntchito ufulu wawo kuti poyera "psevdonarodnye psevdopravitelstva".

The convening wa Choyamba State Duma sizinachitike. Mayendedwe a latsopano thupi nthumwi sunawakhutitse kayendedwe odana ndi boma. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, dziko lafika akuchuluka mphamvu mavuto, imene chaka cha 1905 (mu October) chinachitika mu kuponya onse Russian ndale. Chifukwa chitukuko mofulumira kuphulika chosintha la mabwalo kulamulira anakakamizika asintha pa nkhani za tsogolo la thupi womuimira.