Brown malasha. Malasha migodi. The lignite munda

Ntchito ya bulauni khala si ambiri poyerekeza ndi mwala analogue, koma mtengo wotsika Kutentha amachititsa kufunika potero malasha mwa kukatentha ang'ono ndi ena. Ku Ulaya, mtundu umenewu imatchedwanso lignite, ngakhale sikawirikawiri olekanitsidwa gulu ambiri a malasha. Pankhani cholinga, ndiye Mwachitsanzo, mu Germany amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupereka nthunzi zomera mphamvu ndi lignite ku Greece limakupatsani kupanga 50%. Koma kachiwiri ambiri monga mtundu wa mafuta olimba, nkhaniyi ali, osachepera mu mawonekedwe a gwero wodziimira.

General mudziwe lignite

Lignite ndi wandiweyani thanthwe monga unyinji wa kuwala bulauni kapena lakuda. izo Tingaone masamba nkhuni dongosolo pa anayendera pafupi. Khala kukatentha bulauni Watenthedwa m'malo mofulumira ndi kutulutsidwa mwaye ndi achilendo fungo la moto. Ponena za zikuchokera, izo aumbike phulusa, sulfure, mpweya wa hydrogen ndi oxygen. Zosafunika zizigwirizana zinthu zomwezo pano mu mitundu ina ya malasha.

Malinga ndi kapangidwe chuma, ambiri a chuma chikukhudza humites. Transitional Sapropelite ndi humus inclusions zimachitika mawonekedwe a zigawo mu miyala ya humites. Mu mabeseni a lignite m'magulumagulu microcomponents wa vitrinite. Tikumbukenso kuti zigawo phulusa m'minda ngati ovuta kwambiri kuwerengera. Pakuti ndi mawerengedwe a matenthedwe ntchito Ndi bwino kulankhula ndi matebulo wapadera fanizirani makhalidwe a mtundu zida deta kukatentha.

Chiyambi cha madipoziti

The madipoziti yaikulu ndi khalidwe la Mesozoic-Cenozoic m'dambo. Mu wotsika Carboniferous miyala ya ku Moscow beseni tingaone monga zosiyana. European madipoziti ambiri kugwirizana ndi zigawo Neogene- Paleogenic nthawi, ndipo mu Asia chimakhala chogwidwa ndi mosungiramo Jurassic. mafupawa n'kukhala wa nthawi Cretaceous. m'matangadza Russian nawonso kwakukulukulu ndi zinthu m'dambo Jurassic. Zambiri za chuma lagona pa akuya osaya (10-60 m). Chifukwa chinthu ichi kungakhale lotseguka khala migodi, ngakhale palinso njira mabvuto mpaka mamita 200. Waukulu zopangira mapangidwe lignite anatumikirapo monga deciduous ndi mitengo coniferous, peat ndi pyalpy. Patsogolo mpweya chifukwa chakuti ndondomeko kuwonongeka amapezeka pansi madzi ndi opanda mwayi wa mpweya. Komanso maziko nkhuni anali wothira mchenga ndi dongo limene madipoziti zina kutembenuka sitepe ndipamene graphite.

migodi ya malasha

Russia mu mawu kupanga lignite pachikhalidwe wachisanu. Pafupifupi 75% ya okwana zomwe zilipo makampani mafakitale ndi mphamvu, ndi zina ntchito mu makampani mankhwala ndi zitsulo. Komanso, ndi chiwerengero zochepa zimagulitsidwa. chitukuko Technology ndi kupanga mwachindunji anati ambiri ndi njira ntchito ndi mitundu ina ya madipoziti carbonaceous. Koma migodi ya malasha bulauni mtundu ubwino wake. Popeza mtundu umenewu ndi wachinyamata, chiwerengero chachikulu cha gwero ndi yotengedwa minda lotseguka. Pakali pano, njira imeneyi ndi yabwino kwambiri, otetezeka ndi wotchipa. Komabe, kuchokera amazionera a zachilengedwe si njira yabwino m'zigawo, kuyambira chitukuko cha maenje kwambiri kumatanthauza milu lalikulu otchedwa overburden.

madipoziti lalikulu

Ngati ife kulankhula za Russia, yaikulu madipoziti bulauni khala ndi Soltonsky zovuta quarries. Izi ndiyekhayo wa malasha, yomwe ili Altai. Malinga ndi akatswiri, gawo ili lili 250 miliyoni matani thanthwe. Komanso amadziwika ndi Kan-Achinsky multikilometer dziwe bulauni malasha, limene lili m'chigawo Krasnoyarsk. Nthawi zonse, kupanga ikuchitika pa luso lotseguka. Ndithu zingamuthandize miyala ya lignite ndipo anayamba mu Germany, lomwe ndi katundu waukulu wa malasha ku Ulaya. Ambiri zochitika zikuluzikulu chichitike mu East Germany, kumene ku Central German ndipo Lauzitsky m'madamu. Malinga ndi malipoti ena, madipoziti awa ali matani biliyoni 80. Monga mu Russia, ndi akatswiri German akutsogoleredwa ndi njira lotseguka kupanga kusuntha kuchoka njira mtengo kutsinde.

Mtengo wa lignite

Malinga ndi makhalidwe Mkhalidwe wa malasha bulauni mwala wotaya mnzake bwino. Komabe, zinthu zingapo kunapangitsa kuti pang'ono kuukitsa kufunika kwa gwero zochepa wokongola. Pakati pawo ife anganene kuchuluka limene lignite ndi chitakwaniritsidwa. Price zimasiyanasiyana pafupifupi kwa rubles 800 kwa 1200. chifukwa matani 1. Mtengo wapamwamba calorific, ndi apamwamba a pamtengo. Yerekezerani tani wa malasha lingathe kukopedwa pa ambiri rubles 2,000 zikwi .. Monga tanenera kale, mokoma zikugwira ntchito kukatentha ntchito lignite akadali kuletsa ntchito ambiri. Koma ogulitsa zinthu Mkhalidwe ali pakati pa makasitomala ndi makampani mphamvu, ndipo mu gawo la mowa payekha.

Pomaliza

Mapeto ogula lignite akhoza amaperekedwa mu Zolongosoledwa kapena unsorted mawonekedwe. Monga mafuta zambiri zoweta ntchito kuyaka kwa pulverized, ndi mafakitale zovuta zitsulo zikhale koksobrikety. Chifukwa mtengo wake otsika ndi kugawa lonse la madipoziti yaikulu ya bulauni khala si malo otsiriza mu mndandanda zipangizo anafuna-pambuyo mafuta. Komabe, ndi maziko a kuwonjezeka mphamvu Mwachangu zofuna Kutentha machitidwe ndi malamulo zachilengedwe zipangizo malamulo amenewa yaiwisi wayamba zochepa wokongola. M'mayiko ambiri, ntchito bulauni khala yochepa zosowa kupanga, koma Russia ndi Germany zitsanzo kutsimikizira mtundu ndi kuyenera mwa mawu a ntchito ogula.