Brest Peace

Kutsiliza kwa Brest Peace kunachitika pa March 3, 1918. Ogwira nawo mgwirizano anali: Russia - phwando loyamba, Germany, Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria ndi Turkey - yachiwiri. Ntchito ya mgwirizano wamtenderewu inali yaifupi. Iyo idatenga miyezi isanu ndi iwiri yokha.

Zonsezi zinayamba ndi zokambirana zoyambirira ku Brest, komwe Kamenev LB ndi Ioffe AA, omwe akuimira Mstislavsky SD, Karakhan LM analankhula kuchokera ku Bolsheviks a ku Russia. Patsiku lomaliza lisanatuluke kumudzi wakumalirewu, adakonzedwa kuti anthu omwe akuyimira nawo ntchitoyo akufunika. Amenewo anali asilikari, wogwira ntchito, woyendetsa sitimayo ndi mlimi, amene anakopeka ndi oyenda amalonda aakulu. Mosakayika, malingaliro a gulu ili sankaganiziridwa pazokambirana ndipo sanangomvekanso.

Pakati pa zokambirana, kuti mbali ya Germany, kuphatikizapo kulemba mtendere, ikufuna kukwaniritsa popanda malipiro ndi zilembo, komanso kuti akufuna kupeza kuchokera ku Russia ufulu wa mayiko kuti adzipangire yekha, kotero kuululidwa, kotero akukonzekera kulamulira Ukraine ndi Russian Baltic. Zinali zoonekeratu kuti dziko la Russia likhoza kutaya Lituania, Latvia, Poland, komanso gawo la Transcaucasia.

Kulemba kwa Brest Peace kunangokhala kanthawi kochepa pa nkhondoyi. Lenin, Sverdlov ndi Trotsky ankadandaula kuti ngati zikhalidwe za dziko la Germany zidzakwaniritsidwa, iwo adzagonjetsedwa chifukwa chopereka, popeza ambiri a a Bolshevik sanagwirizane ndi ndondomeko ya Vladimir Ulyanov.

Mu January 1918, gawo lachiwiri la zokambirana linachitikira ku Brest. Nthumwiyo inatsogoleredwa ndi Trotsky popanda kukhalapo kwa nthumwi za anthu. Chofunika kwambiri pambaliyi chinali cha nthumwi ya ku Ukraine, chomwe chinali chofunika kwambiri chomwe chinali malo a Bukovina ndi Galicia ochokera ku Austria-Hungary. Pa nthawi yomweyo, mbali ya Chiyukireniya sinkafuna kudziwa chiyanjano cha ku Russia. Motero, dziko la Russia lagonjetsedwa ndi anthu a ku Ukraine. Kwa Germany, anthuwa ankapindula kwambiri poika malo ambirimbiri okhala ndi zida komanso zida zankhondo. Brest mtendere, chifukwa cholephera kufika pamtundu umodzi, unatha popanda kanthu ndipo sunayinidwe.

Gawo lachitatu la zokambirana linayamba, pamene nthumwi yochokera ku Kazakhstan Trotsky, L.D. Anakana kuvomereza nthumwi za ku Ukraine.

Pa March 3, 1918, Brest Peace inalembedwa. Chifukwa cha mgwirizano umenewu, Poland, Finland, Latvia, Lithuania, Estonia, Crimea, Ukraine ndi Transcaucasia zinasiyanitsidwa ndi Russia. Zina mwa izo, sitimazo zinagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Germany ndipo zinapatsidwa ndalama zokwana 6 biliyoni za golidi, komanso biliyoni imodzi yowonjezera kuti awononge nzika za Germany zomwe zinawavutitsa panthawi ya kusintha. Austria-Hungary ndi Germany zinalandira malo ogulitsa zinthu ndi zida ndi zida. Brest Peace inaperekanso ku Russia udindo wochotsa asilikali m'maderawa. Malo awo anali ogwidwa ndi asilikali a Germany. Chigwirizano china chogwirizana ndi mgwirizano wamtendere chinaphatikizapo chuma cha Germany ku Russia. Motero, nzika zaku Germany zinapatsidwa ufulu wochita ntchito zamalonda m'madera a Russia, ngakhale kuti ntchitoyi ikupitirizabe.

Khoti la Brest linabwezeretsanso ndalama zowonjezera maiko ndi Germany, zomwe zinakhazikitsidwa mu 1904. Chifukwa cha mabungwe a Bolsheviks omwe sankamvetsa ngongole za tsarist , dziko la Russia linakakamizidwa potsata panganoli kuti liwatsimikizire iwo ku mayiko monga Austria-Hungary, Bulgaria, Turkey ndi Germany ndipo anayamba kulipira ngongolezo.

Maiko omwe anali mbali ya mgwirizano wa Entente sanavomereze Brest Peace ndipo pakati pa mwezi wa March 1918 adalengeza kuti iwo sakuzindikira.

Mu November 1918, dziko la Germany linakana pangano la mtendere. Patangopita masiku awiri, Komiti Yoyang'anira Zachigawo Zonse za ku Russia inathetsa. Patangopita nthawi pang'ono, asilikali achijeremani anayamba kuchoka m'dziko la Russia.