T-70 (thanki): mbiri. Zomangamanga, kufotokoza, chithunzi cha thanki

Amateurs za mbiri lankhondo la chizindikiro cholinga Nikolaem Aleksandrovichem Astrovym Soviet thanki T-70. Features ya makina nkhondo yomweyo zikuyendera: asilikali zida nkhondo akunena za mtundu wa kuwala.

Ndi kumanga latsopano thanki asilikali anakankhira mfundo ogwetsa: nkhondo-anayesedwa kuwala ndi akasinja sing'anga wa Red Army (chitsanzo cha T-38 kwa T-60) M'chaka choyamba cha Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anaulula awo sanali mpikisano.

Mu January 1942, akasinja 70 anawonetsedwa kuti Stalin monga Baibulo kumatheka mwa nthumwi yapita mzere wa akasinja kuwala T-60, ndipo kuchokera March anayamba misa kupanga.

Mwachidule TTX kuwala thanki T-70

Taganizirani makhalidwe waukulu wa mbewu Astrova:

- mazunzo zida makulidwe: pansi - 45 mamilimita; pamwamba - 35 mamilimita;

- mbali zida makulidwe - 15 mamilimita;

- pulayimale armament: Cannon likungosonyeza 20-K 45 mm (kale ntchito thanki T-50);

- zipolopolo - 90 mivi;

- 7,62 mamilimita mfuti ya makina, makatiriji 15 945 zimbale;

- awiri anayi sitiroko asanu yamphamvu petulo injini ndi mphamvu malita 70. p.;

- mtanda dziko liwiro - mpaka 25 Km / h pa msewu - 42 Km / h;

- ikuthamanga pa alili - 360 Km pa msewu - 450 Km;

- pa wolamulira galimoto - wailesi kapena 12T 9P.

Thanki T-70 ntchito poyamba yovuta

T-70 - thanki ya nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse, imene ndemanga zimatsutsana. Ndipo ndi - ngakhale kuti chiwerengero cha akasinja chopangidwa (pafupifupi 8.5 zikwi mayunitsi) lachiwiri yekha wotchuka T-34! Cholinga tione mphamvu zake ndi zofooka anafotokoza chifukwa chachikulu vuto lililonse yakale imeneyi ndi luso. Ndi banal: kulephera zambiri ntchito imene anayambitsa ndi kulimbikitsa osati kuthetsa owerenga (Pankhaniyi - nkhondo), ndiponso pamwamba utsogoleri phwando.

The original chisanadze nkhondo nkhani yolembedwa wa asilikali oti muli nazo zida - "Army akusowa wabwino kuwala thanki!" - izo zinali zolakwika. Njira si chiyembekezo Wehrmacht anatengedwa mu nkhani (monga izo zinachitika mu 1942), zida zankhondo likungosonyeza 50 mm ndi 75 mm. mfuti analimbitsa mdani bwino chidwi ndi ngodya iliyonse T-70. Thanki kuzilandira ndi German "Amabereka" ndi "Panther" ndi mfuti 75 n'zotsimikizira onse firepower ndi zida chitetezo pa. Mkulu wa Chachisanu Panzer Army Katukov INE unflattering analemba za iwo G. K. Zhukovu, kusonyeza kuti ntchito ya T-70 nkhondo thanki mu popenyana ndi chifukwa cha imfa ya kungakupatseni pasadakhale.

Molakwika osankhidwa kapangidwe malangizo?

Ndithudi, akasinja WWII Russian poyamba analenga banal mwa kuwongolera chitsanzo yapita, popanda aliyense kulosera pamaziko a nzeru analengedwa ndi adani a manja a nkhondo. Kuchokera pa zimene takambiranazi, ndi regularities ngati ndemanga unflattering za kupanda ungwiro kwa T-70. Monga kusintha thanki T-60 - sikunali kokwanira. Tsopano, pambuyo pa zaka zoposa 70 kuyambira kukhazikitsa ntchito ya zida, tingakhulupirire zifukwa kulephera kwa zolinga zimenezi.

Kuwala akasinja (chithunzi awo - umboni) adzakhala abwino mu First World nkhondo. Ndi kwa mfuti wa nthawi imeneyo anali pafupifupi moti zida thanki Astrova mlengi. Chinthu chachiwiri zofunika anali liwiro, maneuverability, ndi T-70.

M'mawu ena, kufunika kwa kupanga akasinja kuwala kwa asilikali pakati pa XX atumwi anali ndi malingaliro a strategists Union a nthawi imeneyo, silinachite kapena tactically kapena pamalo abwino kuyambira Civil nkhondo. Makasitomala zida ayenera kuganizira mokwanira za chi asilikali maganizo!

T-70 kuzindikiridwa kapangidwe zolakwika - nyali kulephera?

zolakwa zoterozo zinali lililonse pafupifupi akasinja onse kuwala kwa nthawi Choncho, poyang'ana kutsogolo, potchula munthu: m'modzi wa iwo sanali othandiza pa nkhondo.

Onse kuwala akasinja WWII Russian anakonzedwa pansi dongosolo kutsogolera mlengi Astrovym Nikolaem Aleksandrovichem, ngati T-70. Mayesero zida Imachitika mu 1941, kuzindikiridwa malo kusintha thanki:

- Kuwonjezera pa zida;

- m'malo a pulasitala umodzi wachiphamaso hexagon nsanja;

- kulimbitsa nsapatoyo HIV, torsion kuyimitsidwa, nsalu odzigudubuza;

- m'malo a mfuti chachikulu pa ano (inawo sichinayambe akuyendera).

Kodi ndinene? Kodi pali zolakwika zambiri anali chibadidwe chitsanzo m'munsi? Kaya chitsanzo ichi zofunika akuti Red Army?

Inappropriateness ya akasinja kuwala nkhondo inali kusanduka zina za thanki: Army a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pang'onopang'ono anasiya mfundo ya zida za nkhondo. M'malo mwake, iwo apanga ena kuwala magalimoto oti muli nazo zida, makamaka akuchita ntchito ya kuonetsetsa kuti salinso kutumikira moto mphamvu yaikulu ya nkhondo oti muli nazo zida. Komabe, Komano, ndondomeko ya kulenga ndi kusintha T-70 anasonyeza kuti kulenga kwambiri.

mitundu siriyo

Industrial kupanga kuwala thanki T-70 opangidwa mu chimake lolingana koyamba ntchito Astrova mlengi, komanso mu chimake kusinthidwa, ndi T-70M.

Mtundu woyamba anali disarmed zida mbandakucha kulemera - 9,2 mamita ndi zambiri mfuti - 90 projectiles; chachiwiri - kulemera kwakukulu (9.8 m), akwaniritsa likuvutika zina mayunitsi kusungitsa amveke ndi mbali. Zipolopolo modernized thanki zochepa zipolopolo 70.

Ndipotu, anali nkhondowo magalimoto amapanga osiyana, ndi osiyana, mbali sakugwira ntchito mosinthana.

Kursk - ndi fiasco kuunika thanki T-70

Army n'zofunikadi akasinja sing'anga ndi lolemera kuti angathandize kuwononga mdani magalimoto oti muli nazo zida.

Ife sanazimve mabwana chipani mwachinyengo anazunzidwa ndi mfuti mu chapansi ya usilikali Collegium a Khoti Lalikulu la Soviet polimbana Mihaila Nikolaevicha Tuhachevskogo: "! A nkhondo m'tsogolo adzakhala mayunitsi nkhondo thanki"

Ndipo moyenera, makampani motetezera USSR mu 1942 ankapanga lalikulu zedi la T-70 - thanki nkhondowo imapanga imene 1943 sindikanakhoza kupirira pozunzidwa - wotsimikizika chimadza thanki nkhondo pafupi ndi mudzi wa Prokhorovka (Nkhondo ya Kursk Arc).

Zida sanali kupulumutsa 75 mamita ndi 50 mamita likungosonyeza mdani zida zankhondo mosavuta anapanga njira zake ngakhale mazunzo mbali. Komanso, akasinja anaonekera osatetezeka achikale German regimental zida zankhondo likungosonyeza 37 mm. Mayeso thanki nkhondo anali analephera ndipo motero, pambuyo Kursk Arc kuŵeta T-70 mipingo.

Komabe, monga N'zochititsa chidwi ndi gawo lachiwiri la Great zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo, pamene Red Army akubwera ikupita, nambala ya atsogoleri luso msilikali bondo chifukwa cha kutsanzikana msanga kwa T-70. Thanki pambuyo pa zonse, ngakhale zolakwa zoonekeratu, wakhala zothandiza!

Pa zabwino T-70 makhalidwe kumenyana

Sudzaperekedwa kuzindikira ake abwino oyamba-mathanki. Pa nthawi yomweyo aces thanki nkhondo m'madera yovuta ndi amenewa ngakhale amakonda makina kuunika oti muli nazo zida T-34 pafupifupi. Kodi iwo chinachititsa kusankha zimenezi? Choyamba, German mfuti olemera ndi akasinja lolemera pafupifupi chidwi kwambiri kuona T-34 ndi T-70. Komanso, chifukwa cha thanki ang'onoang'ono m'mapapo umalimbana moto pa n'zotheka kuchokera pa mtunda wa theka kilometre, pamene T-34 - ndi kilometre mtunda.

Komanso, ntchito T-70 angagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi mchitidwe anadabwa kuukira kwa mdani. Pa nthawi yomweyo olemera ndi IP thanki ndi chiyerekezo T-34 precluded kuchita zimenezi chifukwa cha injini phokoso dizilo.

Pafupifupi ku kumbuyo, amaona, adatulutsa mtanda dziko kumsasa wa adani a kuwala thanki T-70. Pambuyo phokoso ntchito wophatikizidwa mafuta galimoto injini mphamvu malita 140. a. ndi mlingo anafanana phokoso magalimoto chabe. Mkulu General Bogdanov analembedwa Main oti muli nazo zida Directorate kuti T-70 chifukwa phokoso ake otsika mwangwiro anakwaniritsa ntchito ya milandu mdani kwawo.

Malo akasinja mafuta mu kumbuyo mlanduwo anathandiza akukupangitsani ndi detonate yosowa kwambiri pamene kugundidwa ndi thanki.

Mu 1944, pamene mayunitsi thanki ya Red Army anali za mazana khumi ndi asanu akasinja T-70, WGC a Commissariat wa kunagwa Makampani ananena Mwachangu ake anamenyana m'tawuni. "Semidesyatka" anali trudnoporazhaemoy "Panzerfaust" ndi mabomba ku kukula yawo mkulu maneuverability.

Workability

Kuyenera anazindikira kuti thanki Soviet T-70 pa ndondomeko kunapezeka wina wa sayansi imayenera kwambiri. Kupanga ake ntchito bwinobwino oyenera kupanga maziko a GAZ mbewu. mgwirizano ogwira wakhazikitsidwa ndi mafakitale-ogulitsa mbali ndi mbali.

Mogwira kukonza zida pa maziko a T-70 unapangidwa bungwe, kuonongeka kutsogolo.

Poyamba Mlengi ASTROFF anakhazikitsa kupanga ake pa Gorky galimoto Bzalani.

Mu 1942, ogwira ntchito m'mafakitale kuti anamasulidwa mayunitsi 3495 zida, ndipo mu 1943 - 3348. Kenako, T-70 ulimi mu 1942 wakhala debugged ndi fakitale №38 (Kirov). Apa, mu 1378 akasinja izi zinalembedwa.

Wakonzedwa yopanga akasinja ubwere Sverdlovsk fakitale nambala 37. Komabe, sanakonzekere pano, ndipo ndalama zamakono anali otsutsa mkulu. Amafuna injini kawiri kuposa T-60, kupanga zida zamphamvu zambiri adagulung'undisa inali nthawi yambiri kwambiri. Zotsatira - chifukwa wodzichepetsa: akasinja 10 ndi kutha kupanga.

Cholinga Polingalira za kuperewera kwa structural a thanki

Ndipotu ndi lodziwikiratu: lingaliro la thanki ogwira kuwala pa amadzibisa ya Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World anasonyeza kuti enaake wathunthu. Choncho, ntchito pa chilengedwe cha T-70 polojekiti (ngakhale kwambiri njira pachiyambi zomangamanga, limene ife kulemba) ndithudi inkawoneka ngati ntchito Sisyphean, T. E. udzatha basi.

Tiyeni tiyambe ndi choona kuti akasinja Soviet wa WWII (ndi phunziro zafotokozedwa wathu komanso) sanali wopanda zolakwa zoonekeratu kugwirizana-dongosolo, kutanthauza 5 m'madipatimenti:

- utsogoleri;

- mota (kumanja - pakati pa thupi);

- karate (nsanja ndipo anasiya - pakati pa thupi);

- chakudya (kumene akasinja mafuta ndi Redieta ili).

Thanki ndi maudindo ofanana anali kutsogolo gudumu galimoto, kotero galimotoyo mbali yodziwika ndi chiopsezo cha.

T-70 - oti muli nazo zida chionetsero Museum ku Kubinka (pafupi Moscow)

Si chinsinsi kuti akasinja kuwala (chithunzi Japan ndi "Ha-Pitani" ndi German PzKpfw-II, masiku T-70 pansipa) ziyenera kulinganizidwa kutenga nkhani luso ndi asilikali i matanthauzo ofananafanana:

- kothandiza Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa ntchito anthu oyendetsa (zinchito mkulu zimamuchulukira thanki mu chikuku cha anthu awiri, mulinso dalaivala mehanika-);

- firepower mfuti anali osakwanira (kuwala thanki kapangidwe amaganiza monga mikono waukulu 45 millimeter yamazinga basi Cannon 20-K chitsanzo 1932 chaka).

Amene akufuna kuona mitundu ya zida T-70 - mfuti chachikulu ndi coaxial makina mfuti naye Deuteronomo 29 likungosonyeza 7,62 mm - Mpofunika kuyendera apadera asilikali oti muli nazo zida Museum (Kubinka). Alendo nyumbayi Tingaone ndi zida ndi zipangizo za ziwalo malo adalira.

Mkulu thanki anali mu unit nsanja, amene kuchepetsa wachibale kumanzere kwa olamulira kotenga, ndipo analanda anachoka pakati gawo la nyumba ya. Malinga ndi ntchito yake, iye zochita za dalaivala kudzera intakomu, kuunikira vutoli, ndipo adalamulira zokwawa zida ndi coaxial makina mfuti naye.

dalaivalayo anali kutsogolo hulls ndi pakati.

Popeza zinaonetsedwa pa chionetserocho mosamala wobwezeretsedwa ndi, monga iwo amati, ali pa amapita, malo amawaona zikugwira ntchito mayunitsi ndi mayunitsi wa T-70, wolemera chidwi zithunzi. Kodi tikamanena kutchula zinchito mkulu zimamuchulukira thanki? Kwambiri makina, njira ndandanda izo sizinali makina. akusowa Tingaone, ndipo pitani m'nyumbayi (Kubinka). M'pofunika bwinobwino njira magalimoto kubwezeretsedwa asilikali. Weruzani nokha:

- kasinthasintha chipangizo Buku kufala nsanja;

- Buku Nyamulani pagalimoto kwa mfuti;

- ndi kuwombera mabomba shrapnel-mtundu theka-zodziwikiratu sanali moto, ndi mtsogoleri wa anakakamizika pamanja kutsegula vavu ndi kukokera panja red-hot mlandu anathera.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, mwachikulu kulepheretsa nkhondo, mlingo ntchito - mpaka zipolopolo 12 pa mphindi - wakhala chisawawa. Kunena zoona T-70 amapangidwa pa mphindi akatemera 5.

Mwa njira, mu m'nyumbayi chomwecho, ndicho mu hema nambala 6, alendo kuona akasinja wa Nazi ku Germany: "Tigers" ndi "Panthers" amene anamenya thanki Soviet patsogolo pathu.

Mofulumira kusintha, koma opanda ungwiro, akasinja Soviet pa Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World nthawi watumikira chidwi cha alendo.

Galimotoyo adamfunsa T-70

Mwachindunji T-70 anayamba kupanga amapasa injini gasi 203. Patsogolo - injini GAZ-70-6004 ndipo kumbuyo - GAZ-70-6005. Shestitselindrovye anayi sitiroko injini - onse awiri derated kuonjezera kudalirika ndi utumiki moyo.

Tinatengera kwa lachitsanzo yapita T-70 kufala vyzyvavala maganizo wakhala nthumanzi positive. Mpheroyi:

- wapawiri-kalacha;

- gearbox 4-liwiro;

- sitepe mtundu tinakwera kutsinde;

- bevel pagalimoto komaliza;

- Mipikisano chimbale chiwongolero Ba-;

- wosakwatiwa mzere womaliza pagalimoto.

Komatsu T-70 inkakhala 91 njanji m'lifupi 26 cm.

M'malo mapeto: zida zankhondo pamaziko a T-70

Komabe, T-70 sanali akufa mapeto chitsanzo. Self-injini mfuti SU 76 anayamba kupanga ndi KB mbewu №38 (Kirov) zochokera galimotoyo ake elongated. The armament yaikulu ya ACS anali 76 mm mfuti ZIS-3. thanki chipolopolo yokha T-70 anasonyeza kuti zipangizo zambiri zamakono ndi zingamuthandize.

Kulengedwa zida anali ochititsa mantha. The constructor woyamba Umuna Aleksandrovich Ginzburg mlandu sanali sakupezeka "machimo" pambuyo zotsatira ogwetsa wa Cusco Arcs, akumanidwa ufulu kumanga, wotumidwa kutsogolo, kumene anakafa. Ndi dzanja zosemphana ndi izo yomanga thanki Commissioner Zaltsman I. M. Komabe, mkulu wofuna posakhalitsa chinachititsa amachotsedwa pa nchitozi.

Amaikidwa kuti malo ake Vyacheslav Aleksandrovich Malyshev yoikidwiratu mpikisano kusinthidwa wa Lamulungu 76, pomwe nthumwi za GAZ zomera ndi nambala 38 ankagwira.

Chifukwa cha zimenezi, ACS wakhala reconfigured ndi kuika mu kuŵeta. 75 mm mfuti bwinobwino kuwononga mdani kudziletsa injini mfuti, kuwala ndi akasinja sing'anga. Iye wakhala ndi zothandiza pothetsa aakulu "Panther" atangomva mfuti chigoba ndi mbali zida. Pankhondo ndi atsopano ndi zambiri oti muli nazo zida "Amabereka" Lamulungu 76 anasonyeza kuti osamveka mpaka kumayambiriro kwa chokhala ndi kuboola projectiles.

Mu theka lachiwiri la 1944, anatenga Red Army analowa kudziletsa injini odana ndege chida ZSU 37, analengedwa pa maziko a galimotoyo wa T-70.

Lero, okhometsa, mafani ndi mwayi kugula chitsanzo aliyense wa T-70. Mtengo wa zofunika chitsanzo (moyo kukula) - 5 miliyoni rubles. Kusungitsa kuti okonzeka ndi galimotoyo pachiyambi, koma, ndithudi, sananenedwe kwa nkhondo. Pa nthawi yomweyo opambana patsogolo atsopano ku chikopa mkati kuti sonar.