Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi

XX atumwi anali zonse umunthu amene achoka chizindikiro moona kukoma mbiri ya chitukuko cha anthu onse. Great atulukira sayansi ... Opanda zingwe Internet mafoni ndi mayitanidwe zopanda malire kulankhulana mafoni - chotsatira chenicheni cha kafukufuku amenewa. Koma pa chiyambi cha zaka mazana makumi awiri, ankalimbikitsa anaikidwa osati pa luso. Chofunika chinali chikhalidwe chigawo cha anthu. N'chifukwa chake zikamera mabuku, kumene, kumapitirira monga mwachizolowezi, kwenikweni kusanduka kuyamika mayina luso otsala mu chikumbukiro amene amasirira prose ndi ndakatulo za m'ma XX.

Ndipo mmodzi mwa anthu amenewa anali Nadezhda Aleksandrovna Teffi, nee Lokhvitskaya, ndipo mwamuna wake - Buchynska. Iye anabadwa pa 9 May (ndi pa kafukufuku ena - pa April 27), 1872 mu mzinda wa St. Petersburg (kumene deta ndi osiyana, monga muli mawu kuti anaonekera kwa kuunika m'chigawo Volyn). Tsogolo wolemba anali mwana wa odziwika nthawi katswiri wa milandu, ndi kuwonjezera, komanso wofalitsa magazini ya "Judicial boma yotchedwa Gazette" AV Lokhvitsky. Komanso Hope - mlongo ndithu odziwika poetess Mirra (nee Mary) Lokhvitskaya (anali iyeyo pa nthawi unkatchedwa "Russian Sappho").

Pseudonym "Taffy" yosainidwa woyamba kwambiri nkhani azithunzithunzi, komanso kusewera "Amayi nkhani", amene anaonekera mu 1907. Koma ndakatulo, amene kumbuyo mu 1901 ndipo debuted Lokhvitskaya Komabe, lofalitsidwa pansi dzina lake namwaliyu pano.

Chiyambi cha dzina lakuti "Taffy" akadali sanaidziŵe. Monga tanenera paokha mwachindunji amapita mpaka kunyumba dzina lakale mtumiki Lohvitsky - Stepan (banja lace Steffy), komanso ndakatulo ya Rudyard Kipling mokhumudwa monga «Taffy anali walesman / Taffy anali wakuba». Koma nkhani ndi zithunzi kuti anaonekera kwa siginecha ichi, anali amazipanga wotchuka mu chisanadze chosintha Russia, kotero nthawi imodzi analipo ngakhale mafuta onunkhira candies amatchedwa "Taffy".

Taffy linasindikizidwa mu "Satyricon" magazini ndi "New Satyricon" kuyambira nkhani chawo choyamba, lofalitsidwa mu April 1908, mpaka lamulo la buku mu August 1918, kotero monga woyambitsa ziwiri buku lanyimbo zoseketsa, lofalitsidwa mu 1910, zomwe zinali ndiye otsatidwa ndi zopereka angapo ( "Carousel", "utsi popanda moto", amene anaonekera mu 1914, komanso "zopanda moyo chirombo", wolembedwa mu 1916), Taffy kuchokera pachiyambi, chapeza mbiri yabwino-chikhalidwe, zoseketsa, ndi chidwi kwambiri wolemba. Atawira olemba ena chimasiyanitsa ndi omvetsa zofooka za anthu, kukoma mtima kwake ndi chifundo zosaneneka kwa khalidwe lawo hapless.

Taffy ankakonda kwambiri polemba chinenero cha kakang'ono, yomwe inachokera pa malongosoledwe a zazing'ono azithunzithunzi powonekera. M'buku lake lakuti ziwiri buku, iye anayamba epigraph a "Ethics" B.Spinozy kuti molondola kwambiri ambiri a ntchito zake amasankha phula ake: "Pakuti kuseka - pali chimwemwe, choncho iye yekha - dalitso."

Ndithu yochepa chosintha maganizo, amene anali mu 1905 chinachititsa kumayamba kulemba Taffy kugwirizana ndi Bolshevik nyuzipepala "New Life", ngakhale noticeable mu ntchito yake simunawasiye. Kodi si kunathandiza chogwirika ndi kulenga komanso kuyesetsa kwake kulemba satires chikhalidwe pa mavuto apakhungu, zomwe nyuzipepala "Russian mawu" kuyembekezera Taffy. Pali inasindikizidwa, kuyambira 1910. Pa nthawi imeneyo, mutu wa nyuzipepala "Mfumu zoseketsa anecdotes" - V. Doroshevich yekha, ndithudi, kaya zochokera talente Taffy moyenerera ina ananena kuti "yopanda pake zambiri mu kavalo Arabia kunyamula madzi."

Pamodzi ndi wotchuka wolemba satirikonovtsem Averchenko kumapeto kwa 1918 Taffy anapita kwa kanthawi Kiev, kumene ankafunira kuchita maonekedwe awo onse, ndiye, pambuyo umene unatha zaka imodzi ndi theka akungoyendayenda kum'mwera kwa Russia (kudzera Odessa, Novorossiysk ndi Ekaterinodar) iwo anafika, potsiriza, kupyolera mu Constantinople yokha mpaka Paris. M'buku lake "Sindidzaiwala" (lofalitsidwa mu 1931), lomwe si memoir m'lingaliro loona mawu, koma kokha nkhani autobiographical, Taffy anakhoza bwino ndi kwathunthu angakwanitse njira lonse wa maulendo awo, ndipo analemba kuti Sanataye chiyembekezo kwa yakufulumira kubwerera ku ululu Moscow kwawo.

Onse mu prose ndi mu sewero pa Taffy pambuyo emigration wake ndinasintha kumatheka ena chisoni, ngakhale amajambulapo maluwa okongola pang'ono zomvetsa chisoni. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa cholakalaka dziko lakwawo - mmodzi wa mphamvu wa matenda a m'maganizo ambirimbiri amene anasamukira. Ndipo osati kokha. Mumatani pamene nthawi yaitali musamatchule anzanu ndi abale anu, inu simukudziwa chimene chimachitika kwa iwo? Ndiko kulondola, kukhala nazo ngakhale maganizo, inu sadzapeza malo yekha.

Kamvekedwe Taffy nkhani kunadetsa Chili ena mwakhama ndi yomweyo kumangosokoneza mgwirizano cholemba. Malinga ambiri a wolemba, ndi nthawi yovuta, yomwe kudutsa m'badwo wake, ngakhale mwa njira iliyonse wakwanitsa susintha lamulo wosatha, umene nthawi zina zinali zosatheka kusiyanitsa chimwemwe zakanthawi za chisoni, nthawi yaitali kuti wamba.

M'tsogolo, lonse Wachiwiri World nkhondo ndi ntchito wotsatira wa Taffy anapulumuka popanda kusiya Paris. Komabe, nthawi iye anavomera kulankhula ndi kuwerenga ntchito zawo kwa anthuwo obwera omvera, amene akukhala nthawi zochepa chaka chilichonse. Chabwino, kwa zaka pambuyo nkhondo Taffy anali otanganidwa kwambiri memoir zina zachidule a m'nthawi awo oyambirira - kuchokera Aleksandra Kuprina ndi Konstantin Balmont kuti Grigoriya Rasputina.

Moyo Taffy anapita ku Paris pa October 6, 1952, anasiya kwambiri nyongolosi chikhalidwe maluwa kwa nthawi yaitali, mpaka potsiriza, osati kwathunthu nsalu mu korona wa matalente woona mabuku.