Bonsai ndi chiyani? Kodi kukula mtengo kakang'ono kunyumba?

Munthu houseplant - chinthu chowala violet kapena ficus ndi mdima masamba chonyezimira. Ndipo amene akufuna kukula nkhalango weniweni ochepa ka dziko.

mafani zambiri zomera m'nyumba adamva mawu achinsinsi "bonsai". Koma kodi bonsai ndi m'mene tingamangire chozizwitsa kakang'ono, monga sindikumvetsa. Komabe kumvetsa izi amawaganizira kwambiri.

History of bonsai

The mafashoni kwa mitengo kakang'ono ambiri padziko lonse ku Japan. Koma Japanese sali woyambitsa wa latsopano luso. Bonsai lingaliro anabwera kwa iye kuchokera China. Koma chinali Japanese kupita nawo ku ungwiro.

Kutchula koyamba za kulima mitengo kakang'ono lidapezeka m'manja a mbiri mu 1972. Mu mausoleum wa Prince Zhang Hui zithunzi anapezeka kuti kulongosola mwatsatanetsatane sayansi ya kukula mitengo ing'onoing'ono. Tikayang'ana mmene mosamala Zojambula za zasungidwa kwa mibadwo, njira zimachitika chidziwitso mkulu mtengo. Zojambula inalembedwa kale ulamuliro wa Chinese Tang Mafumu womwe 600 BC. e.

The Chinese wotchedwa zachilendo chizolowezi "pensay". The Japanese kuwerenga khalidwe Chinese mu njira yake, ndi kupeza mawu "bonsai" amatanthauza "chakula thireyi."

Zodabwitsa ndizakuti, amene amafufuza zamakezana kuti Aiguputo akale ankadziwa kuti bonsai a. Iwo mwakula zomera ang'onoang'ono muli wapadera, koma dzina mosiyana. Mwatsoka, Baibulo Aigupto dzina alibe waliteteza.

Kodi mfundo

The Japanese anabweretsa luso kukula zomera kakang'ono ku ungwiro. Mtengo uliwonse amafuna zaka zambiri ntchito ndi mwini chidwi ndi kuleza mtima. The njira yokha mwaluso wobiriwira kuti adzakhala ndi moyo wautali kuposa Mlengi wake. Wokongola chomera apeza ophunzira wopindulitsa amene amadziŵa bwino zimene ndi mmene khama bonsai mbuye waika mu kukongola izi.

Luso bonsai - ndi nzeru zina kuti amalola kuti bveka moyo ndi kusangalala kukongola kwa madziwo. Mtengo uliwonse m'manja mwa mbuye udzadutsa mu masiteji atatu, monga zamoyo zonse padziko lapansili. Choyamba, kunyumba kwa mnyamata, zokongolazi ndi kutsitsimuka ndi kuthamanga, ndiye akulowa kukhwima, kufika ku ungwiro ndi kukongola mitundu, ndi gawo lotsiriza - ukalamba, embodying nzeru zonse za dziko. Komanso, ndi bonsai - chizindikiro cha kupitiriza kwa mibadwo, chifukwa womaliza m'banja ayenera chiyani pa zimene zinachitikira ndi kupitiriza zimene analenga achikulire.

Kodi mitengo akhoza kukhala wamkulu

Nthawi zambiri kukula mu muli ntchito mitundu yobiriwira. Izi zikhoza kukhala Japanese paini, Chinese mlombwa, Cryptomeria, pyatilistnaya, wakuda kapena wofiira paini Japanese. Bonsai mitengo mitundu izi zikuwoneka chidwi kwambiri, koma ena amakonda kukula mitengo mitundu pali chithumwa wapadera mu nyengo kusintha. Pankhaniyi, agwirizane ndi maula Japanese, mitengo apulo a mitundu yosiyanasiyana, yamatcheri, ena zosiyanasiyana maples, rhododendrons, azaleas zakutchire, mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mapeyala, persimmons, mphesa zam'tchire, msondodzi ndi ena.

Bonsai paini zikuwoneka wokongola kwambiri ndi zachilendo, monga taonera mu chithunzi pansipa, kotero nthawi zambiri kotheka kukumana mitengo kakang'ono pine.

Bonsai Masitayelo: Tokkan ndi Moogi

Ngakhale ambiri odziwa mbuye sadzamva awiri zomera zofanana. Koma onse nyimbo anapanga bwino ogaŵikana masitaelo. Mwambo umenewu anadziwana ndi luso bonsai ndi Japanese. Iwo apatsidwa akuti chiwerengero cha malo amene mitengo anawagawa masitaelo. Pali zoposa 30, koma tikambirana ambiri.

Ngati mukuona bonsai zomera ndi thunthu molunjika, kuwonjezera pansi, ndiye mwamwambo woongoka kalembedwe - Tokkan. khalidwe lina lofunika pa iye - pamwamba pa chomera ayenera zauzhatsya. Kalembedwe, mukhoza kukula mtundu uliwonse wa nkhuni. Ophiphiritsa Tokkana - onyada kusungulumwa ndi khalidwe indomitable.

Ngati mmera elongated vertically, koma nthambi zake mulibe dongosolo bwino, ndipo anakonza mwachisawawa, ndiye kalembedwe izi Moogi. The thunthu akhoza anawerama, koma nsonga kwenikweni kukopedwa pa mzere ndi tsinde, chimene chinapanga pansi perpendicular. Moogi likuimira kuphweka ndi ufulu, koma - kufuna kupitirira zochitika otsutsa.

Fukinagasi ndi shakai

Izi masitaelo bonsai, ngati chithunzi imene mphepo yamphamvu gusty. Pakuti shakai (kalembedwe zazing'ono) amakhala ndi otsetsereka pa ngodya pansi, koma mtengo anakoka. Fukinagasi (anawerama ndi mphepo) Mwina ndi tayala ndi okonda kutsinde, koma nthambi yake mu njira imodzi (motsogozedwa otsetsereka a), ngati mtengo wamkulu mu mphepo yamphamvu. Ikuimira masitaelo awa - kukana kwa zachilengedwe ndi kulimbana moyo.

kalembedwe Sokan

Sokan amatanthauza "forked thunthu". kalembedwe Izi zinachititsa mafani bonsai chirengedwe, chifukwa nthawi zambiri kuchokera ku muzu chomwecho ndi mbiya kukacha, mmodzi amene ali wamphamvu ndi apamwamba. mtengo kungakhale lathyathyathya kapena slanted, si zofunika kwambiri, chinthu chachikulu - ayenera kupanga korona wamba. Pangani bonsai N'chimodzimodzinso panyumba ngati n'kotheka, kupereka maonekedwe a chachiwiri mbiya wotsikitsitsa nthambi. Ikuimira kalembedwe ichi - kupitiriza kwa mibadwo ndi miyambo kulemekeza. Sokan nthawi zina amatchedwanso "mapasa" kapena "Bambo ndi mwana".

Kengay ndi Khan kengay

Ndi pang'ono mitundu chimodzimodzi bonsai mu kugwa ndi polukaskadnom kalembedwe. Kengay - ngati mtengo anathyola thanthwe phompho. Kuti tipulumuke, iye anasinthira kuyamba moyo wovuta. kalembedwe chizindikiro - plasticity zinthu zonse.

Khan kengay ali ndi malangizo zambiri yopingasa kukula tsinde la. Mitengo, monga kukula pa gombe, kuyesera kukwaniritsa korona wa madzi. Hyun-kengay - bonsai, chithunzi chimene chimasonyeza kuti nthambi musalekane pansipa pakati pa mphika, ndipo nsonga ya zomera zonse inali pamwamba pa nthaka.

Pakuti masitaelo izi zonse kusankha zomera pulasitiki ndi kupinda mitengo ikuluikulu. Zokonda zapatsidwa kwa paini mtengo, cotoneaster, yofanana ndi mkungudza.

Bundzingi

kalembedwe Izi ndi chimodzi cha zovuta kwambiri kuzitsatira. Ndipo Iye ali mmodzi wa wakale kwambiri. Apo ayi, kalembedwe uyu akutchedwa "zolembalemba." Chotero dzina chifukwa chakuti zomera ndi zojambula mawonekedwe a "Makalata a Japanese." Ambuye monga kulemba zizindikiro calligraphic, kukula mitengo ndi makungwa yaitali yokhota kumapeto popanda nthambi m'munsi. Amatupitsa mu izi mtundu wa bonsai amaloledwa yekha pamwamba kwambiri. Kalembedwe akuimira lightness ndi okwera. Pakuti kukula kwa osankhidwa conifer kapena mitundu yotakata-masamba.

Wokongola Ose-ue

Kodi inu mungalingalire bonsai miphika imene inamera nkhalango yaing'ono? Zomera mu kalembedwe Ose-ue. The zikuchokera wapangidwa ndi ambiri makungwa a mitengo ndi kutalika osiyana, ndi makulidwe osiyana ndi zaka mbewu. Kawirikawiri kukatenga wosamvetseka chiwerengero cha mitengo, omwe kawirikawiri ndi mtundu womwewo. Anabzala popanda kuona zodabwitsa ndiponso kupewa mtunda wofanana. Choncho, mbuye afika paki yake kapena copse laling'ono, ofanana kwambiri m'dera zinyama.

kalembedwe Sharimiki

Ŵakusanga Japanese aphunzira kuona kukongola mu mphindi iliyonse ya moyo. Iwo atsimikizira kuti ukalamba akhoza kukhala wokongola. Kupanga mfundo imeneyi - Sharimiki kalembedwe kuti ndi "akufa matabwa". Amapanga mtengo wamango makungwa wakale thunthu ndi pang'ono kuchotsedwa, ndipo vybelivaetsya matabwa, kupanga kusiyana akufa ndi amoyo. Sites ndi matabwa akufa mochenjera maondo, koma iwo ayenera kuoneka bwino lomwe. Kwa mtundu uwu zambiri ntchito yofanana ndi mkungudza.

kubzala bonsai

Ngati mukupita kukula anafotokoza chozizwitsa atsopano akudabwa momwe kudzala bonsai. Mukhoza kuchita izi mu njira zingapo:

1. Miso njira. Izi abwino oyamba experimenters. Iwo unazunguliridwa mu kufesa mbewu amatengedwa m'tchire. Pankhaniyi, mukhoza kusankha osiyanasiyana ya majeremusi ndi chimodzi chofunika, ndi kuyamba kubwerera m'mbuyo kukula kuyambira pachiyambi.
2. Njira Toriki. Izi kukula zomera kakang'ono ku cuttings kapena layering. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi, mu malo oyenera pa odulidwa nthambi kapena amazidulira makungwa ndi matabwa amaliona ndi ogalamutsa akavalo anatsegula kukula. Wood Moss muffle gawo ndi filimu ndi 3 (zina zambiri) miyezi. ndi cutoff mfundo sapereka adzauma nthawi zonse.
3. Njira Yamadori. Woikidwiratu dzina la - "anapezeka ndi anakumba." Spring mu nkhalango kapena munda mbewu yabwino, kwete ndi kuwasiya iwo kwa miyezi ingapo mapangidwe akavalo pamwamba. Pambuyo mizu wamphamvu ameneyu pang'ono wamfupi, mmera yotengedwa kuchokera ku dothi, ndipo akuyamba mapangidwe bonsai mu mphika.
4. Njira Ueki. Ndi njira yotero anagulidwa wokonzeka achinyamata zomera nazale, ndiye kudula ndi anabzala mu mphika mosabisa. Kapena kugula bonsai wamng'ono, ndi kupititsa patsogolo katakula, zochokera zokonda zawo mu kalembedwe.

Kodi kupanga chomera

Ntchito yaikulu kukula bonsai - kukakamiza mtengo kukhala laling'ono. Kuti tichite zimenezi, muyenera m'mbuyo kukula ndi kupereka mawonekedwe ankafuna. Kukula chopinga zambiri kudula mizu ndi mphukira achinyamata kuchotsedwa, kusankha nthaka zowonda ntchito kuchuluka kochepa fetereza ndi kusankha miphika wapadera wa bonsai, kumene mizu akhoza kukula kwambiri. Komanso, onetsetsani kuti ntchito dongosolo zofooketsa revenues timadziti, kuchititsa mabala yopingasa pa nkhuni kapena criss-ankawoloka waya mbiya.

Pamene mmera mokwanira mizu, anayamba chepetsa nthambi zake ndi Chipilala. Kuchita izi, ntchito waya mkuwa, zomwe entangle nthambi ndipo zitalizitali anakonza maluwa a. Anaŵerama Ndikwabwino kuyambitsa m'chilimwe, pamene nthambi kusintha. Pofuna kuwononga korona, malo kupinda wokutidwa ndi chingwe zofewa kapena bast.

kudulira panthaŵi yake zimenezi zimathandiza kuti adzuke ku kukula kufunika impso. Ngati munakonza mawonekedwe abwino ayenera kutumizidwa ku nthambi ya ku dzanja lamanja, ndiye kusankha impso, kum'mamatira m'njira yoyenera, ndipo anadula nthambi pamwamba pa iye, kusiya pamwamba ndi hemp.

Mwa njira, ngati nakulitsa bonsai paini, m'pofunika kuchita kudula ndi kusamala kwambiri. nthambi kuonongeka angapatutse chikasu. Izi imakhudzanso conifers ena.

Kodi kusamalira zomera

The zomera zimafuna chisamaliro pa moyo wake. Kukula yabwino bonsai, chisamaliro kunyumba anapereka chaka chonse. Zikuphatikizapo Thirani, feteleza, kuthirira.

Repotting bwino anachita mu kasupe. Care ayenera kumwedwa kuti mizu musati kukula ndipo musati kupanga mpira. Izi zimachitika, mtengo atachotsedwa mbale, mizu tadulidwa ndi kubwerera mbewu pamalopo, koma mwatsopano nthaka.

Kuti chodzala chisakanizo cha humus 3/5 nthaka, 1/5 peat ndi 1/5 mchenga. Nthaka mu beseni bwinobwino tamped kotero kuti palibe voids. Kutalika kwa nthaka mu chidebe -. Pafupifupi 5-6 masentimita pamwamba pa izo, nthawi zambiri chokongoletsedwa ndi miyala ndiponso ndere.

Kudyetsa ikuchitika m'chaka ndi chilimwe. The imeneyi anakhalabe pafupifupi milungu iwiri. The adalipo wokonzeka kugwiritsa ntchito madzi feteleza organic ndi zitosi mbalame, amene anayambitsa kudzera maola 2 pambuyo kuthirira.

Kodi n'chiyaninso chimene muyenera kukula wathanzi ndi wokongola Bonsai? Care kunyumba ungabwere kuthirira wochuluka nthawi zonse. Anthu ambiri kukhazikitsa chidebe ndi mtengo yaing'ono chidebe msomali madzi. pansi pake ladzala ndi miyala ing'onoing'ono ndi kuika kabati. The madzi mu thireyi anakhalabe pa mlingo umodzi. Izi zimathandiza kuwonjezera chinyezi ndi kuchepetsa kuthirira.

Madzi ndi mitengo zofunika kakang'ono lalikulu zedi. Koma tiyenera kuganizira mtundu wa zomera, chifukwa okhala mabacteria osiyana nyengo zosiyana zinthu kuthirira. Mwachitsanzo, ang'ono-Ndalankhula Carmona - ndi bonsai mtengo chisamaliro zimene zikupangitsa tsiku mvula ulimi wothirira. Koma yade kotero kuthirira zoipa, boma lake mizu sangathe kulimbana ndi kuchuluka kwa chinyezi niivunda.

Nkofunika kuzindikira kuti mtengo kakang'ono ayenera kuthiriridwa zambiri, ngakhale mawonekedwe sakonda nthaka yonyowa, pamene pali zinthu zotsatirazi:

• masamba pa nthambi za zazikulu ndi ochuluka kwambiri;
• zomera anabzala mu chidebe yaing'ono kapena mosabisa, kuyambira pamenepo lalikulu chinyezi evaporation ndi malo pamwamba pa gawo lapansi ndi;
• chipinda youma kwambiri ndi mpweya otentha.

Komanso, chomera sizingatiletse kupopera zonse. Komabe, dziŵani kuti mitundu yobiriwira akhoza sprayed ndi madzi otchezedwa yekha. Ngati inu ntchito wapampopi wamba masamba yochitidwa pachimake Nondeducibility akuwonekera.

Tsopano inu mukumvetsa zimene bonsai, mungayesere kulenga mwaluso wanu. Koma kuganizira ndi kuwunika mphamvu zawo. Ngati simuli mtima zokwanira, ndiyeno mwinamwake musamatenge pa ntchito iliyonse yolemetsa.