Besetting: mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi zizindikiro za kubalana

Nkhumba ndi tizilombo zodabwitsa zomwe zimakhala pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Koma koposa zonse amasankha nyengo yotentha ndi yotentha. M'madera otentha mungapeze zazikulu zowopsya, zomwe kutalika kwake kumafika masentimita asanu. Pakati pa tizilombo tawo pali mitundu yomwe imaluma, ndi iwo omwe alibe mphamvuyi mwachibadwa. Ku Russia iwo amapezeka nthawi zambiri, makamaka kum'mwera kwa dzikoli.

Maonekedwe

Tizilomboti, malingana ndi mitundu, ili ndi mapangidwe ake enieni ndi kutalika kwake. Kukumba mavupusi (sphecids) akhoza kufika mpaka mamita makumi asanu ndi asanu mphambu zisanu. Amayang'ana mofanana ndi maulendo ozoloŵera, koma ochulukirapo. Kumbuyo kwa udzu ukufanana ndi kanyumba kakang'ono, kamene kali mbali ya chida ichi. Dzina la tizilombo linachokera ku ntchito yawo yaikulu - iwo amakumba pansi, ndiko kuti, kukumba malo awo okha ndikukhazikika mmenemo. Mapazi a kutsogolo kwa mavukiro akuphimbidwa ndi zotetezera kwambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti nthaka iwonongeke.

Komabe, ngakhale kuti dzinali sikuti, si onse omwe amaimira zamoyozi amakhala mumdima wouma. Mitundu ina imakonda nkhuni ndi zomera. Kwa ambiri a iwo, gawo lapamwamba liri lopanda mokwanira kuti ilo liwathandize kuchotsa pansi kuchoka pa gawo lopapatiza mu burrow ndi kuligwirizanitsa.

Kudyetsa kukumba

Kukumba nsomba ndi nyama. Uyu ndi msaki wodabwitsa yemwe ali ndi njira yeniyeni pa kuukira. Ngati udzu unasankha wozunzidwa, ndiye kuti sangathe kuthawa. Kuonjezerapo, choyamba chomwe chidagwidwa chimapha. Pambuyo pa kuukira koteroko, wozunzidwayo sangathe kukwanitsa. Koma udzu ukusaka makamaka ana. Gawo lalikulu la zakudya zake ndi madzi a zomera, maluwa, timadzi tokoma. Kukumba mvula imatenthetsanso madzi, koma mitundu yokhayo. Mitundu ya munthu aliyense imasonkhanitsa nyerere yomwe imasonkhanitsidwa kuchokera ku mbuzi ya njuchi.

Mitundu ya misomali ya burrowing

Ichi ndi gulu lalikulu la tizilombo toyambitsa matenda, omwe ali ndi mitundu yoposa zikwi khumi. Ambiri mwa awa ndi awa:

• Wasp wa Larra anathema. Mitunduyi imayamikiridwa makamaka ndi alimi a galimoto ndi wamaluwa kuti oimira ake awononge tizirombo, pakati pawo chimbalangondo. Kuyaka udzu ndi wosungulumwa, amadya timadzi tokoma, amakonda kutentha, amatha kudziwika ndi mtundu wakuda. Pa kusaka kwa chimbalangondo, amamenya, kuwononga tizilombo. Ndiye madontho amaika dzira mu thupi la wovutitsidwayo. Pambuyo pa zotsatira za poizoni, chimbalangondo chimachotsedwa pansi. Ndi apo pomwe mphutsiyi imayamba bwino kwambiri, zomwe zimachititsa kuti tizilombo toyambitsa matenda tiwonongeke. Ikani chiberekero posakhalitsa itapanga pupa.
• Mchenga amphophil. Ali ndi thupi laling'ono komanso lalitali, loyera-lakuda ndi mimba yofiira. Mchenga amphophil amadziwika kuti ndiye wamkulu wa mavu, ndipo kutalika kwake kumatha masentimita anayi. Kukhazikitsa kumeneku kumadyetsa ana ake ndi mbozi zomwe zimakhala padziko lapansi. Choyamba, amphophilus yamchenga imasaka nyama yomwe imakhala yochuluka kuposa nyongolosi zambiri, kenako imayimitsa ndi kuyikoka m'chisa chake. Amapanga molunjika pa mbozi kuti mbozi ikhale ndi chakudya.
• Njuchi wolf, philanthropist. Mtundu woterewu umakhala waukulu, wokhala ndi mutu waukulu, umakhala ndi nsagwada komanso thupi lamphamvu. Mtundu wa wopereka mphatso ndi wakuda ndi wachikasu, kumbuyo uko muli magulu angapo a mtundu woyera. Dzina limatanthauzira njira ya moyo wa udzu - imasaka njuchi. Wokondedwayo akadzapeza, wopereka mphatsoyo amachimenya, amadya uchi, ndipo amatenga thupi la njuchi yomwe imayesedwa mu chisa chimene chimadyetsa ana ake. Nkhandwe ya njuchi imapangitsa kuti alimi aziwononga kwambiri.
• Sandblast wamba. Izi zimakhala zakuda, zofiira komanso mimba yofiira. Chakudya cha mchenga wamba ndi timadzi tokoma ndi tizilombo, mwachitsanzo, ziwala ndi ziphuphu. Kawirikawiri ogwidwa ndi nyongolotsi zimenezi zimakhala zazikulu kuposa iwowo. Kulimbana ndi nkhondo yaikulu kwambiri kuposa iyeyo, tizilombo, thumba la mchenga kumenyana mpaka kumapeto, ndipo monga lamulo, limapambana. Pambuyo pa mvula yamkuntho imapha munthu wodwalayo ndi mbola yake, ngakhale chiphuphu chachikulu kwambiri chimatulutsa mzimu.
• Palinso maulendo a pamsewu, omwe amaika mazira m'thupi la akangaude.

Kubalanso m'chilengedwe

Kukumba madontho ndi tizilombo zomwe zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kwa ana awo. Kwa mphutsi zawo amasungira chakudya cha ntchito zamtsogolo komanso kumanga nyumba za achinyamata. Chakudya cha mphutsi za zilondazo makamaka makafulu, mbozi, ntchentche, nsabwe za m'masamba, akangaude. Mitundu ya anthu amtundu uliwonse imasankha tizilombo "tokha" ngati nkhanza. Nsomba izi sizikhala m'magulu, timatha kunena kuti ndi osakwatiwa, choncho amawotcha popanda ana awo. Pambuyo pake, mayiyu akukonzekera malo ake omwe amatha kukhalamo, iye, monga wosamalira alendo, amadzaza chisa ndi chakudya ndikuika mazira. Dziko lapansi limatseka kuchokera pamwamba kuti lizitetezedwe. Mitundu ina ya akazi amafufuzira chisa ndi mazira tsiku lililonse, kuti apereke mphutsi ndi chakudya chatsopano. Ngati pali zisa zingapo, ndiye kuti kudyetsa dothi kumayang'ana onse.

Malo odyera

Kawirikawiri, ziwombankhanga (chithunzi cha ena a iwo chikuwoneka m'nkhaniyi) chisa chomwe chili chitetezo. Amakumba mink mu mchenga, dziko lapansi, amakhala mu makungwa a mitengo kapena zimayambira za zomera zazikulu. Zonsezi amachita, kutsatira chibadwa, kwa ana amtsogolo. Kumapeto kwa kasupe, njuchi zikukutsatiridwa ndi nyengo ya mating, kenako tizilombo timapanga misala mu chisa chokonzekera.

Mtengo wa kubwekera madandaulo kwa anthu

Kawirikawiri, tizilombo timapindula kwambiri (kupatula njuchi). Akulimbana ndi tizirombo, kuteteza zomera zothandiza ndi mitengo. Munthu wokhalamo amakhala kumalo otseguka, choncho sagwirizana ndi munthu ndipo amakhala wotetezeka kwa iye.