Banja lolamulira la Habsburg akalonga Austria kwa mfumu yamphamvu ya Europe

Habsburg mafumu kuyambira pa XIII atumwi, pamene nthumwi zake zinali nzeru ku Austria. Pa pakati pa XV atumwi ndi chiyambi cha XIX iwo anachita akuzisunga mutu wa mafumu a Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma, pokhala mafumu amphamvu kwambiri m'dzikoli.

Mbiri ya banja lolamulira la Habsburg

Anayambitsa mtundu wa ankakhala X atumwi. Lero, sanakhale ndi moyo pafupifupi palibe uthenga. Amadziwika kuti mbeu yake, Graf Rudolf, anagula dziko Austria mu zaka za m'ma XIII. Kwenikweni, ali chopunthira cha Swabia nakhala kum'mwera, komwe nthumwi kale makolo Nyumbayi mafumu. Dzina la Nyumbayi - Gabiskhtsburg (ku German - "Mphamba-loko") ndi anapereka dzina la mafumu a. Mu 1273, Rudolf anasankhidwa kukhala Mfumu ya ku Germany ndi Mfumu ya Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma. Iye anapambana ku Czech Mfumu Premysl Otakar Austria ndi Styria, ndi ana ake Albrecht ndi Rudolf anakhala banja lolamulira la Habsburg poyamba, amene analamulira Austria. Mu 1298, Albrecht tinatengera kwa atate wake mutu wa mfumu ndi German mfumu. Ndipo kenako pa mpando wachifumu chosankhidwa, ndi mwana wake. Komabe, mu m'ma XIV, mutu wa Mfumu ya Ufumu Wopatulika wa Roma ndi Mfumu ya ku Germany anali akadali wosankhidwa pakati pa akalonga German, ndipo sikuti accrue anthu a mafumu a. Only mu 1438, pamene Mfumu Albrecht II kukhala, banja lolamulira la Habsburg potsiriza adzinenere kuti mutuwo. Kupatulapo anali kenako chimodzi chokha pamene ufumu mphamvu anapanga Elector a Bavaria mu zaka za m'ma XVIII.

The heyday a mafumu a

Kuyambira nthawi imeneyi ya Habsburg mafumu ndi chikutenga mphamvu zambiri kufika pamwamba kwambiri. kupambana kwawo chinaikidwa ndondomeko bwino Mfumu Maximilian, amene analamulira mu XV mochedwa - chiyambi cha m'ma XVI. Ndipotu bwino chachikulu chinali ukwati wabwino: mwini, chimene udachita iye Netherlands, ndi mwana wa Filipo, kotero kuti banja lolamulira la Habsburg anagwidwa ndi Spain. Za mdzukulu Maximilian a, Carlos V, ananena kuti pa ulamuliro wake dzuwa sanaike - kotero ambiri anayala mphamvu yake. Iye anali wa Germany, Netherlands, mbali ya Spain ndipo Italy, komanso zinthu zina zofunikira mu New World. Habsburg mafumu akumana pachimake apamwamba a mphamvu yake.

Komabe, ngakhale pa moyo uno wa mfumu boma chachikulu chidagawika. Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake, ndipo onse unatha, kenako oimira mafumu nawo chuma chawo wina ndi mzake. Ferdinand ndinapita ku Austria ndi Germany, Philip II - Spain ndipo Italy. M'tsogolo, banja lolamulira la Habsburg, Mafumu lagawidwa nthambi ziwiri, alibenso wina. Mu nthawi zina ngakhale anatsegula achibale zimatsutsana. Monga zinalili pa Zaka Makumi Atatu nkhondo mu Europe. Kuthana okonzanso izo akumenya mwamphamvu ndi mphamvu ya nthambi ziwiri. Choncho, Mfumu ya Mzimu Woyera Roma analibe mphamvu ya kale, limene likugwirizana ndi zikamera wa limati yolembedwa mu Europe. A Spanish banja lolamulira la Habsburg ndipo anachita kutaya mpando wake wachifumu, n'kuupereka kwa Bourbons lapansi.

Mu zaka za m'ma XVIII, mafumu a ku Austria Joseph II ndi Leopold II nthawi zina amalephera kuti adzathe kuukitsa kutchuka ndi mphamvu ya mafumu a. Izi heyday chachiwiri, pamene banja lolamulira la Habsburg analinso otchuka mu Europe, watha pafupifupi zaka. Komabe, pambuyo ulimi wa 1848, mzera wa mafumu sakukhulupiriranso okhawo ake mphamvu, ngakhale mu ufumu wake. Austria inasanduka ufumu wapawiri - Austria-Hungary. Komanso - ndi kulisiya - kugwa kwa ndondomekoyi yachedwetsedwa yekha chifukwa cha wachikoka ndi nzeru ulamuliro wa Frantsa Iosifa, amene anali womaliza wolamulira weniweni wa boma. Habsburg mafumu (chithunzi Frantsa Iosifa kumanja) atagonjetsedwa ku First World nkhondo mu mphamvu anathamangitsidwa m'dziko, ndi pa bwinja la ufumu wa mu 1919, panali angapo limati dziko palokha.