Azov Sea: Mavuto ndi mfundo zochititsa chidwi. mavuto Environmental wa Azov Sea ndi gombe lake

Nyanja ya Azov ndi wapadera zinthu zachilengedwe. Munthu aliyense akumvetsa kufunika kwa kusunga oyera monga gwero la chuma komanso chuma chauzimu. Kamodzi-ochititsa chidwi kwambiri zachilengedwe malo osowa chitetezo kwambiri.

Nyanja ya Azov, mavuto amene - osauka zachilengedwe boma chifukwa cha ntchito zamalonda m'mayiko a m'mphepete mwa nyanja, ndi kudutsa nthawi yovuta. Khumi otsiriza wakhala kwambiri utachepa kuchuluka kwa ntchito zachilengedwe, kuti popanda kukokomeza, limatchula tsoka.

Mu Soviet Union boma akuyendera mfundo ndi bwino chitetezo cha hydrosphere lapansi. Mu zaka 90 onse Russia ndi Ukraine kuti masinthidwe zikuluzikulu chuma ndi ndale, imene mavuto a zachilengedwe yakhala. Komabe, utachepa ndi katundu topezeka chifukwa cha zachuma.

Mwamsanga pamene mayiko a m'dera anakhudza kukula, zimakhudza likuwonongekera chilengedwe chawonjezeka. Ndi 2008, mafakitale la Russia ndi Ukraine zambiri kuposa mlingo umene unalipo mu USSR. Mofanana chinawonjezeka ndi kulowa m'nyanja zinyansi zimbudzi, Mankhwala oipitsa ena.

Kodi Nyanja ya Azov

Zimatanthauza mbali ya Black Sea beseni kuchokera kumpoto, kum'mawa, kulumikiza ndi otsiriza Kerch Khwalala. nyanjayi ndi losaya kwambiri mu dziko. Kuya avareji Nyanja Azov mu kwambiri m'madera "zolemekezeka" Kodi musalumphe 13,5 mamita ndi kachigawo Khwalala - 4.2 Km. Malekezero a izo zili kumpoto 45 ° 12'30 "ndi 47 ° 17'30", longitude 33 ° 38 'ndi 39 ° 18'. Ambiri, kuya avareji Nyanja Azov ranges kuchokera 6.8 kuti 8 mamita. Lake lalikulu kutalika 343 Km, mtunda pazipita 231 Km m'lifupi. M'dera la pamwamba pa nyanja - 37605 Km, ndi gombe lidakali pa 1472 Km.

Azovskoe nyanja, kutentha kwa amene wadwala kusintha kwambiri nyengo umaimira thupi kochepa ka madzi. mpumulo ndi msomali kugombe otsika kunyanja. Udindo Hrs, ndithudi, akuupereka makhalidwe yake. Mwina aliyense amadziwa kuti chokhala kwambiri dziko - Nyanja ya Azov. kutentha kwake m'chilimwe +24 ... +26 ° C. M'nyengo yozizira amaundana pa lathunthu kapena mbali m'chaka ayezi ndi adatengedwa mwa chipata m'Nyanja Black.

The amenewa kwa Nyanja Azov ndi otsika zokwanira. Nthawi zambiri, katatu zosakwana amenewa yachibadwa madzi nyanja. Khalidwe limeneli ndi 1 ppm kuti Don confluence m'dera ndi kumawonjezera kuti 10,5 ppm pafupi ndi gawo lapadera. Mu Kerch Khwalala amenewa kwa Nyanja Azov kufika pazipita - 11,5 ppm.

Kodi tikudziwa bwanji anthu ake? Azov nyanja chuma kwachilengedwenso zomwe Poyamba lalikulu, tsopano kuli mitundu 103 ya nsomba. Zomera zotsalira zazomera ukufika 200 ga pa kukula lalikulu. m.

mavuto chilengedwe Nyanja Azov

Waukulu zamakono zoipa akuchita zinthu ikugwa m'mitsinje Popanda kuchitapo kanthu zimbudzi munali zinyalala. Mtsogoleri wakale wa dziko mu nsomba, nyanja atayika mu mphindi mtengo wake onse. Tsopano zili phenols kuposa MPC ndi maulendo 7, thiocyanates - 12.6.

Magwero chachikulu cha kuwonongeka m'madzi - madoko ndi makampani mafakitale Mariupol. Zitsulo Phatikizani "Azovstal" chaka limatulutsa madzi ake kiyubiki mamita oposa 800 miliyoni a madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito.

Iwo anafotokoza owonjezera MPC wa asafe, chitsulo, mkuwa, nthaka ndi mafuta malonda. polluter lina lalikulu - doko la zamalonda Mariupol. chithandizo wake mbewu osamveka kwathunthu - m'madzi zizindikiro za kuwonongeka kwa mpweya kuposa kwina kulikonse.

Kodi nkhawa zachilengedwe

Katswiri chisamaliro kukula mabuku sulfure; overloading amachitika madoko a Ukraine, komanso kuwonongeka kwa anamanga theka zapitazo, kachitidwe madzi madyedwe, kupanda ambiri m'midzi ndi midzi machitidwe chithandizo zimbudzi, chifukwa cha zimene mwachindunji mu madzi nyanja afika zauve. Malinga ndi kafukufuku, voliyumu ya zinyalala pachaka wachotsedwa m'nyanja ya Azov mpaka kiyubiki mamita 5 biliyoni.

mafuta m'madzi kuipitsa chifukwa kutumiza ndi doko ntchito watenga zoopsa.

maganizo awo mu nyanja ya Azov malo wopyola malire onse amene akanakhalapo. Mankhwala zili ukufika 40 mg / L. Chifukwa cha mafuta amatayika ndi kuzichepetsa mpweya kuwombola, zamoyo za m'madzi ndi poizoni mankhwala. Ndi imfa misa nsomba. zone madzi chitetezo limapangidwa misa zinyansi mafakitale ndi zoweta.

nsomba yoopsa

mavuto ena a zachilengedwe a Nyanja Azov imakhudzana ndi anthu ake. Pansi trawling kale mwalamulo oletsedwa, koma, koma ntchito kulikonse. Chifukwa malo pansi-okhala anawonongedwa nsomba zosiyanasiyana, nkhono kufa-fyuluta feeders - nsomba chakudya. Kotulukira murk makilomita angapo amachepetsa chilungamo cha madzi.

mbali yokhayo ya chotengera nsomba amaloledwa ntchito ndi chiletso khoka nsomba. Koma Ndipotu buku la chikopa ake. Amagwiritsidwanso m'malo maukonde trawls, chifukwa mu anawonongedwa osati kokha nsomba, komanso malo a spawning ake ndi kudya. Poaching zinachititsa kuti kuchepa mu nthawi 5 kupanga zisakuyenda bwino.

mphindi zina

Kodi wina kazivutitsa ecologists? A mafunso ambiri komanso mndandanda wa iwo ali kutali ndi kutopa. Ichi ndi madamu pa Don ndi Kuban (mitsinje yaikulu ya Nyanja Azov), pang'onopang'ono inasanduka akhala akutayirapo dothi chiphona. Ndipo clogging mankhwala ozungulira nthaka chifukwa cha kubwera kwa ulimi yothiriridwa kuchokera kufesa mpunga. Ndi kusalankhula kumaliseche mankhwala.

Komanso, kungasokoneze vuto Azov Sea ntchito yomanga kwambiri pa akonzedwa kugombe la manyumba ogona ndi pogwiritsa, yomwe ikuchitika popanda mwambo wa thanzi ndi chilengedwe mfundo iliyonse. Izi kusokonezedwa magombe zachilengedwe boma amachepetsa angathe.

Ndi vuto lalikulu - kukhuthula, mwachitsanzo zinyalala za sitima ndi ndege pa nyanja kapena chiwonongeko wopita ... Choncho pali kuipitsidwa ndi Mercury ndi m'madziwo kutsogolera amene amakhala kudziunjikira mu zigawo zake chapamwamba.

Azov Sea - Mavuto ndi Solutions

Njira yokha kuthetsa mavuto mwamsanga asayansi zachilengedwe amakhulupirira kusintha ofunika zofunika m'derali. Ziyenera kukhala kuchepetsa kupanga ndi kusintha kwa nsomba ndi zosangalatsa. Doko ndi zoyendera zomangamanga amafuna ziyang'aniridwe doko ndi kutumiza, kuchepa mu magalimoto katundu woopsawo ndi oopsa, wamakono wa zomera zimbudzi chithandizo ndiponso kumanga atsopano.

Kungathandize kuchepetsa kupanga mowa madzi, kuwonjezera chilango wosaloleka amasulidwe effluents.

Mu madera ena a m'mphepete amafuna kuunikanso mfundo za ulimi, kusiyidwa mbewu kuti mwakula ndi kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala woopsawo ndi feteleza, kubwezeretsa kwa spawning nsomba ndi kusamuka maulendo awo.

Njira zofunika kumangitsa malamulo okhudza chitetezo cha woyendera nthambi ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuwunika zonse za boma zachilengedwe chilengedwe nyanja komanso m'madzi, mosapita m'mbali amaletsa kukhuthula pa nyanja ya madzi Popanda kuchitapo kanthu zinyalala ndi madzi ngalande.

Kodi lero pali njira kukonzamo?

njira thupi ndi mankhwala

Lopangidwa kuyeretsa ntchito pamene mukufuna kuchotsa zolimba insoluble. Izi zachitika mwa yofinyira, kusefera, sedimentation ndi kuchotsa particles slurry ndi sapota centrifugal mphamvu.

njira mankhwala ntchito kuthetsa zinthu madzi sungunuka. Reagents ntchito Mwaichi, kuchepetsa kawopsedwe kapena solubility wa Mankhwala oipitsa. Chemical Njira: The makutidwe ndi okosijeni ndi kuchepetsa, neutralization, kuchotsa ayoni zitsulo.

njira Physico-mankhwala, njira mwachitsanzo. E. Pamodzi n'zotheka kuchotsa zinyalala mu mawonekedwe a emulsions ndipo suspensions, zinthu kusungunuka m'madzi (onse organic ndi zochita kupanga). Mayina a njira zazikulu: coagulation, ion kuwombola, deodorization, kumamatira, degassing, flotation, ultrafiltration, ndi ena.

The njira matenthedwe ntchito pamene chofunika kuchotsa zinthu madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito organic ndi mchere mchere. Izi zimachitika ndi akupanga ndi effluent ndi kusakonda iwo kuchokera sludge makutidwe ndi okosijeni zinthu organic mwa catalysts pressurized ndi neutralization moto.

njira amuzolengedwa ndi njira

njira zimenezi kulibe kukonza madzi zinthu zambiri m'menemo kusungunuka organic mwina zochita kupanga. Zimenezi inamangidwa pa luso la ena zomera ndi tizilombo kugwiritsa ntchito zinthu zoipa monga chakudya.

Chotero kuyeretsedwa ndondomeko ali mbali ziwiri, mlingo otaya zosiyana:

1. kumamatira zosafunika kusungunuka ndi tizilombo chabwino.

2. chiwonongeko cha zinthu zoipa intracellularly ndi ndondomeko mankhwala.

Pakuti zinthu pafupifupi sanali oxidizing zochita kupanga anapereka ndende pazipita.

Kodi ndi mmene mankhwala kwachilengedwenso zikuchitika?

Njira imeneyi imagwira n'zotheka zinthu yokumba ndi masoka. Dama munda ulimi wothirira mchere zamoyo kusefera, ndi zina zotero D..

ulimi wothirira munda - nsanja wapadera, kaphatikizidwe kulima mbewu zothandiza mankhwala madzi ogwiritsidwa ntchito. Ngati palibe wakula, ndi munda wa kusefera. njira nthaka wotchuka kwambiri ngati njira osagwirizana kupanga intensification.

amatunga Tizilombo yothandizana zovuta maofesi a chithandizo. Izi osaya matupi madzi, wosweka m'zigawo. Iwo amagwira ntchito kokha m'chilimwe.

Poti - pofuna kupewa ndi ngoziyo zachilengedwe, amafuna bwino mfundo boma kuteteza topezeka m'madzi. Ngati mulibe kuyamba tsopano kupulumutsa Nyanja ya Azov, vuto angakhale sizingasinthe.