Avar mtundu: mbiri, chiyambi, miyambo

Nthawi zina timve za dziko lino monga Avar ndi. Kodi mtundu wa anthu - ndi Avars?

Ndi anthu zakwawoko wa Caucasus moyo kum'mawa Georgia. Pakali pano, fuko lino wakula kwambiri kuti anthu akuluakulu a Dagestan.

magwero

Magwero a Avars Zatsala yosokoneza kwambiri. Malinga ndi mbiri Chijojiya, zimayambira chikhalidwe chawo kwa Hozoniha, mbadwa ya kholo la anthu a Dagestan. Dzinali mu zapitazi, ankatchedwa Avar Khanate - Khunzakh.

Anthu ena amakhulupirira kuti mu choona Avars anabwera ku Nyanja Caspian, miyendo ndi Gölova, koma zili ndi umboni uliwonse, kuphatikizapo mtundu lokha analibe amaona kuti aliyense wa mafuko awa. maphunziro ndi yofuna kupeza kugwirizana pakati pa Avars ndi Avars amene anayambitsa Kanagat Komabe, pamene chiwembu musati kubweretsa zotsatira yoyenera. Koma ayamikike kusanthula majini (yekha mzere kholo) tikhoza kunena kuti dziko lino (Avar) wapafupi kwa Asilavo kuposa anthu ena Georgia.

Mabaibulo ena a magwero a Avars komanso alibe kulongosolerana, koma kusokoneza chifukwa kuli mafuko awiri osiyana, ndi pafupifupi dzina chomwecho. Njira yokhayo izi akutchulidwa ndi mbiri yakale pa chirichonse, za n'kutheka kuti dzina la fuko lino anapereka Kumyks, zomwe zachititsa ambiri nkhawa. Mawu "ngozi" mu Turkic amatanthauza "modetsa nkhawa" kapena "zigawenga" mu miyambo ina kuti dzina anali nthano zolengedwa, mphatso ndi mphamvu yoposa.

Amene dziko - Avar, kawirikawiri okha kuti iwo ndikuutenga yoyenera: maarulaly, mapiri ndipo ngakhale "wamkulu".

Mbiri ya anthu

dziko kulamulidwa ndi Avars mu nthawi kuchokera V zaka mazana VI. BC. e., wotchedwa Sarir. Ufumu umenewu anakafika kumpoto ndi m'mphepete pa m'midzi Alans ndi Khazars. Ngakhale zinthu zonse, kusewera mokomera Sarir, akuluakulu boma zinali kokha X atumwi.

Ngakhale kuti oyambirira Middle Ages, anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha dziko anali pa mlingo wapamwamba kwambiri, pali asangalala zosiyanasiyana zamanja ndi ulimi nyama. Sarir likulu unali mzinda Humradzh. Makamaka kusiyana pakati pa ulamuliro wopambana wa Mfumu otchedwa ngozi. Mbiri ya Avars anatchula monga wolamulira wolimba kwambiri, ndipo asayansi ena amakhulupirira kuti dzina amachokera anthu mu dzina lake.

Patapita zaka mazana aŵiri pa malo Sarir Avar Khanate anatuluka - mmodzi wa midzi kwambiri, m'mayiko ena anali allocated palokha "ufulu m'dera". oimira lotsiriza la ferocity osiyana ndi amphamvu kumenyana mzimu.

Nthawi ya Khanate inali nthawi yovuta: mowirikiza chinapokosera nkhondo, mavuto amene anali kugwa ndi stagnation. Komabe, vuto la Dagestan anthu ogwirizana ndi cohesion ake anakula yekha wamphamvu. Chitsanzo cha ichi chinali nkhondo Andalalskoe sasiya, masana kapena usiku. Komabe, ng'ombezi akwaniritsa bwino mwa chidziwitso cha mtunda ndi zidule zosiyanasiyana. Anthu awa anali cohesive kuti ngakhale akazi, lotengeka ndi kufuna kusungabe kwawo nawo maudani. Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti dziko lino (Avar) kwenikweni dzina lamanja, ndi choyenera anthu pankhondo ya Khanate.

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, ambiri Khanate wa Caucasus ndi Dagestan anagwirizana Russia. Amene sanafune moyo m'goli mphamvu lachifumu, bungwe kupanduka ndi unakula Caucasus nkhondo, umene unatha bola zaka 30. Ngakhale kusiyana konse mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za zana lotsatira Dagestan anakhala gawo la Russia.

chilankhulo

chilankhulo Omwe ndi script Avars apanga nthawi ya Caucasus Albania. Popeza ichi ankaona fuko lamphamvu kwambiri mu mapiri, m'chinenero chake kufalitsa mwamsanga pa mayiko apafupi, kukhala lalikulu. Lero ndi chinenero cha 700 zikwi. Anthu.

zinkalankhulidwa Avar ndi osiyana kwambiri ndi magulu kumpoto ndi kum'mwera, kotero kuchigwiritsa kulankhula zinenero zina zambiri zosiyana nkomwe pomvetsetsana. Komabe, kulankhula northerners pafupi ndi wakudziko zolembalemba, ndi kumvetsa mfundo zazikulu za kukambirana mosavuta.

kulemba

Ngakhale malowedwe oyambirira kulemba Arabic, okhala ngozi anayamba ntchito yokha zaka zingapo zapitazo. Lisanaperekedwe, ntchito zinali zochokera Chisililiki zilembo, koma kumayambiriro kwa zaka za m'ma XIX. anaganiza m'malo ndi zilembo Latin.

Lero, machitidwe boma kulemba, zimaonetsa wofanana ndi zilembo Russian, koma ili ndi zilembo 46 m'malo mwa 33.

miyambo Avars

Chikhalidwe cha anthu ndi achindunji kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pamene mgwirizano pakati pa anthu ayenera kulemekeza mtunda: amuna choletsedwa kuti tidze chifupi ndi akazi kuposa mamita awiri, pamene yotsirizira ayenera kusunga mtunda theka. Ulamuliro N'chimodzimodzinso achinyamata kulankhula ndi okalamba.

Avars, ngati anthu ena a Dagestan, dera kuyambira ali kuphunzitsa kulemekeza akulu osati ndi zaka komanso ndi chuma chawo. Aliyense wa "Home", nthawizonse zimayenda kumanja, ndipo mwamuna wake - kutsogolo kwa mkazi wake.

Customs Avar alendo kumenya zolembedwa zonse amakondwera nawo. Malinga ndi mwambo, vizitor nsanja pa khamu, mosasamala kanthu za udindo wake ndi zaka ndipo akhoza kubwera pa nthawi iliyonse, popanda kudziwitsa izo zisanachitike. The mwini nyumba udindo zonse za thanzi ndi chitetezo cha akufika. Koma mlendo ayenera kutsatira malamulo amakhalidwe abwino oletsa kuchita angapo zochita sanatengedwe mu m'deralo.

Mu banja la mphamvu atsogoleri a nyumba sanakhalepo wopondereza akazi unachita kutsogolera poyankha nkhani ambiri, koma pa nthawi yomweyo panali anzawo amakakamizidwa pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Mwachitsanzo, malinga ndi malamulo, iwo alibe kukagona pabedi limodzi kapena kugawana chipinda ngati nyumba zipinda angapo.

Komanso, panali kuletsa mgwirizano pakati pa atsikana ndi anyamata, kotero Avar (zomwe mtunduwo, takambiranawa) anapita wokondedwa nyumba kuchoka mu chinthu chinachake, amaonedwa kuti akafunsiridwa ukwati.

mtundu Avar

Choncho, tingathe kunena kuti Avars - chidwi kwambiri mtundu ndi mbiri wolemera wakale ndi miyambo chidwi, si bwino anafotokoza m'nkhani ino. Izi kwambiri womva za anthu amene sakudziwa Izitu n'zovutitsa, koma mwachikondi farce. Iwo ali achisoni kwambiri, chotero tionane Sikuti kutapa pa Avar yekha, kutsuka maganizo ake wakutemwa kapena kunena ndi kufooka kwa thupi.