Asidi Silicic ndi tanthauzo lake

Silicic asidi theoretically ndi pawiri la okusayidi pakachitsulo ndi madzi. M'menemo chiŵerengero zigawo zake zingakhale zosiyanasiyana ndithu. Choncho, ambiri zikuchokera yake ankaimira mfundo. Mu mulandu silicic asidi ndi pamaso pa milingo yosiyanasiyana ya okusayidi pakachitsulo ndi madzi, ndiye ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana magawo N ndi m, n'zosavuta kusamukira ku mkhalidwe wina ndi mzake. Choncho, N ndi mamita mu nkhani iyi ikhoza kuonedwa ngati zosintha.

Chiphunzitso, asidi silicic angathe kukonzekera mwa kuchita ndi silicate wa zitsulo soda (mwachitsanzo ndi sodium) ndi "amphamvu" zidulo (mwachitsanzo, acid amathiridwa). Mu njira iyi, m'chigawo ufulu akhala olekanitsidwa (kukonzekera), ena zidulo awa: metasilicic, orthosilicic ndi ena. Mwachitsanzo, mankhwala anachita kubala asidi metasilicic:

+ 2HCl = + 2NaCl

Komabe, kupeza silicic asidi koyera kovuta. Mu njira amadzimadzi (ndipo iwo analandira supersaturated) silicic asidi mu ndondomeko polymerization ikutha maziko mapangidwe njira colloidal ndi m'malo kochepa aliko. Kupititsa patsogolo njira awa a gel osakaniza popangidwa ndi coagulation. Pagona ntchito asidi silicic, popeza chatsanulidwa gel osakaniza kupereka otchedwa silika, amene ntchito ngati desiccant ndi absorbent. Komanso, pogwiritsa ntchito stabilizers wapadera, anakonza kuchokera njira colloidal colloids khola (kapena sols) amenenso kupeza ntchito mu kupanga.

asidi Silicic ndi bwino sungunuka, thermally wosakhazikika ndi ofooka. Pamene mkangano, kuwonongeka kwa asidi silicic amene anasonyeza zotsatirazi mankhwala anachita:

=

Ndi asidi ofooka kuposa khala chomwecho. Pamaziko a asidi izi silicic mu njira amadzimadzi ndi amene anathawira asidi carbonic ku salt zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, izo Tingaone mu zimene:

= +

Silicic asidi salt amatchedwa silicates. Ali ndi kugawa lonse mu chirengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu kutumphuka dziko lapansi makamaka tichipeza silicas ndi silicates. Zikuphatikizapo feldspar, clays zosiyanasiyana, Mica, talc, ndi ena ambiri. Silicates aphatikizidwa zikuchokera miyala - lubwe, basalt, ndi ena. timibulu silicate wotere ngale odziwika bwino, amene, chifukwa cha m'chipani chawo ndi kukongola imatengedwa wapatali ngati emeralds, topazi ndi aquamarine.

Ambiri mwa silicates insoluble m'madzi. The kuchotserapo yekha ali ndi sodium silicates ndi potaziyamu. Iwo akhoza akamagwira alloying ndi hydroxide chogwirizana kapena carbonate. Mwachitsanzo,

+ + =

njira amadzimadzi kuphatikizapo analandira mwa njira imeneyi amadziwika ngati "waterglass". Iwo umupeza ntchito lonse monga binder kupanga asidi zosagwira simenti, ndi kuwonjezera, ntchito kupanga zonse zodziwika putty ndi pepala ulimbo. Ngati lawi wamtundu uliwonse ndi madzi impregnating iwo mankhwala komanso kukonzedwa anapanga nsalu nkhuni ndi pepala.

Silicates, monga gawo limene pali zotayidwa, analandira anangotchula aluminosilicate. Zikuphatikizapo Mica ndi feldspar, ngakhale dongosolo awo ndi zovuta. Choncho, feldspar, kupatula okusayidi pakachitsulo ndipo okusayidi zotayidwa mulinso oxides wa sodium, potassium ndi sodium wochuluka. Mu zikuchokera Mica, kuwonjezera zotayidwa ndi pakachitsulo, ali wa hydrogen, sodium kapena potaziyamu, koma mwina, ngakhale zochepa wamba, komanso kashiamu, magnesium kapena chitsulo.

Ambiri, ntchito silicates mu mavuto amenewa amakhudza kwambiri ndi osiyanasiyana. Mountain silicate miyala ntchito monga zipangizo zomangira nyumba. Silicates ntchito monga chuma yaiwisi opangira simenti, fillers zosiyanasiyana, ziwiya zadothi, galasi, ndi zina zotero. Mica ndi asibesitosi ntchito yopanga zipangizo zosiyanasiyana matenthedwe ndi magetsi zokutira zitsulo.