Ankadikira "Petropavlovsk" mbiri, malongosoledwe a pomanga, makhalidwe. Imfa ya nkhondo ya "Petropavlovsk"

"Petropavlovsk" - nkhondo, kamodzi m'manja mwa Russian Imperial apanyanja. Iye anali mtsogoleri wa 1 Pacific Squadron, amene adatenga mbali mu Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Kumapeto kwa March 1904 chombo Amira pafupi Port Arthur, analowa pa wanga mdani. Imfa yake inali imodzi mwa masamba kwambiri movutika mu mbiri ya zombo Russian.

chombo Yomanga

The chiyembekezo cha zombo Russian Baltic pa pulogalamu chitukuko inapita mu 1890 wakhala kukula kochuruka kwa bulu German. Mu zaka zisanu wotsatira izo akufuna kumanga ofunkha 50, Nkhondo 10, komanso cruisers angapo ndipo gunboats. Anaganiza dzina nkhondo yonse nkhondo asilikali ndi Russian zombo mu XVIII ndi XIX zaka. Makamaka, dzina la "Petropavlovsk" chifukwa cha kupambana kwa asilikali Russian kuteteza doko la Petropavlovsk ku Kamchatka.

Ankadikira "Petropavlovsk" anayamba kumanga March 19, 1892, ndi kuika ake boma zinachitika pa May 7 St. Petersburg. Iwo anali nawo Mfumu Alexander III. Pambuyo zaka ziwiri ndi theka, ndicho 28 October 1894, izo adatchithisira m'madzi. mayesero armadillo zinachitika kuyambira mochedwa 1897 ndi kumayambiriro 1899. Pamene chombo okonzeka ndi manja kofunika, iye anapitiriza ulendo wake woyamba ku Far East, kumene wakula seaworthiness zake zabwino. Ambiri, armadillo "Petropavlovsk" pa nthawi imeneyo ankaonedwa warship komanso zida zamphamvu ndi m'malo okwezeka liwiro 16,86 mfundo.

Ankadikira "Petropavlovsk": malongosoledwe a kamangidwe

chombo ichi, komanso armadillos zina mtundu "Poltava", anali ndi chochititsa thupi mawonekedwe: bolodi aikidwa pamwamba sitimayo zazikulu, monga mmene anali mbwee mkati. Mbali imeneyi ndi makamaka lililonse la ngalawa French. Iwo walola kwambiri ndisataye wa alumikizana pamwamba pa madzi. M'litali waterline anali 112,5 m, m'lifupi - 21,3 m, ndi chitayiko othodwa - 8,6 m.

sitimayo anali anamaliza chakudya ndi adzikometsa atatu: chapamwamba lenileni, kapena batire, ndi pansi. The nyumba ali ndi tsinde molunjika ndi nkhosa yamphongo, anatuluka ndi 2 m. Iwo anali kulimbikitsa shpironom kunja ndi mkati sitimayo oti muli nazo zida. sitimayo anali masts atatu: grot- ndi foremast, komanso mpweya, inali pakati pa chimneys awiri. Otsiriza a iwo anali m'munsi ndi mbali yaikulu ya sitimayo ili (onani. Photo la nkhondo la "Petropavlovsk").

kusungitsa

Pa nkhani imeneyi, sitima sasiyana ku zombo zina za m'kalasi lomwelo. Iye anali waukulu zida lamba kutalika 2,29 mamita ndi kutalika mamita 73,15, yomwe inali waterline, amene ankateteza boilers, makina ndi turrets pansi. Iyo inali pafupi 65% ya okwana kutalika thupi. makulidwe a zida mu madera osiyana a sitima zimasiyana. Choncho, likulu la chombo zimatetezedwa ndi zida kwa 406 mm, ndi moto nsanja yaikulu zida ndi zipangizo 305 mm.

Pamwamba waukulu zida lamba anali wapamwamba, amene anafika ndi likungosonyeza nsanja zazikulu. unali wochindikala 127 mm, kutalika - 2,29 m, ndi kutalika -. pafupifupi 50 mamita Komanso, nsanja ndi moto barbettes waukulu komanso akulimbikirabe zida 254 mm makulidwe, ndipo pafupifupi - 127 mm mbale. Koma anayi mfuti 152 mm ndipo analibe chitetezo chilichonse, kuwonjezera pa muyezo mbali plating.

zida zankhondo

Armadillo likungosonyeza mfuti waukulu ankaimira mfuti zinayi inali awiriawiri kutsogolo ndi tiweramitse nsanja. kasinthasintha awo ndi ofukula njira malangizo anachita ndi hayidiroliki, ndi zipolopolo chakudya - kudzera mwa actuators magetsi. Sing'anga-likungosonyeza mfuti inkakhala mfuti khumi Kane, eyiti amene anali mu turrets awiri mfuti, ndipo wotsalawo adachititsidwa aikidwa pakati pawo.

Anga zida zankhondo anayimiridwa mwa 38 mifuti Hotchkiss ndipo anabalalika m'dziko lonse la sitimayo. Zida kumenya Baranowski mfuti ziwiri. Zoopseza, iwo akhoza kuikidwa onse pa gudumu ndi ndime buku apuma pa ngolo.

Chirasha Japanese nkhondo

Usiku, January 27, 1904 ndi nkhondo "Petropavlovsk" ndi zina zombo amapanga Pacific Squadron, anali kunkhondo pafupi Port Arthur. Mwadzidzidzi zombo Russian ikanagwidwa ofunkha Japanese, amene anachotsedwa pa iye 16 torpedoes. Mwamwayi, pa squadron anali osakonzekera kuchita izi kuti zimene sizinali angathe amawateteza mdani.

Mu chisokonezo imeneyi, kwagona kuti asilikali Kuthetheka sanakhulupirire kuti nkhondo ndi Japanese, ndipo pafupifupi ola analamula kusamutsa chizindikiro kwa flagship "Petropavlovsk" ndi lamulo osati kutsegula moto. Ndipo pa nthawi iyi mdani oponya anagogoda kunja Russian cruiser "Pallada" ndi armadillos "Retvizan" ndi "Korona Prince".

Ndi mmawa, Japanese waukulu mphamvu ongokhala cruisers naini, ndipo Nkhondo sikisi, m'gulu zombo ndi asilikali H. Togo, anatuluka pafupi Port Arthur. Iwo anayamba mdani ndi squadron Russian, yomwe inatenga mphindi zosaposa 40. Kenako, Japanese anabwerera. nkhondoyi wosatenga zotsatira kwambiri za aliyense wa zipani chikumenyana, ngakhale zombo zingapo ndi kuonongeka. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali ndi nkhondo "Petropavlovsk". Izo zikugwera ndi zipolopolo pang'ono, koma iwo sanali kuwononga kwambiri, sizinathandize bwanji kuphana imapanga sitimayo.

Mkulu watsopano squadron ndi,

Mu masiku oyambirira a nkhondo chifukwa cha utsogoleri wosadziŵa wa asilikali Kuthetheka Russian zombo anataya angapo zombo zawo. Pambuyo yosiya wake anaikidwa squadron mkulu wotsatila asilikali S. O. Makarova, amene anafika ku Port Arthur pa mapeto a February 1904 adamuukitsa mbendera pa cruiser woyamba "Askold", ndipo anasamutsira kwa nkhondo "Petropavlovsk".

Pa mwezi wamawa sitima molamulidwa ndi S. O. Makarova kangapo anapita ku nyanja kuti achite wa Papayu olowa. Mu limodzi la masiku awa pakati Japanese ndi Russian squadron skirmish zinachitika maola awiri Komabe, chifukwa mtunda waukulu kwambiri projectiles siinafike kuti chandamale ndi n'kugwera m'madzi. kamodzi kokha ananyoza kuchokera m`chombo "Kupambana" pa bolodi amene anali losatha mfuti, anakwanitsa kuwononga mdani ankadikira "Fuji".

dongosolo kuchenjerera

Japanese asilikali H. Togo anayamba dongosolo kuti ndigwire Russian zombo ku gombe la Port Arthur mwa moto zombo. Akamanena za cholinga chake chinali mwakachetechete kukhazikitsa minefield kenako achite molunjika Russian squadron, nyambo anali kukhala unit, wopangidwa mwa cruisers angapo.

Dongosolo ili zinachitikadi usiku pa March 31. zombo Russian mabanga kumuwombera Japanese, koma sankafuna kumenyana naye. Anapita nawo kwa ofunkha awo watuma S. O. Makarovym pa kulondera usiku Elliot Island m'deralo. Atangoyamba zombo ziwiri mu nyanja - "Last" ndi "Olimba Mtima" - mwanjira anathawa unit chachikulu, ndiyeno unagawanika, ndipo onse anayamba kuchita zinthu paokha. Atafika zilumba anakhumba osati kupeza mdani pa mfundo iyi, ofunkha asanu Russian anabwerera ku Port Arthur. Pambuyo pawo "zoopsa" mu mdima, anatenga detachment Japanese ake ndipo anabwera n'kumakhala naye. Koma pofika m'mawa, ndi wowonongayo Russian anatulukira ndi mdani, iye anali pomwepo chiwembu. Pa nkhondo mwachidule, iye anagundidwa ndi kumizidwa. Kuthandiza iye anatumiza cruiser "Bayan", amene anatha kupulumutsa oyendetsa ochepa.

Imfa ya nkhondo ya "Petropavlovsk"

Sitidikira squadron lonse ndipo analamula trawl anaukira S. O. Makarov pa nkhondo limodzi ndi "Poltava" ndi cruisers ena anayi m'mawa anapita ku malo a madzi anasefukira "KWAMBIRI" wowonongayo. nthawi ino anatha popanda vuto lililonse kwa circumvent mdani minefield. Panthawi imeneyi m'chizimezime anaonekera ochepa cruisers Japanese, lomwe za "Petropavlovsk" anatsegula moto. mdani anayamba abwerere kum'mawa, koma posakhalitsa kum'thandiza anabwera mphamvu yake yaikulu. Ataona zimenezi, zombo Russian anatembenukira kwa Port Arthur. Awiri a nkhondo analoŵa pa njira iwo - "Peresvet" ndi "Kupambana". Pambuyo pake, S. O. Makarov anaganiza kachiwiri kusuntha kuyandikira kwa mdani kupita molunjika ku bomba malo Japanese.

9 hr. 43 min. March 31, 1904 kumayambiriro kwa ngalawayo "Petropavlovsk" ndi kuphulika ake starboard. Iye anavulala mphuno yake nsanja ya moto waukulu, kotero kuti kuphulitsa zida. Kuphulika chinali mphamvu kuti anaponyedwa m'nyanja mphuno 305 mm turret, shrouds ndi chimneys. Komanso, panali kugwa foremast, amene anawononga galimotoyo ndi milatho mkulu. Ankadikira pang'onopang'ono submerge uta wake, ndipo posakhalitsa bingu, ndipo omaliza adzakhala wamphamvu kuphulika - ndi litaphulitsidwa boilers. Pambuyo kuti chombo kuthyoka ndi n'kukakhala pansi madzi.

zotsatira

Maboti amene adatumizidwa kupulumutsa opulumuka, angathe kukatenga anthu okha pafupifupi 80. Ena mwa iwo anali mkulu NM Yakovlev ndi msuweni Nicholas II, Grand Duke Kirill Vladimirovich. Koma S. O. Makarov khumi ndi alonda khumi-ang'ono sitima anaphedwa. Kuphulika ankanena miyoyo ya oyendetsa oposa mazana asanu. Komanso, anapezeka kuti pa bolodi chombo panthawiyo anali ndi vv Vereshchagin - kudziwika wojambula, amene anafa pa nkhondo "Petropavlovsk" ndi ena ogwira ntchito. Ntchito yake inali kupanga zina zachidule nthawi imene zomwe zingakhale zothandiza kulemba zithunzi m'tsogolo.

Kuphulika kwa nkhondo "Petropavlovsk" anali ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri amene anakhudza ntchito nkhondowo mu Pacific Squadron. Osati kokha kuti bulu mmodzi wa Nkhondo yabwino, kotero anataya, ndi kulinganiza luso ndi mutu wa chitetezo wa Port Arthur - asilikali S. O. Makarova, amene anakonda kwambiri ndi kulemekezedwa ndi atumiki ake. Iye anali atasiya kupeza m'malo ofanana mpaka mapeto a Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Izo zinachitika kuti umboni kuti imfa ya nkhondo anali katswiri ndi zatsopano MP zolengeza. Zimenezi ndiponso anamupatsa lingaliro kuti kudzetsa kugawinikana ngati ngalawa, monga zigawo wanga m'madzi.

chikumbukiro

Kumapeto kwa June 1913 pamaso pa Mfumu Nicholas II mu Kronstadt anakhazikitsira chipilala kuti S. O. Makarovu. Mlembi cha polojekitiyi ndi ziboliboli L. V. Shervud, amene akuonetsedwa pa pedestal cha imfa ya nkhondo "Petropavlovsk". Pa tsiku 100th wa tsoka ku St. Petersburg unakhazikitsidwa zolengeza, amene akuonetsedwa mayina a anthu onse 635 a oyendetsa chombo ichi. Komanso, mu kulankhulana yopemphereramo. Nikolaya Chudotvortsa pa Mpulumutsi nyanja kachisi pa Madzi ali mwambo mkuwa mbale. Ndipo ofuna zombo, ndi mwayi wokhala ndi manja kupanga nkhondo "Petropavlovsk" imene chitsanzo mosavuta pa chuma apadera.

kusaka

Chakumapeto 2011, limodzi Chirasha Chinese kufufuza ulendo, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kukhazikitsa malo enieni a wotchuka chombo cha imfa unakhazikitsidwa. Kufunafuna ndi nkhondo "Petropavlovsk" unachitikira ku China m'dera la Lushun (poyamba Port Arthur). Mamembala a maulendowa mu Nyanja Yellow anatulukira ndi khamu zitsulo ndi kutalika ndi m'lifupi 90 mpaka 13 m. Gululi amakonda kukhulupirira kuti ndi ngozi pa nkhondo "Petropavlovsk" Chirasha Japanese nkhondo. Pansi pa ena a zinthu anapezeka kuti anatha kuchitira umboni kungolota lino, koma mpaka iwo alibe anabweretsa pamwamba.