Ali Chitata Khwalala, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani wotchedwa?

Mu masiku akale panali kutali ndi osadziwika dziko - Tartary. Tinkakhala kumeneko mafuko wosadziwika, Tartars onyamula kuopseza Chikhristu (m'lingaliro European) komanso kutsogolera kunayambira ku Tartar kwambiri - ufumu wa mantha, zigawo kuya kwa Gahena. Popeza pafupifupi chiyambi cha m'ma 19 Ulaya anazindikira anthu onse m'deralo pakati pa Nyanja ya Caspian, China ndi Pacific Ocean.

History dzina la

Chifukwa Chitata Khwalala lotchedwa Chitata? Ndipotu, kuyambira Sakhalin, Japan ndi Okhotsk nyanja, izo zikugwirizana kumalo kumene amakhala Chitata, makilomita zikwi zingapo ... Mfundo yakuti Tartars azungu kuphunzira m'masiku a Genghis Khan. Alibe kulongosola chinenero cha Turkic ndi anthu Mongolian, azungu onse anawaitana Chitata. M'kupita kwa nthawi, mawu akuti "Chitata" anali lidzasinthidwa "Tartar". The yofunika anachita zodabwitsazi kusintha, amene atchedwa kuipitsidwa zilankhulo: phokoso la mawu kwambiri ngati "Tartar" - dera kuya kwa gehena.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, anthu okhala mu gawo lakutali wosadziwika, anayamba kuperekedwa kwa mbali zonse khalidwe la anthu akumoto. Mawu "Chitata" ndi "Tartar" ndi losokonezeka, kuti khwalala kulumikiza tartar ndi zina gawo anadziwika monga tartar. Komabe, n'zosadabwitsa kuti Chitata Khwalala anali kugwirizana kwa ambiri ndi chinachake choipa, pafupifupi otherworldly. Ngakhale mbali yake kum'mwera kwa masiku 40-80 chaka khwalala ali ndi ayezi. Kumpoto kwa "ayezi" nthawi ukhoza mpaka masiku 170. zinthu Ice mu Chitata Khwalala kotero kobvuta phunziro kuti akatswiri olemba mapu akhala akulimbana za, Bay kapena chipata chiri chinthu linalake.

Features ndi malo Hrs

La Perouse mu 1787, Kruzenshtern mu 1805, Broughton mu 1796 anali gawo la Chitata Khwalala, koma kuopa sandbars ambiri poyera pa mafunde otsika, sanathe kupatsira mapeto. Iwo ankakhulupirira kuti Sakhalin ndi chilumba, ndi malo ano, motero, Bay. Mu 1846, apaulendo Gavrilov anatsimikizira Baibulo, anapeza kuti ngakhale Khwalala kapena Sakhalin, Amur kapena Russia alibe kuti phindu. Iye sanali kudziwa chimene ngakhale zaka pang'ono yoyeza wake Japanese anatenga yopuma kuchokera pachiyambi mpaka kumapeto, kukhulupirira kuti Sakhalin - chilumba, anati Chitata Khwalala pa mapu. Komabe, kupatulapo Japanese, mpaka 1849, nkhani imeneyi sankadziwika kuti aliyense. Nevel yekha anatha kutsimikizira kuti chiphaso khwalala la ngalawa. Koma izi zinachitika yekha mu 1849. Strait a masiku ano? Amalekanitsa Asia kuchokera Sakhalin Island. dongosolo A wopangidwa wa Chitata Khwalala, ndi estuary wa Amur ndi Sakhalin Bay, kulumikiza nyanja ya Okhotsk ndi nyanja ya Japan. Tartar Khwalala mapu ikusonyeza mmene m'lifupi zimasiyanasiyana pa malo osiyana. Pa narrowest khwalala Nevelsky ndi makilomita osakwana 8 North ndi 40 kukafika ndi kugombe la kum'mwera ndi anapatukana ndi 324 Km.

Chozizwitsa cha chikhalidwe - ndi Chitata Khwalala

Ndinadabwa osati takambiranazi gombe la Bay, koma ndi kuya yaikulu. Mmodzi wa ambiri malo ake "osaya" inali pakati pa Imperial Harbor ndi De-Kastri. Apa zikusonyeza akuya mamita 32-37, ndipo ndi awiri monga mtunda pa nyanza. Padziko Sakhalin gombe, pafupi ndi cisumbu Monneron, pafupi Cape Lesseps mozama pa ranges onse kuchokera mamita 50 mpaka 100. Koma pakati Cape Lazarev nafa, kumene mphekesera kuti pali malemba mobisa a pachilumbachi ku Chile, kuya mamita 10 okha. Pafupifupi anthu onse a mumzindawo, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwa njirayi ndi ofanana malo ya Far North. Mkulu chinyezi, kutentha otsika kwambiri kusokoneza miyoyo ya anthu, koma sikungawononge moyo wa zolengedwa za m'nyanja. Mu madzi a Khwalala nsomba mwachizolowezi ndi mfumu nsomba, sockeye nsomba ndi nsomba. Kodi sizodabwitsa kuti anthu a gombe nthawi ziwiri mita nsombazi kugwidwa. Kalekale chinsinsi, monga nsomba, sangakhoze kulekerera kuzizira, atagwidwa mu ukonde wa asodzi. Masiku ano, akuwachititsa chidwi kwambiri ndi kuyenda kwa mdani wa. "Kusokera" - kotero mwanthabwala ndi kwambiri am'deralo kuitana nsombazo kugwidwa. Mu Chitata Khwalala zimadutsa hering'i, smelt, nsomba ya makerele.

Madoko a Chitata Khwalala

Today, aliyense schoolchild amadziŵa pamene Chitata Khwalala. Phunzirani ku sukulu ndipo mzindawo, yomwe ili m'mphepete mwake. pang'ono awo. Pa mtunda wa makilomita 663 (ichi ndi kutalika kwa njirayi) zili mizinda 8. Sovetskaya Gavan linadzatchedwa endpoint wa Bam, ngakhale mbiri yake kumayambira August 1953. doko ali Chitata Khwalala lero kugwirizana njanji kuchokera Komsomolsk pa-Amur Highway kuti Vanino ndi Lidoga ndi ku bwalo la ndege May-Gatka ndingafike kwa aliyense dontho lapansi. Pa mtunda wa makilomita 32 kuchokera Sovetskaya Gavan ndi chifunga doko la Vanino. Ndi doko yaikulu kwambiri ku Khabarovsk Gawo. magalimoto chotengera pano sasiya ngakhale m'nyengo yozizira: ayezi breakers zonse kuyeretsa madzi a ayezi chivundikirocho. Zipilalapo Vanino anatambasula chifukwa 3 Km ndi 22 berths ntchito usana ndi usiku.

Aleksandrovsk, Nevelsk, Kholmsk

Aleksandrovsk administratively wa dera Sakhalin, ndipo lili m'mphepete kumadzulo. Mu 75 Km kutali ndi yaing'ono ndege magawidwe. Pa midzi ina kuthetsa m'tawuni chimamanga miyala msewu. mzindawu pa zinthu nyengo zofanana Far North. Moyo apa mwaukali kwenikweni ozizira.

Nevelsk komanso wa Sakhalin Oblast. doko mu Chitata Khwalala chikudziwika ngati chigumukire m'dera Russian. Izi mwina chifukwa chakuti pali mitsinje ikuyenda atatu: Kazachka, Lovetskaya ndi Nevelskaya. Mu 2007, chivomezi pafupifupi kuwonongeratu mzindawo. Ngakhale kuti ntchito kubwezeretsa anamaliza kale, anthu pang'onopang'ono kusiya mzinda.

Kholmsk - yekha ndi doko lalikulu kwambiri mu Sakhalin malo a m'dera unfrozen madzi. Awiri malo ano, 3 pasiteshoni ya sitima, ndi zoyendera yaikulu likulu ogwirizana mu dongosolo limodzi. Kholmsk - ndi chimake cha chikhalidwe, nsomba ndi chuma. Mpaka 1946, anavala dzina Japanese Mauki (Maoka).

De-Kastri, Shahtersk, Uglegorsk

A m'mudzi kakang'ono ndi anthu a anthu osachepera 4 zikwi ndi lofunika chifukwa ambiri pogona Mwachibadwa zombo. De-Kastri chikutchedwa ndi Marquis wa La Perouse ulendo amuthandize. Kagulu koma wapatali doko asilikali wa Khabarovsk Gawo. Ili pafupi pakati pa Sakhalin Shakhtersk limanenanso za Chitata Khwalala. Iye ndi ndege yekha kuti zikugwirizana ndi m'dera Yuzhno-Sakhalinsk, ndi midzi ina ya chilumbachi. Pamatenga yekha YAK040 ndi AN-24. chuma mzinda pang'ono ndi pang'ono anayamba kuchepekela: m'migodi zingapo tsopano ntchito kokha "Udarnovskaya" mwina Solntsevsky mgodi wa malasha. Port Uglegorsk amadziwika njira zake, zomwe anthu am'deralo timawutcha "Mtsinje Tuhlyankoy". Iye chitaya zamkati mphero zinyalala mu Chitata Khwalala, ndi yeniyeni mu nyanja ya Japan. Mzindawu uli ndi LPH ndi chakudya mabizinezi. Pachaka kutentha ndi -1,7 ° C. Mpaka 1946 panali ncho malasha, koma lero kupanga ikuchitika m'malo ena.

Mwambi wa Chitata Khwalala

Ngakhale m'zaka za m'ma 19 mochedwa, lingaliro yomanga mumphangayo mobisa anali akufuna, zikubweretsa Sakhalin. lingaliro wokongola anali sanazindikire: panalibe ndalama kukhazikitsa ake. nkhani analeredwa mu 1929, koma Stalin anapanga chisankho chomaliza. Njira pansi pa Chitata Khwalala anayamba kumanga mphamvu za akaidi Gulag. Iwo anayamba pa Cape adatayika, ndipo anali kuthetsa pa kumtunda ku Cape Lazareva. Nkosafuna kunena kuti nkobvuta inali ntchito akaidi ku Far North. Koma ndi imfa ya Stalin ntchito zithe. Izi zinachitika mabiliyoni tsiku lina la ndalama, matani zipangizo yomanga anakhalabe makuponi. Tunneling alibe ngakhale wayamba. Komabe, yomanga imeneyi adakali kwambiri nthano. nditangomaliza, koma kwambiri m'magulu malinga kumanga limodzi Baibulo. Pa zina - kuti anasefukira akaidi zikwizikwi mu msewu. Imathamanga chinthu chimodzi. Masiku ano, pali njira zitatu polumikiza Sakhalin ndi kumtunda: chochuluka damu, mumphangayo ndi mlatho. masiku awo kukhazikitsa sanayambe kudziwika, koma umaposa 2015. Komabe nthawi zina zambiri pamaoneka atolankhani zoti ngati Japan adzatenge nawo mbali pomanga, adzakhululukidwa anamaliza mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka.

Kodi damu?

Asayansi amati ngati damu namyvat pa mfundo zake narrowest (kumene mphepete ali anapatukana ndi 7 kokha km), chaka mukhoza damu odalirika ndi dredge chimodzi chokha. Pa damu yomalizidwa akhoza kukhazikitsa magetsi, amene ikukoka madzi, udzabala, osati kuwononga mphamvu. Malinga okonza, ndi damu siteshoni mphamvu zidzakhudza nyengo ya Chitata Khwalala. Alauli kwambiri kufika amati ndi chipangizo ichi luso angasinthe nyengo wankhanza wa Khwalala mu ofunda ndi momasuka achisangalalo m'mphepete.