10 pang'ono odziwika mfundo za wotchuka Captain James Cook

Dzheyms Kuk anali kuyenda panyanja, amene pamoyo wake waufupi adakwanitsa kupambana chikondi cha abwenzi ndi ulemu wa mdani. Akatswiri akhadzumatirwa na wake analipo mogwira mtima ndi dzuwa. Iye anapanga maulendo awiri ozungulira dziko ankatha yothandizana mapu dziko ndi kuona zilumba kum'mwera kwa Pacific Ocean ndi Arctic ayezi. Pafupifupi zaka 150 kuchokera m`chombo wake "Chili" (zimayesetsa, kutanthauza 'kuyesetsa ") kwa nthawi yoyamba anafika pa gombe kum'mawa kwa Australia. M'munsimu muli 10 pang'ono odziwika mfundo za Captain Cook, amene pa chiyambi cha ntchito yake, walonjeza kusambira "kutali zedi."

1. Cook anapita kukatumikira ku Navy ndi mochedwa

Asanachoke yapamadzi, Cook ntchito pa famu ku Yorkshire. Pa 17 m'gulu la zombo malonda, sitima sasinthasintha abale. Anapita pa zombo zosiyanasiyana kampani kwa pafupifupi zaka 10, mwakhama kuphunzira mapu, madera, masamu ndi panyanja. Dzheyms Kuk anakana kuika mkulu wa ngalawa wamalonda ndi m'malo limodzi ndi Royal Navy yoyendetsa sitima. Cook zaka 26. Lamulo pasanapite nthawi anayamikira ndalama ndi zimene zinachitikira anthu olembedwa kumene usilikali watsopano, ndipo patapita zaka ziwiri, Cook anali mbuye, ndi Patapita zaka zingapo anapatsidwa lamulo la chombo wake.

2. Anali mapu aluso

Pa zaka zisanu ndi ziŵiri nkhondo cartographic akatswiri a James Cook anathandiza Britain kupambana Nkhondo ya Quebec. Mu 1760, sitima lake, kufufuza chilumba cha Newfoundland, yomwe ili ku gombe la Canada. Mapu analenga Cooke anali yolondola imene ankagwiritsa ntchito mpaka m'ma XX atumwi. luso Captain Cook mu navigation panyanja akhala nkhokwe zikuluzikulu za ntchito yake kafukufuku. Iye analola kuti ndichoke kuzungulira dziko ngalawa zawo mokulirapo chifukwa iye anali wokhoza, ngati palibe ena, kuyenda mu madzi achilendo.

3. The woyamba ulendo dziko la Captain Cook analidi ntchito yachinsinsi

Woyamba kafukufuku ulendo wa Captain Cook inayamba mu August 1768, boma la Britain analamula lamulo la ngalawa "Chili" omwe awerengedwa za adalira zana. Mwalamulo, ulendo anali ndi cholinga sayansi - kusunga Ndime ya Venus pa kanjira dzuwa, koma kwenikweni woyendetsa anali ndi ntchito zina - ". Great Kumwera M'dziko" kufuna Malinga ndi mfundo, misa Dziko Lapansi lili kutali kum'mwera. Cook anapita kufanana 40, koma sanapeze kufufuza m'dzikoli. Iye anayenda mozungulira New Zealand, nawatsimikizira kuti kwenikweni ndi zilumba ziwiri zimene osalumikidwa ndi mzake. Paulendo wake wachiwiri padziko lonse, Cook n'kupitiriza kufufuza kwa Africa kum'mwera. Mu 1770, anasambira amazipanga pafupi Antarctica, koma ayezi katundu amakakamizidwa kuti abwerere.

4. "Chili" pafupifupi Amira pa Great Barrier Reef

Pambuyo ulendo wake woyamba Cook anaganiza kuyenda kuchokera Australia kumpoto. Chifukwa iye anasankha madzi wosadziwika, ngalawayo molunjika ku miyala yamtengo wapatali ya Great Barrier Reef. June 11, 1770 "Yesetsani" linathyoka ndipo anayamba kudzaza ndi madzi. gulu lake, amaopa kugwa, wakhala zinthu ndi kutayikira, ngakhalenso kutaya mu nyanja ya mfuti olemera ndi mbiya. Gulu la maola oposa makumi awiri a dzenje chatsekedwa, kenako "Yesetsani" anabwereranso ku doko la Australia. Patapita miyezi 2 kukonza chombo chidafika kachiwiri wokonzeka kuyenda kuchokera gombe.

5. Dzheyms Kuk ntchito njira zatsopano kwa kupewa chiseyeye

M'zaka za m'ma XVIII, ulendo uliwonse yaitali limodzi ndi nthenda yomwe imapha - chiseyeye, koma Cook anatha kupewa chikuoneka pa zonse zitatu za maulendo ake yaitali. Captain Cook ndinayesera kugula zakudya zatsopano iliyonse amasiya. Komanso, anaona kuti zones za wolemera mu mavitamini wowawasa kabichi chakudya kumachepetsa ngozi ya matenda. Pa kukonzekera maulendo a, Cook unapatsidwa matani kabichi. Vuto zinali kokha kuti amalinyero ndi mbale imeneyi. Cook anapita mochenjera ndipo anafunsa ophika kugonjera tsiku kwa apolisiwo tebulo sauerkraut. Amalinyero anaona kuti lamulo kudya mbale, anayamba kudzifunsa kuwonjezera kwa zakudya zanu.

6. Ngakhale Britain ndi adani kulemekezedwa Captain Cook

Ngakhale kuti ulendo zinachitika mu Cook nthawi imene Britain anali pa nkhondo ndi madera osiyanasiyana, mwa iwo United States, Spain ndipo France, mbiri yake - kuyenda panyanja kwambiri ndi wofufuza - zinamupatsa kusambira m'madzi mdani mu bata. Mu July 1772, pa ulendo wake wachiwiri kuzungulira dziko, squadron Spanish mwachidule Kutsekeledwa zombo wake, koma pozindikira kuti mkulu awo anali Cook, iwo chombo.

7. Captain Cook ankafuna kumpoto ndimeyi

Mu 1776, ndili ndi zaka 47, Cook anapita exploratory ulendo wake wachitatu. nthawi iyi, cholinga chake chinali kupeza chakumadzulo fupi, zomwe zikugwirizana ndi Pacific ndi Atlantic nyanja. Skirting hafu ya padziko lonse, zombo Cook tinapita ku gombe la kumpoto kwa kumadzulo Canada ndi Alaska. Cook anafika pafupi pochitika, osati tidapita okwana 50 miles. Kusaka Komanso sizinali zotheka chifukwa ayezi mofulumira patsogolo. kwambiri zinthu, Pakati panali mafunde amphamvu ndi zambiri namkholowa lolemera, anabweretsa timu ya Cook kunyanyala. Kuona maganizo oyendetsa wake, Cook anakakamizika kupita kumbuyo.

8. mbadwa Hawaii anatenga Captain Cook mulungu

Pa ulendo wachitatu Dzheyms Kuk anakhala European woyamba popondapo phazi pa zilumba za ku Hawaii. An mwangozi zosaneneka chinali chifukwa chakuti kufika kwa sitima ya Royal yapamadzi kuti Hawaii chinachitikira pamodzi ndi chikondwerero pachaka ulemu kwa mulungu wobereketsa. Popeza kuti anthu ambiri kumeneku sindinamuwonepo anthu woyera kapena sitima yaikulu imene iwo adali kupita pamadzi, Cook ndi anzake anatengedwa milungu, amene zopita pansi ndi kutenga mphatso. Azungu mwachidwi pounced monga mphatso, ndi chakudya, pafupifupi kuwamana mbadwa ya edibles. Awo "Mulungu" moyo pa pamene wina wa a panyanjawa anamwalira ndi matenda a mtima. Chikalatacho anaona zachilendo anthu woyera ndi wosakhoza kufa. Kuyambira pamenepo, ubale Captain Cook ndi mafuko Hawaii anali usokonekere.

9. Captain Dzheyms Kuk anafa imfa yowopsya

Mu 1779, sitima Captain Cook anali kuima ndi kukonza mu Bay wa Hawaii. Pa nthawi imeneyo, m'deralo anayamba kuchitira alendo ankhanza kwambiri ku Ulaya. Pambuyo mbadwa anaba bwato kwa mmodzi wa ngalawa, woyendetsa kuugwira natsikira ku dziko ndi lamulo kuti abwerere chuma. Cook ndi gulu laling'ono la amuna onyamula zida anayesa kuti akagwire mtsogoleri, koma am'deralo akhoza kupulumutsa. Akuyesera kuyendetsa kutali anthu ochokera kapitawo ndi anthu ake m'ngalawa zombo anayamba kuwomba mfuti zimene zina akwiyitsidwa ndi mantha mbadwa. Cook adathamanga kubwerera kwa ngalawa, koma analibe nthawi kuthamanga kwa iwo. Chikalatacho miyala, ndi mmwamba ndipo anayamba kumenya zibonga katundu matabwa. Mtsogoleri, amene mkulu anali kuyesera kuti adani, atavulazidwa Cook mpeni. Pambuyo anthu kumeneko anazindikira kuti kapitawo anaphedwa, anakonza thupi kafukufuku wa maliro ulemu wonse woyenera wa mfumu.

10. NASA dzina shuttles pambuyo chombo Captain Cook

Pa moyo wake, Cook kufufuza Anakaligawa nambala zosaneneka za m'madera kuposa wina aliyense wofufuza XVIII atumwi. Robert zosaneneka chidwi oyendetsa osati NASA asayansi ndi akatswiri. Wachitatu danga yoyenda NASA unatchedwa chombo lachitatu Cook "Apeza". yoyenda womaliza dzina lake "Chili", polemekeza sitima yoyamba Captain Cook, kumene adasandutsa ulendo woyamba padziko lonse.