Zolembalemba otsutsa - ndani izi? kutsutsa Russian

Zolembalemba mlandu malo zilandiridwenso, pafupi luso (ie, zopeka) ndi sayansi (A mabuku kutsutsa). akatswiri mu izo ndi ndani? Otsutsa - awa ndi anthu amene tikugwira wounikira ndi kutanthauzira kwa ntchito pa kaonedwe ka modernity (kuphatikizapo mawonedwe mavuto ofunika moyo wauzimu ndi chikhalidwe), komanso maganizo awo amati ndi kuwulula mfundo za kulenga za magulu osiyanasiyana zolembalemba, ndi pa ndondomeko mabuku a chikoka yogwira, komanso chimakhudza mapangidwe chikumbumtima zina chikhalidwe. Iwo zochokera mbiri ndi chiphunzitso cha mabuku, aesthetics ndi nzeru.

Zolembalemba mlandu zambiri zandale ndi apakhungu, khalidwe journalistic, kotheratu ndi utolankhani. Pali ubwenzi ndi sayansi ake okhudzana: sayansi ndale, mbiri, kutsutsidwa kalembedwe zilankhulo, zolemba.

kutsutsa Russian

Wotsutsa Belinsky analemba kuti aliyense nthawi ya mabuku m'dziko lathu linali palokha chikumbumtima, chimene chimaoneka mu kutsutsako.

Ndi zovuta kuti inunso mukuvomereza zimenezi. Russian kutsutsa - monga chodabwitsa wapadera ndi chidwi, monga mabuku Russian. Tikumbukenso. olemba osiyana (wotsutsa Belinsky, mwachitsanzo) analozera nthawi zambiri kuti iye, pokhala mwa chibadwa kupanga, anachita mbali yaikulu mu moyo m'dziko lathu pagulu. Tiyeni kukumbukira olemba otchuka amene adzipereka kuphunzira upamwamba wa. Russian otsutsa - ndi Di Pisarev, N. Dob, AV Druzhinin, AA Grigoriev, VG Belinsky ndi ena ambiri, nkhani yomwe ili si kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane za ntchito, komanso mbali luso lawo, maganizo, zithunzi. Iwo adafuna kuwona chithunzi cha zofunika kwambiri mavuto luso chikhalidwe ndi makhalidwe a nthawi imeneyo, ndipo adani komanso nthawi zina kupereka njira zawo.

Mtengo zotsutsa

Zotsatira zolembedwa ndi otsutsa Russian, ndipo tsopano kukhala ndi amadza zikuluzikulu pa moyo mwamakhalidwe ndi mwauzimu anthu. Iwo sakudziwa mwangozi akhala m'gulu pulogalamu wokakamiza wa sukulu mu dziko lathu. Komabe, maphunziro a mabuku kwa zaka zingapo ophunzira yodziwa makamaka ndi nkhani yovuta lathu ndi kwakukulu. Ofufuza za zikuchikazi - Di Pisarev, N. Dob, ng Chernyshevsky, VG Belinsky ndi ena. Pankhaniyi, ntchito ya alembi amenewa nthawi zambiri amaona gwero mawu omwe mowolowa manja "chokongoletsedwa" ophunzirawo essays awo.

olakwika

Njira imeneyi kuphunzira zapamwamba anapanga mu kuzindikira luso la olakwika moti impoverish ndi zinthu zochepa chithunzithunzi chonse cha chitukuko cha mabuku Russian, ndi osiyana, poyamba pa zonse, woopsa zokongoletsa ndi maganizo mikangano.

Koma posachedwapa, chifukwa zikamera wa maphunziro ambiri a mozama, masomphenya Russian zotsutsa ndi mabuku wakhala Mipikisano faceted ndi zambiri voluminous. Zinatuluka m'nkhani NN Strakhov, AA Grigoriev, Ni Nadezhdin, IV Kireyevski, PA Vyazemsky, KN Batiushkov, NM Karamzin (onani. Nikolai Mikhailovich chithunzi, penti ndi Tropinin, pansipa) ndi olemba ena apadera a dziko lathu.

Features zotsutsa zolembalemba

Literature - luso la mawu, lomwe ndiwo ntchito yaluso ndipo polankhula kutsutsa zolembalemba. Choncho, Russian wotsutsa, ngati wina, nthawi pang'ono ndi wolemba, ndi wojambula. Nkhani zolembedwa ndi talente, muli kwenikweni wamphamvu maphatikizidwe wa mawunikidwe osiyana makhalidwe komanso cha nzeru za la wolemba ndi kuzipenya kwambiri ndi wochenjera pa ndi lemba luso. phunziro pang'ono kwambiri zothandiza imapereka Nkhani yovuta, ngati unatenga mtundu wa mbalume, zinthu zikuluzikulu. onse anauza wolemba ichi nkofunika kuti nzeru ndi maganizo relive kwa wowerenga kudziwa mlingo wa umboni wa mfundo kuika patsogolo ndi iwo, kuti aganizire mfundo za ganizo. Kutsutsa ntchito - osati chinthu wapadera.

masomphenya mwini zotsutsa

Otsutsa - awa ndi anthu amene awulule masomphenya awo wolemba, kupereka awo wapadera kutanthauzira ntchito. Nkhani zimayambitsa kukonzanso kumasulira fano luso, kapena izo zingakhoze kukhala podzudzula bukhu. Amanenera ndi maweruzo mwina mwaluso olembedwa ntchito kutumikira anapeza kwenikweni kwa wowerenga, koma chinachake zikuoneka kuti ife zofunika kukambirana kapena zolakwika. Chochititsa chidwi poyerekeza pa ntchito ya olemba osiyana, kapena ntchito mfundo ina. Zolembalemba kutsutsa nthawi zonse amatipatsa chuma chambiri kulingalira.

Kuchuluka zotsutsa Russian zolembalemba

Tikhoza Mwachitsanzo, kuyang'ana pa ntchito Pushkina Aleksandra Sergeevicha, vv maso Rozanov, AA Grigorieva, VG Belinsky ndi IV Kireyevski, kuti timudziwe bwino njira anadziwa mosiyana Gogol a m'masiku a ndakatulo wake "Akufa Miyoyo" (otsutsa VG Belinsky, SP Shevyrev, KS Aksakov), mu theka lachiwiri la ngwazi m'ma 19 akuti "Tsoka kuchokera nzeru "Griboyedov. N'zochititsa chidwi kwambiri kuyerekeza ndi maganizo a buku la "Oblomov" Goncharova ndi momwe iye anamasulira DS Merezhkovsky ndi Di Pisarev. chithunzi wotsiriza anapereka m'munsimu.

Nkhani zoyenera ntchito za Ln Tolstoy

Mwachitsanzo, chidwi kwambiri zolembalemba kutsutsa zoyenera ntchito Ln Tolstoy. Luso kusonyeza "chiyero cha makhalidwe oipa," "dialectics a moyo" ngwazi ntchito ngati khalidwe la talente Tolstoy, mmodzi wa oyamba kutsegula amalembedwa ng Chernyshevsky ku nkhani yake. Ponena za ntchito ya NN Strahov woperekedwa kwa "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere", tinganene bwino kwathunthu pali ntchito ochepa kutsutsa zoweta zolembalemba, sipangakhalenso kuika pambali pake kuzama kwa malowedwe mu cholinga wolemba, mogwirizana ndi mfundo ndi olondola chidwi.

Russian kutsutsa m'zaka za m'ma 20

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti chifukwa cha zambiri acrimonious kutsutsana ndi quests zovuta Russian kutsutsa wakhala kudzipereka kwake kwa zaka za m'ma 20 mpaka "kubwerera" kwa Pushkin Russian chikhalidwe, chifukwa kuphweka ake ndiponso mogwirizana. vv Rozanov, nalalikira kufunika izi, iye analemba kuti maganizo a Alexander kumathandiza munthu onse opusa, kukoma mtima kwake - kuchokera zonse za makhalidwe osayenera.

Cha m'ma 1920s, pali latsopano chikhalidwe kuwaza. Boma achinyamata pambuyo pa nkhondo yapachiweniweni afika, potsiriza, mwayi kwambiri kuthetsa chikhalidwe. Mu zoyambirira za m'ma 20 zolembalemba kutsutsa chimakhala chogwidwa ndi sukulu. oimira Aika - Shklovsky, Tynyanov ndi Eichenbaum. Formalists, kukana ntchito za makolo kuti achite kutsutsako - pa umoyo ndale, wamakhalidwe didactic - anaumirira lingaliro la ufulu wa mabuku pa chitukuko cha dziko. Pochita zimenezi, iwo apita ndi mosavuta pa nthawi ya mfundo Marxist. Choncho, kutsutsidwa ofunda pang'onopang'ono zinatha. Mu zaka wotsatira, ulamuliro anali zokomera Kuzindikira. Mtsutso amakhala m'manja mwa boma Chilango chida. Iye anali kuyang'aniridwa ndi anatumiza mwachindunji chipani. Mu magazini onse ndi manyuzipepala anakakhala ndi Kutsutsa ndime ya.

Today, kumene, zinthu zasintha kopambana.