Lingaliro la ukwati malamulo banja. Mitundu ya ukwati. makhalidwe malamulo a ukwati mu lamulo banja

lamulo banja zikuphatikizapo malamulo apadera a ubwenzi wa amuna ndi akazi. Makamaka tikulankhula za mgwirizano ofunda, unakhazikitsidwa kuti cholinga cha olowa m'nyumba, kubadwa ndi ana. Ndizovomereka lingaliro ukwati.

lamulo banja akamaziwononga ayenera anakumana yatsoka zilumikizano za izi. Komanso, malamulo amapereka zinthu zingapo zochititsa kuti kuwonjezela tanthauzo odziwika. Tiganizire moposera kuti ukwati miyezo ya makono.

mwachidule

Kodi lamulo amachitira mfundo ukwati? lamulo banja umatchedwa free, ofanana, mwina mgwirizano wa moyo wonse pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi. Zimachitika kugwilizana ndi zikhalidwe ndi njira mwachindunji ndi lamulo. Pa chonse cha ukwati, ndi banjali likulephera ena mwagwirizana katundu ndi ntchito yakeyake ndi ufulu. tanthauzo limeneli anali akufuna ndi wasayansi Soviet G. K. Matveevym ndipo inachokera pa mfundo yakuti monga mmodzi wa zolinga za pawiri akazi ndi amuna mu Union kuchita monga kubadwa ndi angamulerere ana awo.

chitukuko malamulo

Lingaliro la ukwati malamulo banja zinalili mu sayansi chisanadze chosintha, komanso anafotokoza ndi ponena za mgwirizano wa mkazi ndi mwamuna. Pankhaniyi, monga cholinga chachikulu anachita mchitidwe. Pa malamulo yomweyo tinaona kuti mgwirizano idawuka pangano mwagwirizana mu mawonekedwe zinalembedwa.

Lingaliro la ukwati, malamulo banja kwenikweni mu nyengo ya Soviet, anali kutanthauziridwa monga mtundu wachibadidwe latsopano la ubale pakati pa mwamuna ndi mkazi anthu zokomera isiyana alipo kunja.

miyezo yamakono

Panopa ofufuza dziwani kuti mfundo za m'banja ndi mbali akhazikitsidwa mu nyengo ya Soviet, chinazikidwa makamaka pa ndingaliro tonse anthu (chikondi). Pa nkhani imeneyi, mu mabuku a nthawi mgwirizano akazi ndi amuna amaonedwa monga kugona ndi mchitidwe limodzi mfundo za ubwenzi, mgwirizano ndi chikondi.

Mu 1995 anayambitsa ndi Article 256 la Civil Code. Kuyambira pamenepa mwambo wa ukwati zafika pamlingo atsopano chitukuko. Zolimbikitsa chapadera cha yodalirika kulowa migwirizano ndi chikondwerero mu IC latsopano. Ndondomekozi unayamba mu 1995. Chifukwa maziko ake atsopano amaoneka sagwirizana nazo, zatsopano maganizo sayansi pa mwambo wa ukwati. njira izi mwapadera anthu zinalili mu Soviet Union.

tanthauzo

Monga mmodzi wa olemba chi amene lipoti pamaso pa yapachiweniweni malamulo chikhalidwe cha ukwati amachita ANTOKOLSKY. Iye chooneka moti ankanena kuti pangano kwenikweni ake mgwirizano ndi osiyana ndi mgwirizano womwe gawo, amene amatsatila malamulo ndi zinagwira mavuto ena.

koma olemba ambiri kupatula ANTOKOLSKY anasonyeza kuti ukwati umenewu. The mosiyana mankhwala ake zinachitika osati Russia komanso kunja.

Analysis vuto limachititsa kubweretsa malingaliro a tanthauzo. Banja ndi lofunika kwambiri malamulo mfundo kuti pakhale banja ndiponso kugwirizana malamulo. Iye akutumikira monga mgwirizano zaufulu ndi ufulu wa akazi amuna, anamaliza m'njira akuchipatala, pochita zofuna za malamulo ndi umalimbana kupanga banja.

zikhalidwe

Pali ena dongosolo la ukwati. Chilamulo banja formulates angapo mavuto amuna ndi akazi mgwirizano anapanga boma. Iwo anapereka Gawo 12 la UK. Mndandanda wa mawu ankaona kuti zochuluka. Njirazi ndi monga:

1. chilolezo kwawo.
2. Ndinapatsidwa mwachindunji zaka.

Tiyeni tione padera.

chilolezo zaufulu

Kuti formalize mabwenzi imachitika kulembetsa ukwati. lamulo banja monga chikhalidwe chake choyamba amakhazikitsa chilolezo zaufulu za akazi onse m'tsogolo. Izi zikutanthauza kuti chifuniro cha phunziro, amalowa ubwenzi sayenera anapanga mchikakamizo cha bongo anthu ake ena.

Lamulo inakhazikitsa lamulo la mawu munthu chilakolako mwa amuna ndi akazi. Choncho, malamulo analetsa ukwati tidzakulowereni kapena kudzera m'makalata. chifuniro ayenera kudziwa. Anthu ayenera kudziwa zimene iwo achita. chiwawa aliyense, onse m'maganizo ndi m'thupi, zanzi chifuniro cha nkhaniyi, safuna kukhala m'chiyanjano achiwerewere mu chikhalidwe chake, kutsutsana ndi chikhalidwe cha ukwati ndi sizili ndi makonzedwe a Article 19 la Constituion, omwe amakhazikitsa ufulu wofanana ndi kumasulika kwa amuna ndi akazi ndi mwayi wofanana awo kukhazikitsa.

Kukakamiza simungakhoze kubwera kwa aliyense wa zipani kuti ubale, kapena achibale awo, anzawo komanso anthu ena.

ntchito

Analongosola kanthawi atakambirana zaufulu za amuna ndi akazi kukwatiwa. mawu anapanga kulemba ndipo anatumikira mu bungwe kaundula. Ngati wina akazi tsogolo sangathe panokha nawo drafting wa chikalata limodzi applicable luso. 26 Chilamulo Federal nambala 143. Mogwirizana ndi mwakale, nkhani yakuti kupeleka ntchito zosiyana. Komanso, chilolezo zaufulu anasonyeza pakamwa nzika za boma m'kaundula ndi umboni anasaina awo.

Kukwaniritsa zaka yake

M'mayiko pafupifupi chimodzimodzi osachepera zaka, amene ayenera kukhala nzika za ukwati. Mu Bulgaria Mwachitsanzo, akazi ndi amuna ndi chimodzimodzi - zaka 18. Mu Hungary, Japan ndi mafanizo ena angapo. Apa, m'badwo osachepera kwa amuna - zaka 18 ndi akazi - 16. Poland - 21 ndi 18, motero. Mu Portugal, kuyambira mu 1978, pakhomo osachepera zaka 16. Pankhaniyi, amene wakhala mfumukazi kuti, ali ndi ufulu kulowa banja ndi chilolezo cha makolo. Ngati anthu awa zaka 21 zakubadwa, iwo adzayandikira ubwenzi wawo.

The RF IC marriageable zaka zofanana kwa amuna ndi akazi. Iye ali ndi zaka 18. Pankhaniyi chikugwirizana ndi isanayambike mphamvu womwe wonse, malinga ndi Art. 12 la Civil Code. Tinganene mu mtima kuti nkhaniyi amene akufuna formalize asapita, amayenera kufika zaka yoyenera pa nthawi ya kalembera, osati pa tsiku la ntchito.

kuchotserapo

Mu Art. 13, N. 2 SC amapereka kuchepetsa zaka mating. Kuti uyu ayenera kukhala ndi zifukwa zabwino. Ngati aliyense ovomerezeka maboma a m'mayikowo kuchepetsa zaka m'banja zaka 16.

The lamulo silichita bwino chimatanthauza mndandanda zifukwa zomveka. Zochita monga ulamuliro, ali ndi mimba wamng'ono, ndi kuitana akulowa m'gulu la asilikali kapena ulendo wautali wa mkazi m'tsogolo, komanso kubadwa kwa mwana.

Chigamulo kuchepetsa zaka chilolezo alandirika ku nzika za moyo, kufuna kuti apereke mgwirizano wawo. Chikalatachi akusonyeza nambala ya zaka (miyezi), imene yafupika, dzina nzika. Kwa lingaliro ili, nkhani anagonjera mawu olembedwa. palibe lamulo kupeza chilolezo cha makolo pamene izi malamulo.

Akuluakulu Regional adzakhala ndi ufulu milandu kwapadera kulola ukwatiwo zaka 16. Zokwaniritsa ndi njila anamalizidwa anatsimikiza ndi malamulo nkhani za la Russia. Kuchokera pamene kulembetsa wa munthu, amene marriageable zaka langokhala ndi malamulo, kumakhaladi kwathunthu ntchito. Ngakhale vuto la kuwonongeka kwa ukwati iye zotero.

Kupatulapo ndi kulepheretsa la ukwati. malamulo Banja ndi malamulo a mayikowo amalola walekana ndi mphamvu zazing'ono.

Zolepheretsa formalization ubale

Iwo adzindikira 14-TH Nkhani ya RF IC. makhalidwe malamulo a ukwati mu lamulo banja ofunitsitsa ndi mbali ya malamulo ndi zikhalidwe za modernity. Komabe, pali mikhalidwe imene ndi formalization cha mtima wamphumphu ndi n'kosayenera zosatheka. mndandanda awo amaona zochuluka. Zochitika popewa chonse cha ubale monga:

1. Pamaso pa m'banja osachepera limodzi mwa magulu. Zimenezi zikusonyeza chitetezo boma monogamous. Pamene boma ukwati ndi nkhani, amene kale mu banja ndi munthu wina, pali vuto dvoemuzhestva / bigamy. Izi zikusiyana ndi malamulo panopa. monogamy mfundo atathana miyezo ya mayiko ambiri. Kupatulapo zili imene amadza makamaka pa asapita jenda amapereka chipembedzo cha kumeneko, kulola mitala.
2. Pamaso zimakhalira pakati Brac. Kwenikweni, imachitika pa achibale molunjika mzere akutsika ndi kukwera mizere - Makolo ndi ana, zidzukulu ndi grandmothers / grandfathers, ndi alongo okwanila / abale si zonse. Lamulo limeneli amakhazikitsa apangidwa chikoka cha malamulo oletsa Biomedical ndi yachipembedzo. Anapeza kuti ukwati pakati pa achibale kumaonjezera ngozi ya pathologies zosiyanasiyana, kumtundu, makamaka, ndi kuchepetsa mosavuta mwana wathanzi. Komanso mbiri khola makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima, malingaliro za inadmissibility a m'banja pachibale.
3. Kukhazikitsidwa wa umwana. Maziko lamuloli izi aziika makhalidwe zikuyenela mfundo. Ubale pakati pa adopter ndi womulera ukugwira kuti nkhani ogwirizana. 137 NC.
4. Kapezekedwe ka kudwala chifukwa matenda okhudza ubongo, bwalo anakhazikitsa, mmodzi wa omumvera. kuzindikira ake ikuchitika malinga ndi Art. 29 la Civil Code. Malinga ndi nzika wabwinobwino ndi matenda maganizo chifukwa omwe mwina sanali kudziwa khalidwe lawo aione, alandire udindo wa sangathenso m'njira zotchulidwa CPC.

kupewa mitala

Pofuna kupewa ukwati ndi phunziro, kuti kale m'banja ndi munthu wina, pa ntchito kwa nzika ulamuliro kaundula ndiye kuti iwo analemba mu ubwenzi woterewu kapena ayi. Ngati ubwenzi yapita adakhala wothyoledwa, anapereka chikalata zogwirizana amatsimikizira zimenezi. Monga izo zingakhoze kuchita chilekaniro kapena imfa ya mwamuna / mkazi, nafika mphamvu zochita bwalo pa invalidation.

Features ya olumala chifukwa mavuto a m'maganizo

phunziro A akudwala ngati matenda, sangathe kukonza makhalidwe awo, kudziwa zochita zawo. Chotero, izo sakhudzidwa chilolezo zaufulu kulowa m'banja.

Chiletso ukwati sangathenso pathologies maganizo anachititsa nkhawa anthu ndi boma kukhazikitsa wathanzi, banja yachibadwa. Komanso, matenda a chikhalidwe ichi akhoza tinatengera. Zimenezi, likuoneka zikamera wa mwana wathanzi.

Chodwala angaoneke pambuyo kulembetsa boma. Mu nkhani iyi, okwatirana, cholinga pa nthawi imene nzika zowawa kudwala, tidzakambirana mmene mfundo yoyenera.

maofesi ufulu kaundula

kudwala maganizo, m'kukoma zosiyanasiyana, komanso matenda ena, si zifukwa kuzindikira kudwala, sangachite monga zopinga kuti kulembetsa ukwati. Zikatero, chonse boma la m'banja akhoza kukhala zotheka chifukwa palibe amazindikira chifuniro munthu.

Ngati pa kaundula Office ali kukayikira kwambiri maganizo wodandaulayu, iwo ali ndi ufulu kulepheletsa ukwati kwa mwezi umodzi. Nthawi imeneyi, okhudzidwa ndi nthumwi za mabungwe zachipatala kusankha moyenera bwalo kanthu pa ankanena kuti anthu gulu la anthu olumala.

Mitundu ya ukwati

lamulo banja amalola tsopano zingapo zimene mungachite kuti anthu akubwera mu m'banja. Pamwamba anafotokoza formalization la ukwati. Ukwati kulembetsa amapereka zotsatira zina chifukwa zipani. Makamaka pali maudindo katundu poyerekezera ndi mzake. Choncho, pa kuchotsa ukwati anagwira kugawa chuma yotengedwa ndi ichitikire anatsimikiza mpando mwana kukhala amapatsidwa yokonza.

Posachedwapa, kufalikira anali m'banja boma. Mu Russia, anthu ambiri sali afulumira formalize ubwenzi. Ichi ndi chifukwa zifukwa zambiri. Pankhani maudindo, iwo ndi malamulo a UK. Koma ambiri, Mchitidwe umenewu amatsanzira Civil Code.

Pali gulu lina la mgwirizano - ukwati. lamulo banja sapereka tanthauzo lenileni la izo. Monga ulamuliro, ubwenzi woterewu amatchedwa mabungwe anayamba popanda chikondi osati kubadwa ndipo analeredwa wa ana, ndi zolinga zadyera. Komabe, iwo akhoza kupezeka pa mbali imodzi, ndipo onsewo ndi iwowo. malamulo sakhala kukhazikitsa udindo pa aliyense kuti mabanja pokhapokha iwo anawerengedwa ndi cholinga cha kuchita oletsedwa ina.