Zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa esophageal. Esophageal khansa: woyamba zizindikiro, chithandizo, madokotala ananena zawo

khansa esophageal mu mndandanda wa matenda ambiri ndi chiwiri. N'chifukwa chake m'nkhani ino tikufuna tione matenda. Choncho, cholinga cha nkhani - ngati kuli kotheka kuphunzira zimene ali esophageal khansa: zizindikiro, chithandizo, zizindikiro, amachititsa vuto.

zolemba

Pachiyambi, muyenera kuthana ndi malingaliro ena, umene mwachangu ntchito m'nkhani ino. Choncho, kum'mero - ndi chiwalo chofunika kwambiri kuti zikugwirizana m'mimba anthu ndi M'mimbamo m'kamwa. Mu nkhani iyi, kum'mero "sakonda" otentha kapena ozizira, nayenso lakuthwa kapena yokazinga. Chifukwa zinthu izi, nembanemba mucous a thupi kukhala chofuna, zikubweretsa zikamera vuto monga chotupa. Ndipo ngati ndi mtima wabwino mankhwala amakono angathe kusamalira zotupa zilonda kupereka kuopseza osati thanzi, ndipo ngakhale moyo wa wodwalayo. vutoli komanso ndi kobvuta ndi matenda zovuta kudziwa magawo oyambirira pakuwonekera kwake (pakalibe zizindikiro).

About matenda

M'pofunikanso kuti mu magawo m'banda khansa ya kum'mero kudziwa matenda kuli kovuta. Ndipo onse chifukwa kuti kudzakhala kwathunthu kwina zizindikiro zilizonse zimene angathe kuuza munthu kuti thupi kuti china chake chalakwika. Izo zinali kokha pambuyo kutupa itsekeke pang'ono ya kum'mero pafupifupi theka, munthu akhoza kumva ena nkhawa. M'pofunikanso kuti khansa esophageal ndi ambiri amuna ndi nthawi 4 kuposa akazi. chiopsezo gulu - anthu zaka 50-60. Ngati munthu ali ndi chotupa zilonda, izo kugunda thupi omangidwa. Choncho, kumtunda kwa mmero kuti chidwi ndi pafupifupi 10%, ambiri - 40%, ndipo m'munsi - pafupifupi 50%.

zimayambitsa

Cholinga cha nkhaniyi - kuphunzira zizindikiro ndi chimayambitsa khansa ya kholingo. Choncho, zotsatirazi zingathe kudziŵika mwa zimene zimayambitsa matenda:

1. Mphamvu. Chifukwa choyamba khansa ya kum'mero amakhala pafupipafupi mowa chakudya otentha komanso mowa ndi achiŵiri ake. Tiyeneranso amachotsedwa zakudya zokometsa zakudya.
2. Chinthu lawolawo. Asayansi aona kuti malo okhala a wodwalayo komanso mmoyo pakutchulidwa matendawa. Koma onse kachiwiri akubwera pansi ndi chikhalidwe cha mowa chakudya. Choncho zochitika za carcinoma ndi apamwamba m'madera ena a China, Iran, ndi ku Central Asia. Ndipo onse chifukwa pali chikondi zakudya kuzifutsa amatha kuumba ndi mbale kotentha.
3. Akusowa mavitamini. Kupanda mavitamini A ndiponso C kungachititse kuti chitukuko cha khansa esophageal.
4. Katatu ngozi ya matenda ndi apamwamba mu anthu amene amasuta, ndi nthawi 12 apamwamba anthu amene amamwa mowa kwambiri.
5. Kuchuluka chiopsezo khansa ya kholingo, ngati thupi kuitentha ndi soda. Ngakhale kukachitika kuti zitachitika, zaka zambiri zapita.
6. Ndipo, ndithudi, matenda ena angachititse chitukuko cha zotupa zilonda. khansa Esophageal mwina chifukwa achalasia esophageal, kapena otchedwa kum'mero Barrett a.

Zizindikiro 1. Dysphagia

Pachiyambi, muyenera kuganizira zizindikiro woyamba khansa ya kholingo. Chifukwa cha iwo, inu mukhoza kudziwa matenda. Choncho, poyamba pa zonse, wodwalayo adzaona vuto Pomeza chakudya. munthuyo amaganiza kuti mmero wake kuti popewa Ndime yachibadwa chakudya, kuti chakudya amangokhalira jamming. Kupewa kusapeza munthu adzakhala mosamala kwambiri kutafuna onse. Ngati nthendayo sanalandire chithandizo ndi kuthamanga, ndiye patapita nthawi, ngakhale madzimadzi sadzatha kusuntha zambiri pa thupi. Pa gawo lotsiriza la nthenda yomwe munthu sangathe kumeza bwinobwino ngakhale malovu ake. Pafupifupi magawo onse a matenda (kupatula woyamba) ali limodzi ndi zomverera chopweteka.

magawo a dysphagia

Kuphunzira zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa ya kholingo, ndi kunena kuti vuto Pomeza pa chiyambi cha matenda kumachitika kawirikawiri, si nthawi zonse nkhawa munthu. N'chifukwa chake matenda ndi zovuta kudziwa. Ndipotu, ngati munthu musavutike, palibe chanzeru funsani dokotala. The dysphagia chomwecho ali njira zinayi:

1. Mu gawo loyamba munthuyo ali ndi vuto Pomeza zidutswa lalikulu la chakudya, komanso Ndime ya chakudya fibrous (nyama, buledi, masamba ndi zipatso).
2. Mu gawo lachiwiri wodwalayo amavutika Pomeza wandiweyani phala ndi yosenda.
3. Siteji yachitatu ikukhudza movutikira dysphagia mu kudutsa madzi kupyolera kholingo.
4. Gawo lotsiriza - ndi kutsekeka lathunthu la kholingo.

2. Chisoni Zizindikiro

Kodi aliyense amakhala ndi khansa ya kholingo? Zizindikiro choyamba - ndi ululu. Iwo anabwera pafupi odwala onse zosiyanasiyana matenda. Chikhalidwe cha ululu angakhale osiyana - zikhoza kukhala pachimake ndi obtuse. Pamene zimachokeradi kusapeza mu mmero ndi khosi, pakati pa masamba phewa ndi nsagwada m'munsi.

3. Reflux Zizindikiro

ena zizindikiro zoyambirira za khansa ya kum'mero chiyani? Choncho, madokotala kuti umboni wa matenda komanso burp (kapena chilankhulidwe cha sayansi - Reflux). Komabe, ngati zikadzatha chakudya katundu kapena kudya ndi kawirikawiri pachimake - zimenezi si zachilendo. Ngati regurgitation amapezeka kaya chakudya pa nthawi iliyonse masana kapena usiku - zingakhale belu kuti kuyesetsa panopa kuti ndiweruzidwe ndi dokotala.

Zizindikiro 3. kusanza

Pamene chotupa chimalimba wodwala angakhalepo nseru osati ndipo ngakhale kusanza. Alamu chiyenera kupangitsa zoonera zosafunika za vomitus.

Zizindikiro 4. Mwazi

Ife tiganizire moposera za zizindikiro woyamba khansa ya kholingo. Monga tanenera kale pamwambapa, pangakhale mwazi masanzi a wodwalayo. Izi imatheka chifukwa maonekedwe a mabala ndi zilonda mu kholingo (umenewu umatipatsa kukula kwa zotupa). Part wa magazi sukhoza kutuluka ndi kusanza, ndipo ena amagwa m'mimba. N'chifukwa chake kusakanizikana magazi angakhalenso chopondapo wodwalayo.

Zizindikiro 5. Kuchuluka salivation

Ngati munthu ali ndi khansa ya kholingo, zizindikiro choyamba - hiccup ndi salivation kwambiri. Hiccup kumachitika chifukwa utrudnennogo mpweya kudutsa kholingo. Ndipo amaika salivation - chifukwa chotupa kuchulukana ndi mavuto Pomeza malovu zawo. Zakumwa ndi kopita izo amasonkhana pakamwa ndipo potero munthu wovuta.

Zizindikiro 6. Kutopa, kuwonda

Kenako, kuzindikira zizindikiro za khansa ya kholingo. Motero, munthu akhoza kukhala kusowa mphamvu, kuwonda, achuluke kutentha. Ndipo onse chifukwa cha mavuto ndi Pomeza mtima mophweka mabasi kudya (kotero inu mukhoza kupewa kupweteka). Iyi imalimbikitsa osakwanira kudya mavitamini ndi mchere, zomwe zimabweretsa zizindikiro zofanana. The kufooka kwa thupi wodwala "kumamatira" zosiyanasiyana matenda kupuma, amene adzachititsa kuwuka mu kutentha.

Zizindikiro 7. Change mawu, chifuwa

Waukulu ndi zizindikiro woyamba khansa ya kholingo - chifuwa pafupipafupi ndi kusintha mawu a munthu. Zonsezi angayambe monga chotsatira cha kuchuluka kwa metastases mu m'mphako ya bronchi. Mawu hoarseness angaoneke ngati matenda yachibadwa kupuma. Nthawi zambiri munthu ali ndi ululu zingwe amapilira.

Zizindikiro 8. Halitosis

Chabwino, pamene matenda salinso mu gawo loyamba, wodwalayo angaoneke zoipa mpweya. Komanso angathe kuonjezera lymph mfundo, yomwe ikusonyeza kuti pali "kuthetsedwa" metastases. Zowola pakamwa fungo ndi zotsatira za kukula kwa khansara.

zosokonezeka

Popeza kuti takambilana zizindikiro woyamba khansa ya kholingo, ndi kunena kuti oipa matendawo khansa izi zingachitike mu mtima:

1. Esophageal magazi. Mwina limodzi ndi kusanza magazi, nseru, imfa ya chikumbumtima. Yaitali magazi kuchokera chotupa wodwala akhoza kuoneka mpando wakuda. zimene amafuna mwamsanga alowererepo zachipatala.
2. Perforation ndi chotupa. Wodwala akhoza kukhala ndi dzenje kholingo, zikubweretsa chitukuko cha kutupa mu mediastinum lapansi. Izi zonse limodzi ndi kupweteka m'thupi kutentha thupi ndiponso kuledzera.

diagnostics

Tikambirana matenda zina monga khansa ya kholingo. Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro - kuthana ndi ichi. Amene akufuna kulankhula za, zimene njira ndi ndondomeko akhoza kupanga matenda zolondola. Choncho kuyendera limodzi lokha la kholingo sangathe kuchepetsa tokha, zilibe kupereka chithunzi thunzi chokwanira cha matenda. The maphunziro awa zidzafunika kuti matenda:

1. X-ray. njirayi limachititsa kudziwa makhalidwe thupi chotupa, komanso kuti mudziwe malo ake enieni.
2. Bronchoscopy kuthandiza kusankha mlingo wa kuwukira chotupa mu kholingo, komanso kumvetsa ngati metastasis anaonekera.
3. Delineate malire a chotupa ndi kusintha Mapa tsogolo kudzakuthandizani esophagogastroscopy.
4. Ultrasound ndi CT - zofunika kuchita laling'ono zithandiza kumveketsa matenda, kudziwa kutalika ndi kukhalapo kwa metastases chotupa.
5. kafukufuku Laboratory magazi amapereka mwayi kudziwa oncomarkers.

chithandizo

A mavuto ambiri kuwalanditsa khansa esophageal. Zizindikiro ndi zizindikiro, siteji, chithandizo, ndi madokotala ananena zawo - zonse izi ndi zofunika kwambiri ndipo tiyenera kukambirana ndi dokotala. Choncho, pa nthawi imeneyi zingakhale zofunika kuganizira mwatsatanetsatane njira zonse zimene zingakhale zogwirizana mu nkhani iyi.

1. Cheza mankhwala.
2. Opaleshoni. Pankhaniyi, wodwalayo adzachotsedwa kum'mero. Komanso amafunika chapamimba pulasitiki kapena chubu matumbo.
3. Tikaphatikiza njira: cheza mankhwala molumikizana ndi opaleshoni.

Pankhani Morning, ndiye ngati njira wodziimira payekha operewera.

Akunde mmunsi ndi pakati kholingo. Pankhaniyi, ogwira ndi opaleshoni akutsatiridwa ndi cheza ndi mankhwala amphamvu. Ngati n'zosatheka yochotsa chotupacho, cheza mankhwala umagwiritsidwa ntchito.

Ngati wodwala anakantha chachitatu chapamwamba kholingo, zimene zinachitikira tsiku adzakhala radiotherapy.

Ngati matendawo ali kwambiri anayamba, ndipo wodwala otsiriza siteji ya dysphagia (kulephera bwino kudyetsa) - zoika gastrostomy. opaleshoni ichi, pansi mankhwala oletsa ululu pamalopo pamene m'mimba wodwalayo ali sutured khoma m'mimba, ndiye chubu kudya anadzetsa izo.

kaonedwe

Tikayang'ana zizindikiro woyamba ndi zizindikiro za khansa esophageal, mankhwala ndi madokotala ananena zawo - ndilo zofunika kuuza nayenso. Ngati mankhwala kale anati, nthawi kudziwa Zoneneratu miyoyo ya odwala matenda. Choyamba, ndikufuna kunena kuti zidalira pa mlingo wa chitukuko cha matenda, m'badwo wodwalayo komanso zinthu zina zosiyanasiyana. Ndiko kuti, Mulimonsemo ayenera kuwaganizira payekha. Komabe, mungapereke ndi zithunzi wonse:

1. Pamene khansa esophageal si ankachitira, kuti madokotala ananena zawo mu nkhani iyi si yabwino kwambiri. Kutalika avareji moyo odwala kuyambira kudziwika kwa matenda - pafupifupi 6-8 miyezi. Ngati matenda ndi mu magawo oyambirira, popanda mankhwala ena odwala anakhala 5 zaka.
2. Ngati ntchito cheza mankhwala kupulumuka wodwala kwambiri kuchuluka.
3. Mu ophatikizana mankhwala pambuyo opaleshoni kwakukulu, pafupifupi theka la odwala kukhala zaka zoposa zisanu.
4. Pamene mankhwala zovuta (ngati metastases uliwonse) ndi pafupifupi 57% ya odwala kukhala zaka zoposa zisanu.