Low-mphamvu nyumba. Chabe nyumba: kamangidwe, zomangamanga ndi mbali

A nyumba chabe ndi mfundo mphamvu Mwachangu pomanga, amene amalola pa ndalama ndi wochezeka, kuchititsa kuwonongeka osachepera chilengedwe kukhalabe ndi kukhala omasuka. Mowa mphamvu kutentha ndi ang'onoang'ono kwambiri motero kuti mwina palibe kukhazikitsa achiwiri Kutentha dongosolo kapena mphamvu yake, ndi kukula ang'ono.

mphamvu Mwachangu muyezo

magetsi kwa Kutentha kwa nyumba kwa chaka ndi zosakwana 15 kilowatt-maola m'dera unit. magetsi kwa Kutentha, madzi otentha ndi magetsi mphamvu imayenera kunyumba si zoposa 120 kilowatt-maola m'dera unit.

Ngati Tikayerekeza ntchito ya mowa mphamvu Kutentha mu Germany, zomwe zimatsatira malamulo matenthedwe ndalama chitetezo ndi mphamvu mu 2002 (WSchVO ndi EnEV 2002), izo Tingaone chizolowezi mwachindunji kuti kuchepa kwa nyumba magetsi. Chigamulo Recent ndi EnEV, malamulo chitetezo matenthedwe mu Republic of Germany Federal, anapereka mtengo wa mowa mphamvu za pacaka Kutentha nyumba yatsopano ndipo anapulumutsa ndi kumukonzanso ku 30 70 kilowatt-maola m'dera unit.

Yerekezerani latsopano la Russia anakhazikitsa mlingo wa mowa wa pachaka mphamvu kwa Kutentha kwa Moscow ku 95 kuti 195 kilowatt-maola m'dera unit. Leni mowa kuposa kwambiri malamulo amenewa.

Ubwino wa nyumba mphamvu imayenera

Ecodom Ubwino:

• Chitonthozo. Imakhala nthawi zonse kukhala nyengo kosangalatsa, woyera ndi Mpweya wapadera dongosolo zomangamanga. Chabe House motero amakhala moyenera chipinda kulamulira kutentha.
• Mphamvu zopulumutsa. Ngati ife tikufanizira nyumba ochiritsira ndi nyumba chabe, yotsirizira ali ndi kuchepetsa oposa khumi khola mu mowa kutentha zosowa magetsi.
• thanzi phindu. Pamene nyumba ndi chabe, chaka malo onse mosalekeza aziwapatsa mpweya wabwino, palibe drafts, chinyezi, ndipo palibe nkhungu.
• Economy. Ngati nyumbayo ili chabe, ndalama opaleshoni a kapezedwe ake mphamvu amakhalabe otsika ngakhale ndi kuwonjezeka mu mtengo wa mphamvu.
• Kusamalira chilengedwe. Pamene nyumba ndi chabe, ntchito ya umisiri magetsi amawonjezera chitetezo zachilengedwe.

moyenera mphamvu

Mmodzi mwa makhalidwe a nyumba magetsi ndi mphamvu bwino pakati imfa mpweya kapena HIV ndi chiphaso cha kutentha kwa dzuwa mphamvu, magwero mkati kutentha ndi magetsi. Pakuti muyezo wa zigawo zikuluzikulu zofunika monga kutchinjiriza mulingo woyenera buku mkangano, nyumba yaying'ono, kugwiritsa ntchito chabe kutentha athandizira ku dzuwa ndi lathu la zowonetsera kwambiri (mpaka 2/5 wapakamwa lalikulu) kum'mwera, ndi kulolerana 30 ° ndi chifukwa chosowa shading. M'pofunikanso nawonso ntchito zida za magetsi banja ndi mkulu mlingo mphamvu. Komanso ndi Kutentha madzi pogwiritsa ntchito kutentha mpope kapena wokhometsa dzuwa, ndi kungokhala chete Kutentha nthaka mpweya kutentha exchanger. Ndipotu, changwiro chabe nyumba - nyumba popanda kutentha thermos.

Chabe luso nyumba

Kodi chifukwa zimenezi? Chabe House muyezo amafuna ntchito m'madera asanu:

• Matenthedwe kutchinjiriza. Kudzipatula akunja zigawo, makamaka ngodya, mbuyo ndi kusintha mfundo ndi polumikizana akhale ngati kuti kutentha kutengerapo koyefishienti anali zosakwana 0,15 W / mamita ² · K.
• Pakalibe milatho matenthedwe. Ndi zofunika kupewa inclusions wochita kutentha. msonkhano wapadera kwa kuwerengetsa m'munda kutentha kuzindikira ndi molondola yosanthula osokonekera malo kuchinga nyumba ya nyumba ndi kukhathamiritsa anayamba.
• Wogulitsa kwa chabe Eco imayenera mawindo. Kawiri otsika emissivity glazing wodzazidwa ndi mpweya inert, ndi mulingo woyenera nyumba zimenezi. Oyenerera unsembe machenjerero zenera.
• Mawotchi mpweya wabwino ndi kutentha kuchira (osachepera 75%) ndi kusindikizidwa mkati envelopu. Kuzindikiritsidwa ndi Kupha kuchucha anaonetsetsa kudzera makina chiyesedwe cha mpweya permeability nyumba. Chitonthozo mpweya, olamulidwa ndi wosuta. Unsembe wa dziko kutentha exchanger.

Lomenyera Russia

Ku Ulaya, ntchito yomanga chabe nyumba muyezo ntchito lalikulu zedi, ndipo boma latsopano la Russia, kapangidwe ndi ntchito yomanga nyumba za magetsi ndi kokha mu Chiyambi chake.

Nyumba kuti akwaniritsa zofunikira za mfundo mphamvu Mwachangu pano, koma kale ndi dongosolo pafupi muyezo. Iwo kutchula mfundo zikuluzikulu, njira kuwerengetsa mphamvu imayenera kunyumba.

Komanso, ndi nkhani la Russia, analenga nyumba gulu la mphamvu Mwachangu:

• Chabe nyumba - Kutentha amadya zosakwana 15, chiwerengero mowa mphamvu m'chaka - osapitirira 120 kilowatt-maola wagawo MALO;
• nyumba kopitilira muyeso-otsika mowa - pachaka mowa mphamvu Kutentha - 16-35, ndi mowa okwana mphamvu m'chaka - zosakwana 180 kilowatt-maola m'dera wagawo;
• nyumba ndi katundu wochepa mphamvu - dongosolo ndi mowa mphamvu pachaka zosowa Kutentha - 36-50, ndipo okwana mowa mphamvu pachaka - zosakwana 260 kilowatt-maola m'dera unit.

Mbiri ya chitukuko

Mid-90s zaka mazana makumi awiri zinali zodzaza ndi m'munsi mwa Darmstadt, Germany, mgwirizano "chabe House". Mapulani Vestermauer ndi Bott, Ridder kutsogoleredwa ndi Wolfgang Feist chetyrohkvartirny cholinga nyumba, omwe anakhala zinachitika chifukwa wotsatira nyumba zonse mphamvu yopulumutsa. Chabe nyumba inamangidwa mu 1991 ndi nawo boma la Hessen. kumwa pachaka nyumba Kutentha - lita zosakwana 1 mafuta pa malo unit.

kapangidwe

Mapulani a nyumba chabe anamaliza zotsatirazi njira kamangidwe.

Khoma lakunja la njerwa silicate 175 mamilimita wandiweyani wosanjikiza amalimata Styrofoam 275 mm, mkati anamaliza gypsum pulasitala makulidwe 15 mamilimita atatu wosanjikiza mapepala khoma kujambula wotsatira.

Denga yokutidwa ndi manyowa, zimene fyuluta wosanjikiza, chipboard 50 mm wandiweyani, analimbitsa ndi matabwa matabwa, losindikizidwa ndi filimu polyethylene, amalimata ndi wosanjikiza mchere ubweya 445 mamilimita wandiweyani, atatu zimadutsa anamaliza plasterboard ndi mapepala khoma kujambula wotsatira.

Kulowererana chapansi konkire 160 mm, 250 mamilimita amalimata polystyrene mbale, kutchinjiriza 40 mm, 50 mm ndi screed 15 mamilimita parquet.

Zenera panes ndi zitatu, ziwiri otsika-emissivity ❖ kuyanika zipinda krypton odzazidwa. Matabwa chimango ndi polyurethane thovu kutchinjiriza.

Kutentha kuchira akuyendera counterflow kutentha exchanger mu chapansi pa nyumba. Motors Choyamba DC ankagwiritsa ntchito ndi lophimba amagetsi.

madzi otentha amaperekedwa lathyathyathya zingalowe okhometsa dera 5.3 sq. mita pa lathyathyathya (66% kupereka DHW amafuna) ndi yaying'ono khoma wokwera condensation kukatentha ndi gasi. DHW mipope anaika mu zokutira zitsulo wosanjikiza ndi bwino lakutali.

Control miyeso

Akamaliza ntchito yomanga ndi kutumidwa pa nyumbayi zinalengedwa ndi miyezo cheke cha otaya mpweya, kuthamanga mayeso, mayiko miyezo ya kutentha ndi mowa mphamvu. Iwo anatsimikizira kukwaniritsa cholinga.

Pachaka mowa mphamvu matenthedwe kwa Kutentha mu 1991-1992 anali wofanana 19,8 kilowatt-maola m'dera wagawo, yomwe nkhani 8% ya mowa nyumba wamba nyumba. Mu 1992-1993, kumwa pachaka ali utachepa kuti 11,8 kilowatt-maola wagawo m'dera (5.5% ya kumwa zatchatchatcha, anatengedwa kuyerekezera). Kenako, kumwa ndi kuchepa kwa zosakwana 10 kilowatt-maola m'dera wagawo pa chaka.

Ziwerengero laling'ono kwambiri moti akatswiri awo kwa nthawi yaitali molakwika. kuchepetsa kwambiri ndalama mphamvu, anali ndi zaka 90%, anali zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito mkulu-ntchito ogula zamagetsi.

Zinachitikira German anaitenga ndi mapulani Chifinishi ndi mapulani zina ku Ulaya. Kuyambira pamenepo, dziko wamanga oposa 40,000 chabe Eco-nyumba.

Chabe nyumba yomanga ku Russia

zinthu zingapo pogwiritsa ntchito mfundo zofunika imene nyumba chabe zimamangidwa kapena akuyendera zamangidwa mu Russian Federation mu Moscow, St. Petersburg, Nizhny Novgorod ndi Yekaterinburg. Ntchito zina zomwe akambirana nthawi ina.

The ntchito m'dera Moscow

Mwa nyumba munthu ndi ntchito mowa wochepa mphamvu monga "Amalalikira House" m'chigawo Moscow, amenenso ankangokhala kutenthetsa.

Amalalikira Kunyumba ndi nyumba mlingo wosiyana wa mphamvu Mwachangu, koma ndi chitonthozo chachikulu, kumatheka ndi yaotomatiki dongosolo kulamulira nyengo ya nyumba "anzeru kunyumba" pogwiritsa ntchito magwero zongowonjezwdwa mphamvu ndi ukhondo zachilengedwe.

ntchitoyo inatha mu 2011. Chikuyimira masamu 5 okhala dongosolo m'dera mamita lalikulu 229, malo apansi awiri, chimango mtengo, insulated ndi slabs wa mchere ubweya ISOVER, dormers VELUX, wandiweyani akunja kuchinga nyumba 550-650 mm, kutentha kukana wa denga ndi makoma 12, bwalo 14 (m ² · ° C) / Watt. mlingo mpweya - nthawi 0.4 pa ola limodzi. mowa mphamvu okha Kutentha pa chaka ndi 38, ndi mowa lonse mphamvu - 110 kWh pa malo wagawo pa chaka.

The polojekiti Nizhny Novgorod

Chitsanzo china cha polojekiti ndi kopitilira muyeso-otsika mowa kutentha kwa Kutentha Eco-nyumba ali pafupi Nizhny Novgorod ndipo anamaliza mu 2012.

The yosanjikizana nyumba m'dera mamita lalikulu 141. mita, masamu kwa anthu anayi, ndi kapangidwe mu mawonekedwe a chimango matabwa, slabs akutali a mchere ubweya ISOVER, zenera mbiri REHAU GENEO, magalasi atatu, kutentha kufala kukana, 8.7 makoma, madenga 12,8, 8,9 mamita kugonana ² · ° C / Watt. Ntchito Zehnder dongosolo mpweya wabwino ndi kutentha kuchira dzuwa la 84% ndi mlingo kusintha mpweya wa nthawi 0,3 paola. Pacaka mowa Kutentha mphamvu 33 kWh pa malo unit.

Si zabwino - mdani wa dzuwa

Kuyambira kwambiri lingaliro la Eco chabe ankaganiza kuti mtengo wa nyumba zimenezi adzakhala wofanana kapena pang'ono okwera mtengo kusiyana ndi mtengo wa yachibadwa. Ganizo chikuchititsa zimenezi chinali mtengo wotsika wa zomangamanga mulingo woyenera muyezo wa mtengo, khalidwe ndi mofulumira kubwerera pa ndalama.

Cholinga chachikulu ndi vuto ndi kugwirizanitsa mtengo wa ntchito yomanga maofesi amenewa latsopano la Russia ndi kumanga nyumba ochiritsira. The kusamutsidwa m'nyumba mphamvu imayenera za anthu mu gawo misa sizidzachitika msanga. Izi zimafuna, kuwonjezera pa maphunziro a mapulani, komanso kupezeka kwa panafunika luso mlingo omanga ntchito zipangizo za mkulu khalidwe ndi mlingo zamakono zida ndi zipangizo ndi makhalidwe enieni.

Misa yomanga gawo mu Russia amakonda kuchepetsa ndalama nyumba chifukwa kugwiritsa ntchito zipangizo otsika khalidwe ndi theka-aluso zamanja. Bola ngati zokonda ngati ali, tinganene kuti zina zamakono mphamvu imayenera yomanga nyumba misa zikuwoneka zenizeni.

Chiyembekezo mu Russia

Kuchepetsa anakonza 40% miyezo ya mowa mphamvu 2020, cholinga likatembenuza mafunde mokomera umisiri mphamvu yopulumutsa. Normal matenthedwe kukana zingawonjezere kuchokera 0,52 kuti 0,8 mamita ² · ° C / W, ndipo pambuyo pake - kuti 1.0. Kugwiritsa kuchira mu kachitidwe mpweya adzakhala kuvomerezedwa. Panthawi imeneyi, nkofunika kuti azolowere ndi kukhazikitsa zinachitikira yachilendo. Ndi 2020 kuyembekezeredwa yomanga ambiri nyumba chabe. Ndi nthawi kuti adzalenga zinthu zofunika: Bank zachitika dongosolo la crediting ŵakwenera, okonza, kutukula ndi omanga kuphunzira luso latsopano. Izi kupanga khola msika ndi katundu akumufuna.