Zitsanzo counterculture. Lingaliro ndi ntchito ya counterculture ndi

Pansi zosokoneza amatanthauza mwapadera yeniyeni ya moyo, zochokera kukwaniritsidwa kwa zofuna zachilengedwe anthu kutukuka munthu, kudzikonda akuti, kumvetsa tsogolo mwini.

Aliyense zosokoneza alipo kunja dongosolo chikhalidwe kapena malamulo a chuma. Choncho, si Pamlingo aang'ono zimayambitsa zinthu ndi cholinga zinthu kukhalapo. Ndi latini mawu otanthauza "zosokoneza". Zimenezi zikutanthauza kuti ndi osiyana wamphamvu.

Zizindikiro za zosokoneza ndi counterculture

onyamula awo zigwire kwa gulu linalake chikhalidwe. Kusiyana tingasonyezere dongosolo njira ina amatsogoza, chinenero wapadera, khalidwe, ndi ena. Subcultures Zikusiyana akhoza kupangidwa pa maziko a mafuko, mitundu, katswiri kapena aliyense midzi ina.

Ndipo mulinso chiphunzitso cha counterculture ndi? Kale tanthauzo amene angathe ndikuganiza kuti palibe zosokoneza wamba, kwambiri kosiyana ndi lalikulu, nkhondo ndi kutsatira chikhalidwe. Counterculture mabuku ndi moyo mogwirizana ndi mfundo zawo ndi makhalidwe a nthumwi zake amene akuyesera kuti awononge zikuluzikulu anthu mu unsembe. ziwonetsa motsimikiza pankhaniyi tinganene kuti wachinyamata counterculture zinasinthiratu ndi 60s kwa zaka za m'ma 20, kayendedwe ka punks ndi hippies.

Pakuti munthu wina powerenga, ndi wamkulu, akhoza zimachitika counterculture kumidima. Zikamera wa ake chifukwa pawekha zachilengedwe akaidi kutumikira moyo wosiyidwayo mfundo nawo. Motero, panali mwachibadwa wamphamvu potsimikizira-chikhalidwe mitundu ake okhwima kwambiri ndi ufumu bwino ndi malamulo bwino chimatanthauza.

Pa kufanana ndi kusiyana mawu

Popeza zaka zao za sikisite Mu zaka zapitazo maganizo "misa chikhalidwe", "potsimikizira-chikhalidwe" ndi "boma chikhalidwe" anayamba converge. Achinyamata kuyesera kulumikiza ndi chimodzi adani, powona yokha mu nkhope ya anthu onse kapena zochitika zina chikhalidwe. Ikadali matanthauzo awa pali kusiyana. Tiyeni tione kusiyana zikuluzikulu za unyamata zosokoneza ndi counterculture yokha.

The woyamba alipo, monga ulamuliro, mu chikhalidwe cha masewerawa, kutsutsa mfundo "ife" ndi "iwo". Wotanganidwa ndi nthumwi za subcultures achinyamata zokwanira zinthu zaphindu. Cholinga chawo - kulenga wapadera anu dziko. Iwo safuna kuti kumenya nkhondo ndi mdani, ndipo nthawi zambiri kutenga malo chabe.

Lingaliro kumapereka lingaliro la kukhalapo kwa potsimikizira-chikhalidwe mu mawonekedwe a masewera a. Izo zikutanthauza kuti kuli mdani wodziwika ndi nkhondo. Chifukwa cha kukhalapo kwa counterculture ndi ntchito za chionongeko, cholinga chimene - inagonjetsedwadi mdani. Iwo ubwera kutsegula atasemphana ndipo atchedwe lenileni la nkhondo mfundo lankhanza la anthu.

Nthawi zambiri kusiyana ndi khalidwe la mitundu choyeretsetsa cha counterculture ndi achinyamata zosokoneza. Zochita pali zambiri wapakatikati mungachite kuti kuphatikiza zinthu za mitundu onse. Chitsanzo chapadera cha zosokoneza ndi counterculture, timapereka pansipa.

Zimayambitsa waukulu subcultures ubwana

akatswiri Western, akuyendayenda zikamera wa mitundu imeneyi ya moyo pagulu, onani mmene mu kufunika kwa mfundo wachibadidwe latsopano khalidwe mu mzere ndi mavuto masiku ano. mitundu ya anthu ndi banja Traditional sangathe kukumana ndi zolinga za achinyamata. nthumwi zake, ozunguza anthu zachilendo moyo, maonekedwe ndi makhalidwe, sangathe kukwaniritsa mawu okwanira mu nkhope ya chenicheni panopa.

zosokoneza aliyense adzalandira angapo makhalidwe yemwe kuvomerezedwa iye. Pakati pa aliyense wa iwo ndithudi anapeza wagawo akhama kuchititsa thandizo maganizo ndi kupoletsa malingaliro atsopano. Characteristically, oimira a zosokoneza wachinyamata, monga ulamuliro, lingapezeke m'madera matauni ndi m'mizinda ikuluikulu. M'madera ang'onoang'ono, mwamwayi - ndi chodabwitsa zosowa. Iwo zambiri monga kutengera makhalidwe khalidwe, zomwe zimachititsa onyenga umasinthasintha ndi m'malo weniweni.

N'chiyani chimachititsa achinyamata zosokoneza

Amadziwika kuti zosayembekezereka wa Mulimonse nthawi zonse chifukwa kwenikweni ndipo lapangidwa kuti kuthetsa angapo mavuto. Nanga ku mfundo imeneyi, ndi tanthauzo mayanjano mwamwayi achinyamata? Ntchito yaikulu ya counterculture - m'maganizo. nyamukani mu udindo wa mnyamata wopanduka mu maso ake ndi kuyesa kupeza mu ulamuliro wa makolo.

Choncho, nthawi anakhala m'mikhalidwe ndi mwa achinyamata zosokoneza kwa achinyamata amakhala kusintha kwa mwana wamkulu, chanzeru amaonera moyo. Mfundo yofunika odzipereka mu ndondomeko ya kumizidwa mu dziko kayendedwe unyamata - chitukuko cha malamulo zofunikla pa umunthu wake ndi maluso ena.

Anakumana ndi njira zina khalidwe la wachinyamatayo kapena kulandira kapena akuwakana. Childs, ambiri nthawi ya kasinthasintha wa mwana mu chilengedwe mwamwayi si upambana zaka zitatu.

Chifukwa sing'anga uyu chokopa

Komanso, kukhala mu chimango cha kayendedwe mwamwayi amatenga achinyamata nthawi kuwaphunzitsa kutsogolera yopuma zawo nthawi, ndipo pamapeto pake kuyambitsa bungwe bwino.

Onani kuti kuchiŵerengero kwambiri achinyamata amakonda kusowa kwa olemba bwino adzadziwire munthu. Ambiri a iwo ali mu mphamvu ya olakwika khalidwe, zomwe mapeto chiwerengero cha achinyamata informals. Aliyense counterculture achinyamata ndi 80-90% tichipeza mafani kuti atsanzire, osati angathe kuteteza paokha.

The chifukwa zosavuta contiguity achinyamata oimilira zosokoneza makamaka - kufufuza anthu ndi zikhulupiriro zofanana. Epatage monga makhalidwe kunja, poyerekeza ndi sekondale.

Zitsanzo moyo: Counterculture

Part kayendedwe achinyamata kuti kumizidwa mu m'mbuyomu. Chitsanzo kwambiri omveka ndi hippie kayendedwe zinalili mu US mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo. lonse kunali kwakukulu moti mu hippie kulankhula pamodzi zikwi achinyamata moyo. No zosokoneza ena anakumana mchitidwe amenewa. Hippie ufulu chikondi maganizo anayambitsa ulimi kugonana cha zaka.

Chifukwa cha njira zina za otaya moyo pamaso pathu anali zikamera amalumikizana nyumba ( "Lathyathyathya"), pamene aliyense angathe kutenga usiku kapena zosakhalitsa zogona ( "woyenera"). Institute for Social hippie khalidwe anali negation ya kutsatira chikhalidwe cha anthu ozungulira, mfundo zi- malo, pacifism, ufulu kugonana ndi moyo wosasangalala kwambiri pamoyo wawo.

Zosokoneza ndi counterculture pa chitsanzo cha Russia

Chitsanzo china cha zosokoneza anataya zinalili mu dziko lathu - izo Lubero. Otchedwa oimira magulu achinyamata za chikhalidwe chigawenga. Iwo anaonekera poyambirira mu dela la mzinda, m'tauni ya Lyubertsy.

Mbali khalidwe la magulu amenewa - kuganizira moyo wathanzi molumikizana ndi "kusintha" zenizeni chikhalidwe mu zaka za perestroika. Kusonyeza kuti kufunafuna "wokoma a anthu" (anthu osowa pokhala, zidakwa, mahule) - iwo anali kumenyedwa ndipo mwinamwake analakwira.

Maonekedwe Lubero analankhula okonzeka nthawi yomweyo kuti agwirizane ndi nkhondoyo. magulu zambiri bungwe anapita ku Moscow ndiponso mizinda ina ndi kupha bungwe, amene anali chotheka pofuna kusangalatsa asilikali ndi apolisi.

oopsa counterculture

Zitsanzo zina zosokoneza ndi counterculture - ngakhale "zolemekezeka". Kufanana kwa Lubero ndi magulu ano kwakukulu monyanyira, akhala mlingo mwapadera za bungwe ndi mfundo (mwachitsanzo, ometa mpala). Ometa mpala akhoza zimachitika ndi zosokoneza chikhalidwe oopsa. owayimilira poyamba anaonekera mu England mu 1968, iwo "anaphunzitsa manjenje 'omasuka hippie ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

chovala "wokweza fuko" anavomera kufunika atengere woopsa kumenyana msewu: wakuda zolimba mathalauza, nkhondowo nsapato ndi zidendene wandiweyani kuthandiza mu nkhondo, kanthawi jekete popanda kolala ndi. zovala wokweza fuko anapulumuka chilichonse, walola kuti mdani kuti igwire (mabaji, zikwama kapena magalasi). Kwa cholinga chomwecho anameta anameta.

otsatira awo - Russian ometa mpala - anaonekera mu 90s kwa zaka za m'ma 20. Kunja makhalidwe inu anakopera kuchokera kumadzulo "anzake", mfundo ndi kuchuluka kwa mphamvu zochokera mavuto Russian dziko. zosokoneza Izi akhoza zimachitika ndi mwamakani kwambiri. Ometa mpala amati mmene malingaliro Nazi, wosasiya mwayi dissent. mfundo wokweza fuko zachokera lingaliro la chiyero mitundu. Nthawi zambiri bungwe pogroms pakati pa anthu amene ali ndi maonekedwe osiyana (mwachitsanzo, tsitsi lalitali, khungu), ndi owayimilira lathu osiyana kugonana.

mafani Satana

Zitsanzo counterculture zosiyanasiyana ndithu. chodabwitsa china choopsa - ndi Satanists otchedwa. Zilipo otaya wolekana ndi kayendedwe ka anthu ogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo, kugwirizana ndi Mpingo wa olambira Satana nineties oyambirira mu dziko lathu. Satana zosokoneza tsopano ali mbali zingapo osiyana. Zikuphatikizapo kutsutsana ndi Akhristu, kupotoza Baibulo, nachita m'Baibulo malamulo kanthu zosiyana (kawirikawiri - kupezerera ndipo vandalism).

Wina malangizo - Orthodox Satanists. Iwo amanena kuti mphamvu za Satana mphamvu ndi wofanana ndi mphamvu ya Mulungu. Iwo ndi miyambo zawo ndi miyambo, ngakhale nsembe zoterezi si kawiri kawiri zimachitika. mumaganiza Development m'mayiko Chiprotestanti.

Pali Satanists za akatswiri - iwo ndiwo amene ali bungwe mayina mwalamulo. mfundo pachimake zikuphatikizapo kuphatikizidwa zosowa zawo zochokera maganizo Chitsulo Nietzsche a. otsatira ena a chiphunzitso kwakukulukulu motere zotsatira kunja kokha (kuvala zodzikongoletsera ndi mtanda mozondoka, utoto tsitsi lawo wakuda).

zizolowezi zina achinyamata

panali gulu "Gopnik" Mu 80s wa atumwi 20 m'dziko lathu. Zinali makamaka ambiri a iwo pa avareji dera Volga. Gopnik ananena okha Adani mamembala ambiri subcultures zina achinyamata - rappers, bikers, hippies ndi zina zotero. Aliyense wa pamwamba akanatha iwo anamenyedwa ndi achifwamba.

Monga ena, nthumwi zochepa yoopsa subcultures achinyamata Tingaone mafani mpira. Pakati pawo alandirika zakulekanitsani mafani zibonga zosiyanasiyana masewera.

Oimira otaya wina - punks. Phunzirani iwo mosavuta ndi maganizo khalidwe: zamphepo chikopa, piercings, amakonzera tsitsi zosowa. Pa mutu wake ndi zambiri flaunts tingachipeze powerenga mohawk kapena anameta izo dazi.

Punks kutsanzira oimba mumaikonda thanthwe ndi hooligans, kumwa, utsi udzu, kawirikawiri kuchapa mokomera lingaliro la chisokonezo. chiphiphiritso yaikulu: "Palibe m'tsogolo." Mtima woipa nyimbo mfundo zimawathandiza maganizo awo m'njira kwambiri mowa chiwawa, ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo. Zitsanzo nyimbo counterculture - mwina lililonse mwa utuluke mwamwayi unyamata.

magulu chidwi

Oimira subcultures ena pamodzi mwa kudzipereka ku moyo wina. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ichi - bikers (motorcyclists). Iwo kulibe ake, dziko wapadera - kusuntha dziko pa liwiro lalikulu.

Koma pali zitsanzo zina za counterculture Mwachitsanzo, kuchuluka kwa m'chiuno siimakupiza. Izi ndi zovuta maphunziro chikhalidwe. Pamafunikanso kuvina ntchito mu kalembedwe makamaka (yopuma kuvina kapena rap) minibasi a zojambulajambula, streetball (msewu mpira), pakubwezeretsa (wodzigudubuza siketing'i mu njira zina).

Kutalika kwa mafani wa m'chiuno siimakupiza chikhalidwe cha mnyamata wathanzi. Achinyamata amatengeka ndi mankhwala ndi mowa ndipo anayamba kupikisana msewu kuvina ndi masewera. zinthu izi zonse amafuna ndithu thupi olimba, amene ndi yosemphana ndi thanzi ndi mankhwala osokoneza bongo.

Wina ponena kuti Diggers ofunika. Kotero ife kudzaitana anthu amene kufufuza zofunikira mobisa. "Anthu a mumzinda wa mapanga" nthawi yocheza mu kukhotakhota mwachinsinsi, amacheza ndi aura mwachinsinsi, iwo safuna kutchuka kapena kufotokozera malo anu omwe.

Game ndi Ntchito

Kodi pali zitsanzo zabwino counterculture chiyani? Mwina kwambiri wathanzi maganizo, kulenga ndi chikhalidwe advantaged nthumwi zake zikhoza ankamuona ngati osewera udindo. Iwowa ndi ndani? Zikuphatikizapo anthu amene nthawi zonse kwaulere kuthera recreate ena kapena zochitika zolembalemba nyengo. Izi kukonzanso enactors, animeshniki, komanso ena madera ofanana.

ntchito wawo wapitilira ngati linakhazikitsidwa panja zisudzo ed, komanso m'banja kapena m'tawuni timasewero kusewera masewera. Otsatira gulu limeneli zonse bungwe Zongoyerekezera m'mbiri kapena madyerero, zikugwira kukwera kavalo, kuchinga, ndipo ambiri thupi maphunziro.

Iwo anatenga zipani zawo cholinga kulankhulana ndi kufufuza anthu amaganizo amodzi. The pempho yaikulu timasewero kusewera masewera ndi luso kuzemba tsiku ndi tsiku ndi kukwaniritsa zilandiridwenso. Pakati rolevikov mosavuta kuvala zovala za kalembedwe anasankha (mbiri akale ka Wild West). Atsikana amatha kusankha mpesa kapena chikondi chovala.

Pakati rolevikov kwambiri kuyambira makhalidwe ena, makamaka pakati pa mafani Tolkien. ntchito luso maloto mtundu wanyimbo - mtundu wa potsimikizira-chikhalidwe mabuku, kupereka mbali yake danga yaikulu masewera.

Music ndi zinthu

Komabe ndi kutchula kayendedwe mobbers (fleshmobberov) ofunika. Iwo anakonza yochepa kanthu, bungwe ndondomeko pa Intaneti, imene m'kaundula pa owerenga ena malo amatumizidwa nthawi yeniyeni ya malangizo, malo ndi chikhalidwe cha lotsatira kung'anima ziwawa.

A zambiri subcultures zochokera zokonda yeniyeni nyimbo. Pali mafani wa gulu "Alice", Viktor Tsoi (gulu "Cinema"). Fans kuti nanenso ndi soloists akukondedwa mbali zochepetsetsa za maonekedwe.

Special kwa - zitsulo, ikuimira ambiri mwamwayi zosokoneza. "Amphamvu" nyimbo mwatcheru tsopano kwambiri, ochuluka kwambiri. Yanjanani mafani "heavy" pa mbali wamba masiku awa ndi zovuta, monga iwo ndi osiyana.

Emo ndi Goth

Ena yochezera music, ndi nthumwi za magulu achinyamata monga emo. Iwo anakhulupirira kuti iwo achinyamata moyandikana ndi wosakhazikika maganizo ndi kuchuluka emotionality kuti zikutsindika makamaka zovala khalidwe ndi zodzoladzola. Wina, wosiyana emo chikhalidwe - ndi Goths. Iwo mafani wa imfa, kuwola ali kumeneko nazo nyimbo yapadera, khalidwe aesthetics, onyamula kutchulidwa theatricality.

"Mdima Romance" zinachititsa osiyana kwathunthu chikhalidwe panopa ndi mmene view kuvutika-chikondi aliko. Classic Goth anatseka phunziro kwa wozingwa, kupsa maganizo. nyama, zomwe ndi mlendo chito wamba khalidwe. oimira ambiri kuvala mwapadera mu wakuda, wa mtundu umodzi utoto tsitsi lawo, milomo ndi misomali.

Mwatsatanetsatane mndandanda zonse zosiyanasiyana panopa alipo a subcultures sizingatheke. Counterculture ndi subcultures - mbali ziwiri za lonse limodzi. Iwo zambiri zofanana ndipo akhoza matanthauzo kusandutsa mu mzake. Gulu la aliyense wa counterculture ndi zosokoneza m'malo wachibale, chifukwa njira yachibadwa ndi zosaloleka. Chifukwa cha aliyense wa kauntala-zikhalidwe - kukhala payekha wa onyamula ake.