Mammoth mtengo: kufotokoza, photos, chidwi mfundo

M'nkhani ino tikufuna kulankhula za mtundu wa chozizwitsa - Mtengo yaikuluyi? Anthu amene amaona kuti kwa nthawi yoyamba, zikuoneka kuti ndi zamatsenga, monga ngati kuchokera nthano. Koma kwenikweni ndi chomera yaikulu kanthu koma chimphona Sequoia.

Mbiri ya ...

Mammoth mtengo ali ndi kukula chachikulu, zikuoneka nthambi zake amafanana weniweni yaikuluyi tusks. zomera Small kufika msinkhu wa mamita khumi, ndi zina amalima mpaka mamita 110. Zikuoneka kuti Sequoia kale, kuyambira nkhalango ya mitengo analipo m'nthawi ya zinyamazi. M'masiku amenewo anali unafala m'dziko lonse lapansili. Tsopano, kuthengo iwo kukula kokha kumpoto California ndi Sierra Nevada.

Zovuta kudziwa zaka pafupifupi zomera chimphona amati iwo satero zaka zosachepera 3-4 zikwi, ngakhale zaka ena toyesa kufikira ngakhale zaka 13 chikwi.

Atapeza yaikuluyi mtengo azungu izo anasintha dzina kangapo. British katswiri Lindley dzina lake Wellington (polemekeza Duke ya Wellington) zomera, ndi ku America akufuna kuitana Washington chomera (polemekeza pulezidenti Washington). Koma maudindo awa kale apatsidwa zomera zina, choncho mu 1939, mtengo anatchedwa Sequoia.

Sequoiadendron giganteum: kufotokoza

Sequoia wa mtundu wa masamba obiriwira coniferous zomera Cyprus banja. Kutchula koyamba za zomera ku Ulaya kunayamba chaka 1833. Panopa mtengo yaikuluyi ndi yayikulu kwambiri mdziko. Limatchedwanso "ananyamula". Chomera ali ndi bluish-wobiriwira singano ndi khungwa red-bulauni amene makulidwe - 60 masentimita, zomwe zimachititsa mtengo kugonjetsedwa ndi chisanu. Sequoia kutalika mamita oposa mazana, ndi mbiya awiri pa tsinde ndi wofanana ndi mamita 10. Zoyerekeza kulemera kwa chimphona - osati matani zosakwana zikwi ziwiri. Zomera yobiriwira amakula ndi kutalika mamita 750 pamwamba pa nyanja. Pamodzi ndi Pacific Ocean pa gombe la California.

mitengo chimphona-kakulidwe sequoia amaonedwa kukhala chachikulu kwambiri m'chilengedwe komanso waukulu zamoyo. Pakati pawo pali pafupifupi 50 mitengo aatali kuposa mamita 105. The wamkulu mtengo lero ali ndi zaka pafupifupi zaka 3,500. Choona chidwi n'chakuti pa mitengo ikuluikulu ya zimphona izi ndi topezeka zawo. Izo mwangwiro moyo lichens ndi ena zomera ang'ono, nyama ndi zamoyo.

Pa wamng'ono wa mitengo amphamvu kukula mofulumira kwambiri (10-20 masentimita pa chaka). Iwo ali conical, korona wandiweyani, ndipo patapita umakhala Kudzilambatitsa ndi zokhazokha. Monga ife msinkhu, nthambi ili yekha pamwamba pa mbiya. zanthete ndi Kamaoneka-bulauni.

The zomera wamkulu makungwa red-bulauni kwambiri wandiweyani ndi yofewa ndi wosiyana thunthu CHIKWANGWANI. masingano The asungidwa pa mphukira mpaka zaka zinayi. Maluwa mu April-May.

NKHANI mtengo yaikuluyi

Mammoth mtengo ali ndi matabwa wapatali kwambiri, ndilo analitamanda kwambiri pakati pa miyala ndi mtima wofiira ndi kuyamwa woyera (woongoka chikasu). Sequoia makungwa ndi amazipanga wandiweyani, ofiira ndi mizere kwambiri padziko, chimateteza zomera ku zinthu zina.

Yolimba nkhuni zimphona sikuti kuvunda, nchifukwa chake cha dziko la mitengo anayamba kuwononga kuyambira Anthuwa golide, ofufuza choyamba. Iwo anapulumuka mpaka pano palibe makope oposa 500, omwe ndi otetezeka ndipo amaonedwa nkhokwe achilengedwe.

Sequoia ndi limodzi, Alevi dziko. Iwo akhoza kukula zaka zoposa 2000. Okhwima mtengo umalandira zaka 400-500.

kukula sequoia kuti?

Ngati tikukamba za komwe kukula mtengo amphamvu, ndi Dziwani kuti Cretaceous ndi zomera yobiriwira akhala inafalitsidwa mu kumpoto kwa dziko lapansi. Koma tsopano pang'ono nkhalango yotsalira zimasungika yekha m'dera zochepa North America. Mitengo kukula mu Mzere yopapatiza pamodzi Pacific gombe. Kutalika kwa gulu ili - osati makilomita oposa 720. Ndipo ili pamalo okwera mamita 600-900 pamwamba pa nyanja. Sequoia (zithunzi amaoneka m'nkhani) akufunikira mu nyengo chinyezi, choncho mtunda pazipita zimene zikhoza kuchoka gombe - ndi makilomita 48 otsalawo mu zone ya mphamvu ya lonyowa mpweya nyanja. M'mikhalidwe ena, sitingapeze kulibe.

Mammoth mtengo: Chidwi Mfundo

Moyo wina wakugwa mtengo sequoia saafa, ndipo chikukulirakulirabe pogwiritsa ntchito mphukira yawo. Ngati palibe kapena kanthu kuteteza, ndiye patapita kanthawi iwo kukhala mitengo palokha. Ambiri a magulu awa zomera anapanga njira chabe chosavuta. Mtengo uliwonse banja aumbike ku zotsala za kholo nepogibshih. Monga ulamuliro, zomera achinyamata zolasa chitsa akale, kupanga bwalo. Tikaona nkhani majini a mini-yakhalapo, tingadziwire kuti ndi chimodzimodzi ndi chitsa, ndipo onse tchire.

Mammoth chimphona lili ndi chinthu chimodzi - bwino nthawi yotentha, osati conifers kokha, komanso nthambi lonse. Kotero chidwi momwe amachitira kutenthetsa.

The mitengo yaikulu amene anapulumuka masiku ano, ndi mayina awo. Choncho, pali "General Sherman", "Atate nkhalango", "General Grant" ndi ena. Mammoth mtengo "Atate nkhalango" kulibe, koma kusunga malongosoledwe ake, amene amadziwika kuti mbewu anafika mamita 135 kutalika ndi awiri pa tsinde la thunthu ndi wofanana ndi mamita 12.

Koma sequoia (chithunzi anapatsidwa m'nkhani) "General Sherman" ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 83 mamita. Akuti mbewu 1500 kiyubiki mamita mtengo wokongola, ndi circumference mbiya pa m'munsi ali ndi awiri a mamita 11. Kunyamula mtengo ngati inafunika zikuchokera ngolo 25.

Kodi ine ndikuwona sequoia?

Kuwona chimene chimaoneka ngati mtengo waukulu koposa kuti sayenera popita ku dziko lina, chabe kukaona Nikita Botanical Gardens ku Crimea (pa chakumwera). The awiri lalikulu mtengo kukula ndi 9 ndi 7 Curtin Upper Park Arboretum. Wina ukufika mamita 42,5 mu msinkhu ndi circumference thunthu ndi 610 masentimita. zomera onse anakwiriridwa mu 1886, ndi tsogolo la mbewu mbande zimapezeka mu 1881. N'zovuta kulingalira, koma lero mitengo zaka ndi zaka 136.

nkhuni

Monga ife otchulidwa, Sequoia ndi matabwa kwambiri ndipo nthawi yomweyo kukula mofulumira ndithu. Choncho, panopa izo wakula mu nkhalango. Kuwala amphamvu nkhuni, osati zimawonongeka, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga chuma kumanga ndi joinery. Kwa izo anapangidwa mipando, mitengo telefoni, sleepers sitima, matailosi, pepala. The anasiya fungo limachititsa ntchito mu chakudya ndi fodya makampani. Kwa izo anapangidwa mabokosi ndi milandu kwa fodya ndi ndudu migolo uchi.

Komanso, Redwood ndi ntchito ngati zomera yokongola, kubzala minda, m'mapaki ndi nkhokwe. Ndinachita pa m'mayiko ambiri, kuphatikizapo ku kum'mwera kumadzulo kwa Ulaya, kumene mbewu anaperekedwa pakati pa zana la 19.

m'malo epilogue ndi

Mammoth mtengo - zidzasintha ndi otchuka mbewu, watsikira kwa ife kuchokera nthawi makedzana. Pafupi zimphona munthu zikuwoneka zosaneneka cholengedwa pang'ono, koma pa nthawi yomweyo, ndi polojekitiyi anthu anachititsa mavuto pa mphamvu ya zomera zosaneneka. Mwatsoka, tsopano si mphamvu zobwezeretsa nambala wakale m'minda mtengo yaikuluyi, ntchito m'badwo apano - kusunga otsala zomera m'mbiri komanso kuteteza chiwonongeko.