Mbalame red-breasted flycatcher: kufotokoza, kugawa chakudya ndi chidwi mfundo

Kuyambira kalekale, anthu ankakonda kusunga moyo wa mbalame. Si onse ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana yowala ndi luso lapadera amapilira. Komabe, makhalidwe awo, makhalidwe chidwi osati ornithologists, komanso okonda ambiri chikhalidwe.

heroine lero wathu (red-breasted flycatcher) - monga mbalame yaing'ono. Back mu zaka zao za sikisite ya atumwi otsiriza ankaona yosowa kwambiri ku Central Black Lapansi, koma lero lasanduka wokhala bwino za nkhalango kutetezedwa. Komanso, red-breasted flycatcher - mbalame, amene tsopano ali omasuka ndithu amaona ndi m'mapaki mzinda. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, izi mbalame imvi anayamba kukhazikika, ndi m'makwalala mzinda.

Red-breasted flycatcher: Kufalitsa

mbalame ambiri ku Ulaya. Pafupifupi dziko lililonse, izi mbalame zazing'ono imvi kukhazikika mu malo lotseguka, ankaona kuti mitengo, madambo, lotseguka nkhalango glade. Kawirikawiri kusankha kukhala m'midzi. Iwo sali owopa oyandikana ndi anthu Komanso m'midzi kuchuluka kwa chakudya awo ankakonda - ntchentche.

Mu Russia, ndi red-breasted flycatcher (lotsmanchik) zisa kumpoto kwa dera Leningrad. Kum'mwera, izo akukumana ku malire a steppes treeless wa Ukraine ndi wotsika Volga dera. Komanso pali anthu mu nkhalango ya Caucasus, kumpoto Iran, pa Kopet Dagh.

Red-breasted flycatcher, makamaka pomwe kufalikira kwa nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha kuchepetsa madera wotanganidwa ndi spruce, paini wakonda ankafika. Nkhalango spruce-mitundu nkhalango spruce, nthawi zina atachuluka ndi wogontha, mbalame chisa.

Red-breasted flycatcher, za amene angapezeke mu mabuku ambiri pa ornithology, chimphanga yozizira kuti ku Africa North.

Flytrap towerengeka; mbali kunja

The pang'ono imvi mbalame wa kuti passerine, Old World flycatcher banja. kukula kwake ndi yaing'ono (palibe masentimita oposa 12), ndi nthenga ndi mdima ndithu, amene ali kalembera osati drawback: si mophweka kusunga mbalame zodya nyama.

Red-breasted flycatcher ali ang'ono, pang'ono elongated, chowulungika thupi. Mchira yaitali ndi zopyapyala. Mutu waukulu ndi maso aakulu mdima. Black mulomo ndi sing'anga kukula. yoteroyo mdima ndi zikhadabu yochepa. Red-breasted flycatcher, amene mawu ndi akuru ndithu, ndithu limafalitsa phokoso pachiyambi. Nyimbo Ptakha kuti tichipeza awiri kapena atatu kubwereza "tsirkany" ndi zinayi kapena zisanu mluzu phokoso zotsatirazi, ndi kamvekedwe kugwa. Nyimbo imeneyi kusakanizidwa ndi mawu a mbalame zina, nthawi ndi zosavuta kukumbukira.

mtundu amuna

Waumuna mbali ya mutu ndi khosi chapamwamba utoto mu wooneka imvi kapena mdima imvi. Nadhvoste mmbuyo ndi grayish-bulauni. Kubisa chapamwamba mchira nthenga velvety wakuda. Red-breasted flycatcher subspecies European ali craw, khosi, ndi chapamwamba chifuwa chachikulu malo owala mtundu ofiira kapena ocher. Mtundu mphamvu ya mawanga ndi kukula umadalira pa zaka mbalame. Chachikulu ndi owala ndi amuna achikulire.

Ndi khosi imvi mtundu imafika ku mbali ya bere ndi M'mphepete m'mbali mwa wofiira malo. The mmunsi mwa chifuwa ndi coverts m'munsi mwa mchira nthenga m'mimba - woyera. Pansi coverts woyera kuti wotumbululuka ocher mtundu. Upper ndi mahovye coverts - bulauni. Chapakati chiwongolero - wakuda, wina - ziwiri mtundu: woyera mu nthaka ndi pamwamba pa wakuda. Mlomo bulauni-bulauni pang'ono mbandakucha m'tsinde mwa mandible. Miyendo wooneka wakuda. Iris bulauni maso.

Monga akazi akuda?

Wamkulu wamkazi ndi grayish bulauni kapena brownish bulauni feathering mu thupi chapamwamba. Utsogoleri thupi chapamwamba ndi mchira wa mtundu mofanana aamuna. Mbali ya mutu pang'ono mbandakucha pamwamba. The underparts mwayera ndi wotumbululuka ocher hue. Pa ponytail coverts m'munsi mwayera. thupi Upper ndi mapiko mahovye peat ndi otsika wodetsedwa bulauni.

chakudya

Red-breasted flycatcher ndithu choosy chakudya. Monga ornithologists amati mwanayo kudya onse mungathe kutsalira milomo yawo ting'onoting'ono. Mphamvu yaing'ono flycatcher mwachuluka amadalira nyengo: pa tsiku zabwino bwino, mbalame izi kukakwera ntchentche, sing'anga-kakulidwe agulugufe, dragonflies. Musataye flytrap ku horsefly anaulukira mu zone ya malo ake kusaka.

Mu nyengo yoipa, pamene sikutheka kuwuluka, mbalame wakudya mbozi, kafadala ang'ono ndi tizilombo tina, amene pothawa mvula mitengo. Pali pousira mvula, ndipo heroine wathu. Flycatchers kusaka kwa pafupifupi tizilombo zonse mu mlengalenga, Komabe, ndi zokwawa mitundu iwo alibe kuzilambalala chidwi.

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti flytrap amatha deftly atamva mulomo wagwa masamba ndi pansi kwenikweni mudzapeza ena chakudya chawo. Zimenezi zingakhale akangaude, nyerere, kafadala ndi zina zazing'ono

Ntchito yomanga chisa

N'zochititsa chidwi chisa Flycatcher (mkazi) amathandiza yekha zipangizo awo achilengedwe. Iye mokoma analemba Moss ake, masamba woonda udzu, ulusi nkhuni, mbalame pansi. Kunja, mbalame zina ndere ndi miyala m'nthambi zake woonda.

Mkati alimbane ndi Moss, ting'onoting'ono ta tsitsi ngati kukwera zomera, ntchito pang'ono horsehair. Open kagawo (osati dzenje) amatenga mawonekedwe a mbale yaing'ono. awiri sikugwira upambana 50 mm, kuya - 45 mm. Azindikire kagawo kakang'ono muholovki kovuta chifukwa bwino masked, ndi mbalame osamala kwambiri ndi kukhala nthambi kumtunda kwa mitengo.

kubalana

Flycatcher mungathe chisa pafupi kwambiri kwa munthu: pansi pa madenga a nyumba, pa lampposts, m'minda. mbalame samatisiya okhala mu zisa anasiya mbalame zina. Mbalame zazing'ono imvi kufika pa malo kuswana mochedwa kwambiri.

N'zochititsa chidwi akudutsa mbalame mating nyengo: flycatchers wamwamuna wapeza chopanda kanthu dzenje, yomwe ili pafupi ndi akuyamba mupewe serenades m'banja. Kumva trills amorous wamkazi ntchentche kwa iye "mkwati." Koma pali mbale zing'onozing'ono ndipo pamene mwamuna amalephera kutenga osati mmodzi koma m'maenje angapo kanthu. Kenako nyambo "akwatibwi" pachiyambi m'nyumba imodzi, ndiyeno ntchentche ku lotsatira, amenenso limafalitsa ndi trills ukwati ndipo ifika wamkazi lotsatira. Choncho, pied mwamuna amakhala mwini "harem".

Koma ngongole wake: udindo wa bambo ndi mutu wamwamuna wa banja amachita ndi udindo wonse. Pa nyengo kukaikira mazira, Adzasunga chisa ndi ana awo. Yaimuna kumathandiza wamkazi namwino ndi namwino wosadziwa anapiye. Chifukwa bambo wa ana ambiri flit ku chisa wina ndi mzake. Ornithologists anakhazikitsa mfundo zodabwitsa: pa kukaikira mazira angapo flycatchers patsiku amapanga kuti flights mazana asanu a chakudya ndi kubwerera ku chisa kudyetsa anapiye awo wosadziwa.

N'zosadabwitsa flytrap ndi imatengedwa kwambiri mbalame: kuwonongedwa kwa chotero nambala yaikulu tizilombo ndi mwayi angatsutse nkhuku.

Zikamera wa anapiye

Mu June, chisa mazira kuoneka, amene nthawi zambiri osaposa asanu ndi mmodzi. chipolopolo ndi utoto mumtundu bluish ndi splashes wa mithunzi mdima. The wamkazi amawaumbatira mazira yekha kwa masabata awiri. Makulidwe mazira 19 × 14 mm. Poona ngozi, mbalame ndi imalira wosakhazikika zouluka padziko chisa, nthawi zina motengera kuukira pa wakubayo amene amayesetsa kuyendera chisa kuukira izo, kusiya munthu nkhawa.

Anapiye kudyetsedwa ndi makolo onse awiri. Mphukira ikukula mofulumira kwambiri, ndi miyezi zakubadwa adziimire paokha. Ndipo makolo nthawi nthawi imeneyi kuti zowalamulira chachiwiri.

Anapiye: zikuuluka

Woyamba nthenga anapiye - pabuka-bulauni pamwamba ndi mawanga kuwala ocher pa nthenga. Chotupa chija, pakhosi ndi gawo chapamwamba ya m'mawere ndi wotumbululuka ocher bulauni wazikang'a chitsanzo. mwamphamvu ake amachepetsa mu kumtunda kwa pamimba. Pansi pa Chithunzi kwina kwathunthu.

Pansi coverts mchira - woyera. Woyamba positi-kuswana (yozizira) chovala cha mbalame wamng'ono ndi ofanana kwambiri ndi wamkulu mtundu wamkazi. Komabe, chapamwamba chachikulu ndi mapiko coverts zingerengere sakhala kutchulidwa. Kusintha nthenga za mbalame wina wa ku kufungatira oyambirira kumayambira m'ma June. Izi molt tsankho chimakwirira pafupifupi nthenga yaing'ono, kupatula coverts akunja chapamwamba ndipo secondaries.

Mphukira ya kenako kufungatira molt choyamba, kawirikawiri itha mochedwa August ndi oyambirira September. Pa wintering ndi zaka osowa woyamba ena noticeable nthenga wofiira pakhosi pake. Akuluakulu molt kawiri pa chaka, kwathunthu mu asanakwatirane nthawi mu wintering malo ndi nthawi postnuptial m'madera kuswana.