Mnyamata zosokoneza

Modern anthu okhala m'mizinda, makamaka azikhalidwe, zikuphatikizapo ambiri subcultures, akufotokozera Chaanthu (aliponso Anthropology ndi maphunziro chikhalidwe) monga gulu la anthu, zofuna , ndi zikhulupiriro zosiyana ndi zofuna za chikhalidwe ambiri.

achinyamata amakono zosokoneza - magulu magulu a ana zikhalidwe za anthu a Mabaibulo osiyanasiyana, zofuna, zochita kusonyeza kukanidwa chikhalidwe lalikulu. Kudziwa gulu lililonse zimadalira kalasi chikhalidwe, jenda, nzeru, wamba makhalidwe mwambo, adzadziwire mtundu wa anthu ake, amakhala ndi zokonda za munthu kwa makamaka mtundu wanyimbo nyimbo , kalembedwe kavalidwe ndi amakonzera tsitsi, chindapusa m'madera ena, jargon ntchito - chinachake kuti ndipamene zizindikiro ndiponso makhalidwe abwino. Koma tisaiwale kuti lero gulu lililonse si yodziwika ndi anasiyiratu dzina, izo zikhoza kusintha, mu zina mawu, munthu momasuka achoke gulu limodzi ndi mzake, kusanganikirana osiyana zinthu kuchokera osiyana subcultures, mosiyana kwa chakale munthu siyana.

zosokoneza Youth amawamasulira kuti moyo ndi njira ya mawu, anayamba mu magulu. Nkhani yaikulu mu Chaanthu ake ndi ubwenzi pakati pa magulu a anthu ndipo zinachitikira tsiku ndi tsiku. Mwachitsanzo, mu ntchito ya French Katswiri Pierre Bourdieu limanena kuti waukulu chinthu zokhudza khalidwe la gulu ndi chikhalidwe chilengedwe - ntchito ya makolo ndi maphunziro mlingo kuti achitire ana awo.

Pali maphunziro ambiri ndiponso mfundo za chitukuko cha zikhalidwe izi, pakati pawo mfundo makhalidwe. Ena a mbiri yakale amati mpaka 1955 mnyamata zosokoneza ngati kulibe. Nkhondo Yachiwiri Yapadziko Lonse, achinyamata amene anawaitana ana okha kulowa awo mu m'badwo wa ambiri, osachepera pankhani mayiko a Azungu anali ndi ufulu pang'ono kwambiri ndipo palibe chikoka. Lingaliro la "mwana" ali kunayambira ku America. Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zimene achinyamata lotchedwa kuwonjezeka chikhalidwe ogula. Kwa 1950s ndi anthu ochuluka achinyamata anayamba kusonkhezera mafashoni, music, TV, mafilimu. Youth zosokoneza anatuluka potsiriza m'ma 1950s mu UK, pamene Teddy Boy, wokhala ndi wapadera chidwi awo maonekedwe (iwo n'kuyamba mu 1960, panatuluka mafashoni) ndi rockers (kapena kamvekedwe mpaka mnyamata) amene anapereka awo njinga zamoto zomwe mwakonda ndi kugwedezeka 'n' mayina. mabwana ambiri ndinazolowera zokonda zawo, kukhala njira malonda kupanga magazini, «Chatsopano zoyimbira Express» monga English nyimbo magazini (chidule NME), kenako anaonekera ndi TV - MTV. Open mafashoni masitolo, madansi ndi m'ntchito zina, lolunjika pa achinyamata olemera. Malonda analonjeza latsopano, zosangalatsa ndingaliro ya dziko achinyamata kudzera kumwa katundu.

Komabe, olemba mbiri ena amanena kuti achinyamata zosokoneza akanakhoza kuoneka pamaso, mu nthawi ya pakati pa nkhondo dziko potchula flepper kalembedwe. Icho chinali "latsopano zimasokoneza" atsikana mu 1920s ndi. Iwo ankavala lalifupi masiketi, chidule awo tsitsi, anamvera jazi mafashoni, mwauchidakwa utoto nkhope, fodya ndi kumwa mowa zakumwa, adatulutsa magalimoto ambiri anasonyeza sanaone zimene ankaona ponseponse kwa zovomerezeka khalidwe.

Today pali wina wa gulu lalikulu. Youth zosokoneza mu Russia lero ayamba kuumba achinyamata Western zikhalidwe (mwachitsanzo, emo, Goth, ntchafu Hawker), koma yodziwika Russian kulunjika.