Zimayambitsa madzi: zizindikiro za maonekedwe ndi kuopsa tsunami

M'zaka khumi zapitazi, chiwerengero cha masoka achilengedwe padziko lonse chawonjezeka kuposa kawiri. Ngozi kwambiri zachilengedwe akunena madzi osefukira - yaikulu mafunde wakupha.

Inu mukuganiza kuti inu zokwanira za izo? Kenako yesani kuyankha mafunso ophweka awa:

• Kodi zimayambitsa ndi madzi Kodi;
• Zizindikiro, amene angathe kudziwa njira zake;
• Tiuzeni zomwe muyenera kuchita kuti si kuwawa chifukwa cha mafunde wakupha.

Iwo sizinayende? Ndiye chonde kuwerenga nkhaniyi, n'zotheka, mfundo imeneyi tsiku lina kupulumutsa moyo wanu.

Kodi tsunami?

Zidzakhala tsunami - zimayambitsa ndi zotsatira za zodabwitsazi ayenera kudziwa anthu amene anakhalako. Mumadziwika akuti chatifika ku Japan sizodabwitsa chifukwa dziko ambiri amavutika ku mafunde wakupha. Tsunami ku Japan akusonyeza zilembo ziwiri: 津 - «Gulf doko, Bay" ndi 波 - «yoweyula». Choncho, mu pomasulira liwu limeneli limatanthauza "yoweyula pa gombe". Izi mafunde akuluakulu Chobwera mu kuya kwa nyanja ndi mphamvu zazikulu zowononga imagwera pa gombe.

Tsunami zinthu zokhudza akhoza chimatanthauza pulayimale ndi sekondale. Zomukhuza:

• kugunda mafunde;
• airwave, isanafike osefukira;
• hydrodynamic kuthamanga;
• sekondale kuimira:
• osefukira wathunthu alili;
• umuna ngalawa ku gombe;
• chiwonongeko cha nyumba, misewu, milatho mizere mphamvu ndi zinthu zina mu njira yanu kuti mafunde;
• imfa ya zamoyo zonse;
• kudzitsitsa dothi, chiwonongeko cha mbewu ya zaulimi;
• moto.

Kodi ambiri zodabwitsazi?

Zimayambitsa kusefukira kwa madzi ndi zambiri zogwirizana ndi miyala. Ambiri mwina chodabwitsa ofanana Tingaone pa Pacific gombe. Ichi ndi chifukwa makamaka kwa mkulu geoactive beseni. Pa Zakachikwi otsiriza malo awa zinaukilidwa wakupha mafunde nthawi zoposa 1,000. Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Indian ndi Atlantic Ocean, zodabwitsazi unkachitika mu kangapo zochepa.

Pa gawo la Russia, zoopsa kwambiri mawu a tsunami, gombe la Islands Kuril ndi Kamchatka ndi Sakhalin Island.

Magawo mafunde wakupha

Poganizira zimayambitsa madzi osefukira, ayenera loyamba la onse afotokoze zimene magawo yodziwika ndi mafunde, monganso iwo angathe kuyeza. Ngati mafunde ina, tsunami ali kutalika, kutalika ndi liwiro kuyenda.

1. Timaganiza amatchedwa mtunda yopingasa pakati pa mapiri awiri (zitunda) mafunde pafupi. Wapakati kutalika-wopanda khalidwe yoweyula kungakhale kuchokera 150 mpaka 300 Km.
2. Msinkhu ndi mtunda pakati pa Crest wa yoweyula wina ndi yekhayo. Pamwamba likulu la tsunami, chithunzi ichi kungakhale yaing'ono - kuchokera mamita 1 mpaka 5.
3. Liwiro - ndi liniya liwiro la kayendedwe ka chinthu makamaka, mwachitsanzo, lokwera. Nthawi zambiri, chithunzi ichi ranges kuchokera 500 mpaka 1000 Km / h, amene adzagwirizana, kwambiri.

Onse mafunde kanjedza tsunami, zimadalira akuya yatsoka m'mlengalenga. Yoweyula chozama zinayambira, wamkulu adzakhala m'litali pamwamba liwiro kafalitsidwe, koma kutalika ndi yaing'ono chabe. Mwachitsanzo, liwiro kafalitsidwe tsunami mu Pacific Ocean, kuya pafupifupi umene uli pafupi 4 Km, pafupifupi wofanana 700-800 Km / h. Pamene tikuyandikira gombe yoweyula kafalitsidwe mathamangidwe amachepetsa yokhudza ufiti kwa 80-100 Km / h. Choncho, ang'onoang'ono kuya, wamfupi oti timaganiza, koma kutalika ukuwonjezeka mofulumira kufika ku gombe. Nthawi zina zikhoza kufika mamita 45-50.

mwamphamvu

Tisanafotokoze kulankhula za zimene chifukwa cha tsunami, taganizirani magawo a mphamvu ya zodabwitsazi. Inde, tsunami monga chivomezi, ali ndi kugawikana, m'kukoma mfundo. Okwana pali milingo asanu ndi iwo ali motere:

• 1 Mfundo - chodabwitsa ndi chimaoneka bwino kwambiri, madzi osefukira uyu akhoza kukalembetsa yekha ndi zipangizo wapadera - mafunde n'zotsimikizira;
• 2 mfundo - ndithu yoweyula ofooka kuti basi lathyathyathya akhoza kusefukira gombe; zikhoza kuonedwa mu akatswiri waukulu;
• mfundo 3 - pafupifupi mphamvu ya tsunami, zindikirani zingakhale aliyense; Iwo amakhala ndi osefukira a lathyathyathya gombe, kuwonongeka m'mapapo nyumba ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja; pa gombe akhoza kuponyedwa kuwala luso;
• 4 mfundo - ndithu tsoka amphamvu; kugombe kwathunthu anasefukira, ndi nyumba yonse ya m'mphepete mwa nyanja ndi kuwonongeka ndithu; anaponyedwa pa gombe, ndipo kenaka anatsuka kumbuyo galimoto maboti kuwala ndi sailboats lalikulu ndithu; mwanyanja ali mbwee ndi mchenga, matope ndi zinyalala za mitengo; komanso kuthekera kwa anthu nsembe;
• 5 mfundo - chodabwitsa amphamvu kwambiri, limodzi ndi akuvutika ambiri; Padoko lowonongeka mazana ambiri mamita tsidya anaponyedwa sitima zazikulu; pafupi mitsinje zikusefukira, ndi mphepo yamkuntho amphamvu kukakhala;
• 6 mfundo - zotsatira zoopsa; dziko kwathunthu anasefukira makilomita ambiri kumtunda, pali ovulala misa, pali wathunthu Kuwonongedwa kwa malo ozungulira.

Chifukwa pali mafunde wakupha?

Apa tafika pa funso la chifukwa pali mafunde zoopsa. Kuyamba mndandanda zimayambitsa tsunami mwachidule:

• kugumuka;
• chivomezi;
• chiphala kuphulika;
• meteorites kugwa;
• zochita za anthu.

Chinthu chachikulu chomwe mafunde wakupha ndi undersea chivomerezi ndi kumtunda lakuthwa kapena pansi, mlingo wa nyanja. Pafupifupi 85% ya kusefukira kwa madzi zonse zimachitika chifukwa cha zimenezi. Koma si chivomezi m'madzi limodzi ndi funde yaikulu. Nthawi zambiri izi zimachitika pamene likulu si kwambiri.

Chifukwa china ndi kugumuka. Iwo mlandu za 7-8% ya zinthu chipwirikiti. ichi cha mphepo kapena kukakhala ndi kusefukira kwa madzi, titero sekondale, nthawi kugumuka zimachitika chifukwa cha zivomezi.

Chifukwa chachitatu - ndi m'madzi mapiri akaphulika. Amphamvu sitima zapamadzi kuphulika ndi pafupifupi zotsatira zofanana ndi za chivomezi. The yaikulu komanso wotchuka kuphulika chinachitika mu 1883. Krakatau kuphulika wakhala chifukwa cha tsunami yaikulu anawononga zombo oposa 5,000 padziko lonse, kupha pafupifupi 36,000 anthu.

Mofulumira osauka mphamvu za nyukiliya mawonekedwe maziko kwa zikamera cha chinthu china mafunde chimphona - zochita za anthu. Various kwambiri kuyezetsa Mwachitsanzo, mabomba nyukiliya amathanso chifukwa ngati chodabwitsa ngati tsunami.

laling'ono kwambiri, koma kuchuluka, ndipo anapatsidwa chododometsa dziko monga meteorites kugwa.

Dziwani kuti mafunde chimphona kuti nthawi zambiri chifukwa cha imodzi koma zinthu zingapo. Ndipo mu nkhani iyi iwo makamaka choopsa. Apa zimenezi zingakhale zimayambitsa waukulu wa madzi.

zotsatira

Chimodzi mwa zotsatira choyipitsitsa cha madzi, Inde, anthu nsembe. Ngakhale m'modzi moyo m'manda funde la anthu - kale chiphiri chachikulu. Kodi pano kulankhula za mazana ndi zikwi za anthu amene akhudzidwa.

Komanso, tsunami anachititsa salinisation ndi kunyoza m'madera ambiri gombe, komanso osefukira wathunthu wa madera a m'mphepete mwa nyanja. Ziwiya zonse nakocheza pafupi ndi gombe, adzaonongedwa, ndi nyumba pafupi ndi nyumba kungawonongedwe pansi.

Kodi kuzindikira tsunami likuyandikira?

Zimayambitsa madzi ndi zambiri kapena sichidziwika bwino, koma mmene kuzindikira zizindikiro kutsogolera vuto?

Njira choyamba cha masoka achilengedwe zambiri mumamva mbalame ndi zinyama kuti kuyambira m'nyumba zawo. Misa "kutengerapo" zilombo angayambe monga maola angapo kapena masiku angapo pamaso pa ngoziyo. Mwina, mbalame ndi nyama kumva mafunde ena mphamvu anatumiza amayi Earth. Ndipotu, nyama amakhudza munda mu atomu kuchokera padziko lapansi mkhalidwe limatuluka mtsinje wa ayoni mlandu kwa malire mpweya nawuza magetsi. Mwa njira, zodabwitsazi si nyama zokha kumva - ambiri otchedwa anthu meteodependent akuyamba mumamva kupweteka.

Ngati mukukhala pa gombe, adzaika Aquarium mosamala anthu ake. Izi ndi zimene Japanese, amene kwa zaka zambiri chimatanthauza njira ya ntchito zivomerezi pa khalidwe la Aquarium mlamba. Poyembekezera zivomezi zina nsomba zinthu m'mwamba kwambiri, kuyesera kwenikweni ndilumphepo Aquarium lapansi.

Chotsani zizindikiro za njira tsunami zikhoza kuwoneka ngati izi:

• madzi msanga ndipo mwadzidzidzi imasiyana gombe, kusiya mtunda lonse la mchenga;
• pali zizindikiro za yaing'ono (kapena yaikulu) zivomezi ngakhale mfundo imeneyi si kuvomerezedwa, monga pamene panayambira wa chivomezi tikhoza kukhala kutali mu nyanja ndi pa gombe ndi sadamve konse;
• yoweyula zoyenda limodzi ndi phokoso ofanana bawuti ndi;
• kusintha khalidwe la nyama, mbalame ndi nsomba (iwo akhoza kuwataya pa gombe).

Kodi muyenera kuchita chiyani ngati inu munazindikira akuyandikira yoweyula?

Ngati inu munazindikira zimayambitsa ngati madzi osefukira, chivomezi kapena kugwa kwa miyala yochokera kugwa nthawi atawona zizindikiro bwino njira yake, musazengereze lachiwiri. Kubweretsa zinthu chofunika kwambiri komanso zikalata, kutenga ana ndi okalamba, ndipo mwamsanga kupita ku gombe kumtunda. Zonena malire ndi banja lanu malo Ngati inu kutaya wina ndi mzake.

Ngati simungathe mwamsanga kusiya malo oopsa, kuyang'ana njira zina chipulumutso. Izi zikhoza kukhala mtundu wina wa phiri zachilengedwe - phiri kapena phiri. Komanso abwino mkulu likulu dongosolo, mwala kapena konkire. Ndi bwino ngati iwo adzakhala alipobe pang'ono kuchoka kumtunda.

Kofunika kulimbikitsa yachidule pewani mitsinje ndi matupi zosiyanasiyana madzi - kwa milatho, madamu, madamu. Iwo akhoza ankaona mtunda abwino osachepera 3-5 Km from katundu wambiri.

Yesetsani kuugwira - mantha kusokoneza yekha. Nthawi ya tsunami nthawi atathana zipangizo ndi kuyatsa dongosolo zidziwitso za. Never kunyalanyaza phokoso izi ngakhale nthawi zikuoneka kuti zizindikiro zonama.

Musati mukhale kuona tsunami ndipo silingafanane ndi gombe pasanathe maola 3-4 pambuyo kubera yoweyula choyamba. mfundo ndi yakuti yoweyula ndi kawirikawiri munthu - wachiwiri ndi wachitatu akhoza kudza pambuyo Mphindi 30 kapena pambuyo maola 3. Asanabwerere, onetsetsani kuti kunali kutatha.

Kudziwa malamulo yosavuta MOONA kupulumutsa moyo wanu. Kuwatsata iliyonse anaona zizindikiro woyamba wa kufika mafunde wakupha. Musanyalanyaze phokoso lipenga, ngakhale onse padziko amanena kuti zizindikiro zonama.

Pomaliza

Tsopano mukudziwa zimayambitsa tsunami ndi mavuto awo. Ine ndikukhumba kuti nzeru zimenezi anathandiza vuto. Kumbukirani tsunami - mofulumira kwambiri ndi woopsa kwambiri tsoka. Kudziwa zimayambitsa zodabwitsazi ndi malamulo zikuluzikulu za makhalidwe atha kupulumutsa moyo wanu.